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arXiv 2023年

作者： Reinke, Annika Tizabi, Minu D. Baumgartner, Michael Eisenmann, Matthias Heckmann-Nötzel, Doreen Kavur, A. Emre Rädsch, Tim Sudre, Carole H. Acion, Laura Antonelli, Michela Arbel, Tal Bakas, Spyridon Benis, Arriel Blaschko, Matthew B. Buettner, Florian Cardoso, M. Jorge Cheplygina, Veronika Chen, Jianxu Christodoulou, Evangelia Cimini, Beth A. Collins, Gary S. Farahani, Keyvan Ferrer, Luciana Galdran, Adrian van Ginneken, Bram Glocker, Ben Godau, Patrick Haase, Robert Hashimoto, Daniel A. Hoffman, Michael M. Huisman, Merel Isensee, Fabian Jannin, Pierre Kahn, Charles E. Kainmueller, Dagmar Kainz, Bernhard Karargyris, Alexandros Karthikesalingam, Alan Kenngott, Hannes Kleesiek, Jens Kofler, Florian Kooi, Thijs Kopp-Schneider, Annette Kozubek, Michal Kreshuk, Anna Kurc, Tahsin Landman, Bennett A. Litjens, Geert Madani, Amin Maier-Hein, Klaus Martel, Anne L. Mattson, Peter Meijering, Erik Menze, Bjoern Moons, Karel G.M. Müller, Henning Nichyporuk, Brennan Nickel, Felix Petersen, Jens Rafelski, Susanne M. Rajpoot, Nasir Reyes, Mauricio Riegler, Michael A. Rieke, Nicola Saez-Rodriguez, Julio Sánchez, Clara I. Shetty, Shravya Summers, Ronald M. Taha, Abdel A. Tiulpin, Aleksei Tsaftaris, Sotirios A. van Calster, Ben Varoquaux, Gaël Yaniv, Ziv R. Jäger, Paul F. Maier-Hein, Lena Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany Heidelberg Division of Intelligent Medical Systems Germany NCT Heidelberg A Partnership Between DKFZ University Medical Center Heidelberg Germany Heidelberg Division of Medical Image Computing Germany Heidelberg Division of Intelligent Medical Systems Germany MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing UCL Centre for Medical Image Computing Department of Computer Science University College London London United Kingdom School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Science King’s College London London United Kingdom Instituto de Cálculo CONICET – Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina Centre for Medical Image Computing University College London London United Kingdom McGill University Montreal Canada Division of Computational Pathology Dept of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine Indiana University School of Medicine IU Health Information and Translational Sciences Building Indianapolis United States University of Pennsylvania Richards Medical Research Laboratories FL7 PhiladelphiaPA United States Department of Digital Medical Technologies Holon Institute of Technology Holon Israel European Federation for Medical Informatics Le Mont-sur-Lausanne Switzerland Center for Processing Speech and Images Department of Electrical Engineering KU Leuven Leuven Belgium partner site Frankfurt/Mainz a partnership between DKFZ and UCT Frankfurt Marburg Germany Heidelberg Germany Goethe University Frankfurt Department of Medicine Germany Goethe University Frankfurt Department of Informatics Germany and Frankfurt Cancer Insititute Germany Department of Computer Science IT University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften – ISAS – e.V. Dortmund Germany Imaging Platform Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard CambridgeMA United States Centre for Statistics in Medicine University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Center for Biomedical In

Validation metrics are key for tracking scientific progress and bridging the current chasm between artificial intelligence (AI) research and its translation into practice. However, increasing evidence shows that particularly in image analysis, metrics are often chosen inadequately. While taking into account the individual strengths, weaknesses, and limitations of validation metrics is a critical prerequisite to making educated choices, the relevant knowledge is currently scattered and poorly accessible to individual researchers. Based on a multi-stage Delphi process conducted by a multidisciplinary expert consortium as well as extensive community feedback, the present work provides the first reliable and comprehensive common point of access to information on pitfalls related to validation metrics in image analysis. While focused on biomedical image analysis, the addressed pitfalls generalize across application domains and are categorized according to a newly created, domain-agnostic taxonomy. The work serves to enhance global comprehension of a key topic in image analysis validation. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Computer vision

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Joint Observation of the Galactic Center with MAGIC and CTA-LST-1 38

Joint Observation of the Galactic Center with MAGIC and CTA-...

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38th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2023

