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arXiv 2025年

作者： Shen, Yichen Hsieh, Ping-Yen Srinivasan, Dhruv Henry, Antoine Moille, Gregory Sridhar, Sashank Kaushik Restelli, Alessandro Chang, You-Chia Srinivasan, Kartik Smith, Thomas A. Dutt, Avik Department of Mechanical Engineering Institute for Physical Science & Technology University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Department of Photonics College of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu City30069 Taiwan Joint Quantum Institute National Institute of Standards and Technology University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division National Institute of Standards and Technology GaithersburgMD20899 United States Quantum Research and Applications Branch Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division Patuxent RiverMD20670 United States at Maryland College ParkMD20740 United States

Squeezed light offers genuine quantum advantage in enhanced sensing and quantum computation;yet the level of squeezing or quantum noise reduction generated from nanophotonic chips has been limited. In addition to strong quantum noise reduction, key desiderata for such a nanophotonic squeezer include frequency agility or tunability over a broad frequency range, and simultaneous operation in many distinct, well-defined quantum modes (qumodes). Here we present a strongly overcoupled silicon nitride squeezer based on a below-threshold optical parametric amplifier (OPA) that produces directly detected squeezing of 5.6 dB ± 0.2 dB, surpassing previous demonstrations in both continuous-wave and pulsed regimes. We introduce a seed-assisted detection technique into such nanophotonic squeezers that reveals a quantum frequency comb (QFC) of 16 qumodes, with a separation of 11 THz between the furthest qumode pair, while maintaining a strong squeezing. Additionally, we report spectral tuning of a qumode comb pair over one free-spectral range of the OPA, thus bridging the spacing between the discrete modes of the QFC. Our results significantly advance both the generation and detection of nanophotonic squeezed light in a broadband and multimode platform, establishing a scalable, chip-integrated path for compact quantum sensors and continuous-variable quantum information processing systems. © 2025, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Quantum noise

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Longitudinal and Geographic Trends in Perceived Racial Discrimination Among Adolescents in the United States: The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study

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Journal of Adolescent Health 2025年第1期77卷 118-127页

作者： Fields, Christopher T. Black, Carmen Calhoun, Amanda J. Rosenblatt, Matthew Rodriguez, Raimundo Aina, Joseph Thind, Jannat K. Grayson, Jalen Khalifa, Fahmi Assari, Shervin Zhou, Xin Nagata, Jason Gee, Dylan G. Program for Recovery and Community Health Department of Psychiatry Yale School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut United States Department of Radiology Magnetic Resonance Research Center Yale School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut United States Institute of Living at Hartford Healthcare Hartford Connecticut United States Department of Psychiatry Yale School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut United States Department of Psychiatry University of Connecticut Health Center Farmington Connecticut United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Morgan State University Detroit MI United States Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior University of California-Los Angeles Los Angeles California United States Department of Family Medicine Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science Los Angeles California United States Department of Biostatistics Yale School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut United States Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine Department of Pediatrics University of California San Francisco San Francisco California United States Department of Psychology Yale University New Haven Connecticut United States

Purpose: To assess longitudinal and geographic variation in perceived discrimination from ages 10–11 to 13–14 years in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development cohort, and to examine how these experiences are shaped by contextual factors such as neighborhood segregation and state-level racial bias. Methods: Data were drawn from the longitudinal Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (release 5.1), analyzing years 1, 2, and 4, corresponding to approximate ages 10–11, 11–12, and 13–14 years. Perceived discrimination was assessed using items adapted from the Perceived Discrimination Scale. Mixed-effects logistic regression models examined how perceived discrimination varied across time, demographic factors, and contextual variables, with models weighted using American Community Survey raked propensity scores to ensure national representativeness. Results: Black, Asian American and Pacific Islander, and Other/Multiracial non-Hispanic youth showed increasing trajectories of perceived discrimination over time, while Native American and White non-Hispanic youth exhibited decreasing trends. Significant geographic variation emerged, with Black youth reporting elevated discrimination across all regions, particularly in the West and South. Youth living in areas with concentrated poor Black households and in states with high anti-Black bias reported higher discrimination. Youth with immigrant backgrounds generally reported higher levels of perceived discrimination across most racial/ethnic groups. Discussion: Perceived discrimination follows distinct developmental trajectories during early adolescence that vary significantly by race, ethnicity, geography, and structural context. These findings highlight the critical need for targeted interventions during this developmental period, particularly for Black, Asian American and Pacific Islander, and Other/Multiracial youth. Context-specific approaches to addressing racism are essential for mitigating its harmful effects on a

关键词： Adolescent health Health disparities Intergroup relations Interpersonal racism Public health Racial discrimination Racism Racism-related stress Social determinants of health

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Enhanced valley zeeman splitting in fe-doped monolayer mos2

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Li, Qi Zhao, Xiaoxu Deng, Longjiang Shi, Zhongtai Liu, Sheng Wei, Qilin Zhang, Linbo Cheng, Yingchun Zhang, Li Lu, Haipeng Gao, Weibo Huang, Wei Qiu, Cheng-Wei Xiang, Gang Pennycook, Stephen John Xiong, Qihua Loh, Kian Ping Peng, Bo National Engineering Research Center of Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials School of Electronic Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu611731 China Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore 9 Engineering Drive 1 117575 Singapore Department of Chemistry Centre for Advanced 2D Materials Graphene Research Centre National University of Singapore 117549 Singapore Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 637371 Singapore Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Institute of Advanced Materials Nanjing Tech University Nanjing211816 China College of Physical Science and Technology Sichuan University Chengdu610064 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore 117583 Singapore

The "Zeeman effect" offers unique opportunities for magnetic manipulation of the spin degree of freedom (DOF). Recently, valley Zeeman splitting, referring to the lifting of valley degeneracy, has been demonstrated in two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) at liquid helium temperature. However, to realize the practical applications of valley pseudospins, the valley DOF must be controllable by a magnetic field at room temperature, which remains a significant challenge. Magnetic doping in TMDs can enhance the Zeeman splitting, however, to achieve this experimentally is not easy. Here, we report unambiguous magnetic manipulation of valley Zeeman splitting at 300 K (geff = -6.4) and 10 K (geff = -11) in a CVD-grown Fe-doped MoS2 monolayer;the effective Landé geff factor can be tuned to -20.7 by increasing the Fe dopant concentration, which represents an approximately fivefold enhancement as compared to undoped MoS2. Our measurements and calculations reveal that the enhanced splitting and geff factors are due to the Heisenberg exchange interaction of the localized magnetic moments (Fe 3d electrons) with MoS2 through the d-orbital hybridization. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Landforms

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High-Speed Ultraviolet-C Photodetector Based on Frequency Down-Converting CsPbBr3 Perovskite Nanocrystals on Silicon Platform

High-Speed Ultraviolet-C Photodetector Based on Frequency Do...

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IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC)

作者： Chun Hong Kang Ibrahim Dursun Guangyu Liu Lutfan Sinatra Xiaobin Sun Meiwei Kong Jun Pan Partha Maity Ee-Ning Ooi Tien Khee Ng Omar F. Mohammed Osman M. Bakr Boon S. Ooi Division of Computer Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Photonics Laboratory Division of Physical Science and Engineering King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal Saudi Arabia Quantum Solutions LLC Thuwal Saudi Arabia

We demonstrate CsPbBr 3 perovskite nanocrystals with high photoluminescence quantum yield and fast down-transition lifetime as frequency down-converting material on matured silicon-based photodetectors. The hybrid photoreceiver demonstrates up to 25% increment in terms of photon-to-electron conversion and 34 megabit-per-second transmission for high-speed UVC communication link.

关键词： Photodetectors Photonics Nanocrystals STEM Signal to noise ratio Absorption Light emitting diodes

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Three-Dimensional Acoustic Double-Zero-Index Medium with a Fourfold Degenerate Dirac-like Point

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physical Review Letters 2020年第7期124卷 074501-074501页

作者： Changqing Xu Guancong Ma Ze-Guo Chen Jie Luo Jinjie Shi Yun Lai Ying Wu Division of Computer Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia Department of Physics Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Tong Hong Kong School of Physical Science and Technology Soochow University Suzhou 215006 China MOE Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China

We report the first realization of a three-dimensional (3D) acoustic double-zero-index medium (DZIM) made of a cubic lattice of metal rods. While the past decade has seen several realizations of 2D DZIM, achieving such a medium in 3D has remained an elusive challenge. Here, we show how a fourfold degenerate point with conical dispersion can be induced at the Brillouin zone center, such that the material becomes a 3D DZIM with the effective mass density and compressibility simultaneously acquiring near-zero values. To demonstrate the functionalities of this new medium, we have fabricated an acoustic waveguide of 3D DZIM in form of a “periscope” with two 90° turns and observed tunneling of a normally incident planar wave through the waveguide yielding undistorted planar wave front at the waveguide exit. Our findings establish a practical route to realize 3D DZIM as an effective acoustic “void space” that offers unprecedented control over acoustic wave propagation.

关键词： Photonic crystals Acoustic metamaterials

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Acoustic Power Divider Based on Compressibility-Near-Zero Propagation

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physical Review Applied 2020年第2期14卷 024057-024057页

作者： Hussein Esfahlani Matthew S. Byrne Andrea Alù Electrical Engineering Institute École Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne (EPFL) CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas 78712 USA Photonics Initiative Advanced Science Research Center New York New York 10031 USA Kymeta Corporation Redmond Washington 98052 USA Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division West Bethesda Maryland 20817 USA Physics Program Graduate Center New York New York 10016 USA

Materials with properties that can be described by a near-zero index of refraction have received significant attention in the fields of electromagnetics, optics, and acoustics, due to their extraordinary capabilities in wave manipulation. It was recently demonstrated theoretically and experimentally that acoustic waves could manifest near-zero-index propagation based on the effective compressibility of a waveguide channel approaching zero. In turn, this allows tunneling of acoustic waves with nearly infinite wavelength (or equivalently, uniform phase) when the channel cross section is much larger than the feeding lines. Here, we show that these concepts can be leveraged to realize an acoustic power divider and multiplexer offering tunneling of sound to an arbitrary number of output ports, with phase shifts equal to 0° or 180° and robust response to variations in the port position. We present analytical and numerical models describing the properties of this device and study limitations and trade-offs that occur in the presence of losses as the device size is scaled.

关键词： Acoustic metamaterials Acoustic wave phenomena Acoustics

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Observation of topological edge states in thermal diffusion

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Hu, Hao Han, Song Yang, Yihao Liu, Dongjue Xue, Haoran Liu, Gui-Geng Cheng, Zheyu Wang, Qi Jie Zhang, Shuang Zhang, Baile Luo, Yu School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore639798 Singapore Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China ZJU-Hangzhou Global Science and Technology Innovation Center Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China International Joint Innovation Center ZJU-UIUC Institute Zhejiang University Haining314400 China Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore637371 Singapore Department of Physics University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering University of Hong Kong China Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies Nanyang Technological University Singapore637371 Singapore

The topological band theory predicts that bulk materials with nontrivial topological phases support topological edge states. This phenomenon is universal for various wave systems and has been widely observed for electromagnetic and acoustic waves. Here, we extend the notion of band topology from wave to diffusion dynamics. Unlike the wave systems that are usually Hermitian, the diffusion systems are anti-Hermitian with purely imaginary eigenvalues corresponding to decay rates. Via direct probe of the temperature diffusion, we experimentally retrieve the Hamiltonian of a thermal lattice, and observe the emergence of topological edge decays within the gap of bulk decays. Our results show that such edge states exhibit robust decay rates, which are topologically protected against disorders. This work constitutes a thermal analogue of topological insulators and paves the way to exploring defect-immune heat dissipation. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Topology

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Wisdom of Crowds for Supporting the Safety Evaluation of Nanomaterials

SSRN

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Saarimäki, Laura Aliisa Fratello, Michele del Giudice, Giusy Di Lieto, Emanuele Afantitis, Antreas Alenius, Harri Chiavazzo, Eliodoro Gulumian, Mary Karisola, Piia Lynch, Iseult Mancardi, Giulia Melagraki, Georgia Netti, Paolo A. Papadiamantis, Anastasios G. Peijnenburg, Willie Santos, Hélder A. Serchi, Tommaso Shahbazi, Mohammad-Ali Stoeger, Tobias Valsami-Jones, Eugenia Vivo, Paola Vrček, Ivana Vinković Vogel, Ulla Wick, Peter Winkler, David A. Serra, Angela Greco, Dario Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Tampere University Tampere33520 Finland Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences Faculty of Pharmacy University of Helsinki Helsinki00790 Finland NovaMechanics Ltd Nicosia Cyprus Institute of Environmental Medicine Karolinska Institutet Stockholm171 77 Sweden Research Program Medical Faculty University of Helsinki Helsinki00290 Finland Politecnico di Torino Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24 Torino10129 Italy National Institute for Occupational Health National Health Laboratory Services Johannesburg South Africa School of Geography Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Birmingham Birmingham United Kingdom Division of Physical Sciences and Applications Hellenic Military Academy Vari Greece Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials-CRIB University of Napoli Federico II P.le Tecchio 80 Napoli80125 Italy Institute of Environmental Sciences Leiden University Leiden Netherlands National Institute of Public Health and the Environment Center for Safety of Products and Substances Bilthoven Netherlands University of Groningen Groningen Netherlands Drug Research Program Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology Faculty of Pharmacy University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology 5 Avenue des Hauts Fourneaux Eschsur-Alzette4362 Luxembourg Munich Germany Solar Cells Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Tampere University P.O. Box 541 TampereFI-33014 Finland Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health Zagreb Croatia National Research Centre for the Working Environment Copenhagen ODK-2100 Denmark Lerchenfeldstrasse 5 St. Gallen9014 Switzerland La Trobe Institute of Molecular Science La Trobe University Bundoora3086 Australia Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash University Parkville3052 Australia School of Pharmacy University of Nottingham NottinghamNG7 2QL United Kingdom Tampere Institute for Advanced Study

The development of new approach methodologies (NAMs) to replace current in vivo testing for the safety assessment of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) is hindered by the scarcity of validated experimental data for a broad range of ENMs. We introduce a framework to address this challenge by harnessing the collective expertise of professionals from multiple complementary and related fields (‘wisdom of crowds’ or WoC). By integrating expert insights, we aim to fill data gaps and generate consensus concern scores for diverse ENMs, thereby enhancing the predictive power of nanosafety computational models. Our investigation reveals an alignment between expert opinion and experimental data, providing robust estimations of concern levels. Building upon these findings, we employ predictive machine learning models trained on the newly defined concern scores, ENM descriptors, and gene expression profiles, to quantify potential harm across various toxicity endpoints. These models further revealed key genes potentially involved in underlying toxicity mechanisms. Notably, genes associated with metal ion homeostasis, inflammation, and oxidative stress emerge as predictors of ENM toxicity across diverse endpoints. This study showcases the value of integrating expert knowledge and computational modeling to address the complexity of nanomaterial safety. Our work suggests that this interdisciplinary approach enhances the accuracy and efficiency of safety assessment in the rapidly evolving landscape of nanotechnology. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nanoclay

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IoT environmental analyzer using sensors and machine learning for migraine occurrence prevention 18

IoT environmental analyzer using sensors and machine learnin...

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18th IEEE International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications, ICMLA 2019

作者： Day, Rosemarie J. Salehi, Hassan Javadi, Mahsa Data Science Program Worcester Polytechnic Institute WorcesterMA United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering California State University Chico ChicoCA United States Division of Genetic Research University of Connecticut Health Center FarmingtonCT United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781728145495

Everyday migraines are affecting more than one billion people worldwide. This headache disorder is classified as the sixth most disabling disease in the world. Migraines are just one chronic illness affected by environmental triggers due to changes that occur inside the home. Migraines share this characteristic with sinus headaches and thus are often misdiagnosed. In this research work, an iOS-based environmental analyzer was designed, implemented and evaluated for migraine sufferers with the use of sensors. After the data collection and cleaning, five machine learning model were used to estimate prediction accuracy of migraines in terms of the environment. The data was evaluated against the models using K-Fold cross validation. The algorithm accuracy comparison showed that Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) produced highest accuracy for the testing data at a mean of 0.938. Preliminary results demonstrate the feasibility of using machine learning algorithms to perform the automated recognition of migraine trigger areas in the environment. © 2019 IEEE.

关键词： Internet of things

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A fully inkjet-printed disposable glucose sensor on paper

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npj Flexible Electronics 2018年第1期2卷 263-270页

作者： Eloïse Bihar Shofarul Wustoni Anna Maria Pappa Khaled N.Salama Derya Baran Sahika Inal Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering King Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)Thuwal 23955Saudi Arabia Division of Physical Science and Engineering KAUST Solar CenterKAUSTThuwal 23955Saudi Arabia Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology University of CambridgePhilippa Fawcett DriveCambridge CB30ASUK Division of Computer Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and EngineeringAdvanced Membranes and Porous Materials CenterKAUSTThuwal 23955Saudi Arabia

Inexpensive and easy-to-use diagnostic tools for fast health screening are imperative,especially in the developing world,where portability and affordability are a *** monitoring of metabolite levels can provide useful information regarding key metabolic activities of the body and detect the concomitant irregularities such as in the case of diabetes,a worldwide chronic ***,the majority of daily glucose monitoring tools rely on piercing the skin to draw *** pain and discomfort associated with finger pricking have created a global need to develop non-invasive,portable glucose *** this work,we develop a disposable analytical device which can measure physiologically relevant glucose concentrations in human saliva based on enzymatic electrochemical *** use inkjet-printing technology for the rapid and low-cost deposition of all the components of this glucose sensor,from the electronics to the biorecognition elements,on commercially available paper *** only electronic component of the sensor is the conducting polymer poly(3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene)doped with polystyrene sulfonate(PEDOT:PSS),while the biorecognition element comprises of the enzyme glucose oxidase coupled with an electron *** demonstrate that one month after its fabrication and storage in air-free environment,the sensor maintains its function with only minor performance *** fully printed,all-polymer biosensor with its ease of fabrication,accuracy,sensitivity and compatibility with easy-to-obtain biofluids such as saliva aids in the development of next generation low-cost,noninvasive,eco-friendly,and disposable diagnostic tools.

关键词： maintain sensor printing

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