作者： Abe, Shotaro Berti, Alessio Di Pierro, Federico López-Coto, Rubén Moralejo, Abelardo Ohtani, Yoshiki Sitarek, Julian Strzys, Marcel Suda, Yusuke Vovk, Ievgen Abe, H. Abe, K. Abe, S. Abhir, J. Acciari, V.A. Aguasca-Cabot, A. Agudo, I. Alvarez Crespo, N. Aniello, T. Ansoldi, S. Antonelli, L.A. Aramo, C. Arbet-Engels, A. Cornelia, A. Artero, M. Asano, K. Aubert, P. Baack, D. Babić, A. Baktash, A. Bamba, A. Baquero Larriva, A. Baroncelli, L. Barres de Almeida, U. Barrio, J.A. Batkovic, I. Baxter, J. Becerra González, J. Bednarek, W. Bernardini, E. Bernardos, M.I. Bernete Medrano, J. Berti, A. Besenrieder, J. Bhattacharjee, P. Biederbeck, N. Bigongiari, C. Biland, A. Bissaldi, E. Blanch, O. Bonnoli, G. Bordas, P. Bošnjak, Ž. Bulgarelli, A. Burelli, I. Burmistrov, L. Buscemi, M. Busetto, G. Campoy-Ordaz, A. Cardillo, M. Caroff, S. Carosi, A. Carosi, R. Carrasco, M.S. Carretero-Castrillo, M. Cassol, F. Castro-Tirado, A.J. Cauz, D. Cerasole, D. Ceribella, G. Chai, Y. Cheng, K. Chiavassa, A. Chikawa, M. Chilingarian, A. Chytka, L. Cifuentes, A. Cikota, S. Colombo, E. Contreras, J.L. Cortina, J. Costantini, H. Covino, S. D’Amico, G. Dalchenko, M. D’Elia, V. Da Vela, P. Dazzi, F. De Angelis, A. de Bony de Lavergne, M. De Lotto, B. De Lucia, M. de Menezes, R. Del Peral, L. Deleglise, G. Delfino, M. Delgado, C. Delgado Mengual, J. della Volpe, D. Dellaiera, M. Del Popolo, A. Depaoli, D. Di Piano, A. Di Pierro, F. Di Pilato, A. Di Tria, R. Di Venere, L. Díaz, C. Dominik, R.M. Dominis Prester, D. Donini, A. Dorner, D. Doro, M. Eisenberger, L. Elsässer, D. Emery, G. Escudero, J. Fallah Ramazani, V. Fariña, L. Fattorini, A. Ferrara, G. Ferrarotto, F. Fiasson, A. Foffano, L. Font, L. Freixas Coromina, L. Fröse, S. Fukami, S. Fukazawa, Y. Garcia, E. Garcia López, R. Garczarczyk, M. Gasbarra, C. Gasparrini, D. Gasparyan, S. Gaug, M. Geyer, D. Giesbrecht Paiva, J. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Gliwny, P. Godinovic, N. Grau, R. Green, J. Green, D. Gunji, S. Günther, P. Hackfeld, J. Hadasch, D. Hahn, A. Institute for Cosmic Ray Research Kashiwa-no-ha 5-1-5 Kashiwa-shi Chiba Japan Max-Planck-Institut für Physik Föhringer Ring 6 München80805 Germany INFN Sezione di Torino Via P. Giuria 1 Torino10125 Italy Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n Granada18008 Spain The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Campus UAB Bellaterra Barcelona08193 Spain Faculty of Physics and Applied Informatics University of Lodz ul. Pomorska 149-153 Lodz90-236 Poland Physics Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University Hiroshima739-8526 Japan Institute for Cosmic Ray Research University of Tokyo Japan Department of Physics Tokai University Japan ETH Zürich Switzerland Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias Departamento de Astrofísica Universidad de La Laguna Spain Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica Institut de Ciències del Cosmos Universitat de Barcelona IEEC-UB Spain EMFTEL department IPARCOS Universidad Complutense de Madrid Spain Italy INFN Sezione di Trieste Università degli Studi di Udine Italy Italy INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma Italy INFN Sezione di Napoli Italy INFN Sezione di Padova Università degli Studi di Padova Italy LAPP Univ. Grenoble Alpes Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc CNRS-IN2P3 Annecy France Department of Physics TU Dortmund University Germany Croatia Universität Hamburg Institut für Experimentalphysik Germany Graduate School of Science University of Tokyo Japan Universidad del Azuay Ecuador INAF Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello spazio di Bologna Italy Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas Brazil CIEMAT Spain INFN Sezione di Bari Politecnico di Bari Italy INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera Italy University of Geneva Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire Switzerland INFN Sezione di Catania Italy Departament de Física CERES-IEEC Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona Spain Italy Università di Pisa INFN Pisa Italy Aix Mars

MAGIC is a system of two Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs), designed to detect very-high-energy gamma rays, and is operating in stereoscopic mode since 2009 at the Observatorio del Roque de Los Muchachos in La Palma, Spain. In 2018, the prototype IACT of the Large-Sized Telescope (LST-1) for the Cherenkov Telescope Array, a next-generation ground-based gamma-ray observatory, was inaugurated at the same site, at a distance of approximately 100 meters from the MAGIC telescopes. Using joint observations between MAGIC and LST-1, we developed a dedicated analysis pipeline and established the threefold telescope system via software, achieving the highest sensitivity in the northern hemisphere. Based on this enhanced performance, MAGIC and LST-1 have been jointly and regularly observing the Galactic Center, a region of paramount importance and complexity for IACTs. In particular, the gamma-ray emission from the dynamical center of the Milky Way is under debate. Although previous measurements suggested that a supermassive black hole Sagittarius A* plays a primary role, its radiation mechanism remains unclear, mainly due to limited angular resolution and sensitivity. The enhanced sensitivity in our novel approach is thus expected to provide new insights into the question. We here present the current status of the data analysis for the Galactic Center joint MAGIC and LST-1 observations. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons.

关键词： Cosmology

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Development of Heterocyclic-C61-butyric Acid Methyl Ester/ Pyrazine (HCBM-Pyrazine) acceptor material for organic solar cells applications

Development of Heterocyclic-C61-butyric Acid Methyl Ester/ P...

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IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology

作者： Muath Bani Salim Reza Nekovei Tamer Elwaie Jeyakumar Ramanujam Sustainable Energy Systems Engineering Program Texas A&M University–Kingsville Kingsville TX Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Texas A&M University–Kingsville Kingsville TX Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department Cairo University Cairo Egypt Physics of Energy Harvesting Division CSIR-National Physical Laboratory Delhi India

This paper presents a novel modification on the Phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) for better performance as an acceptor material by introducing a Heterocyclic ring (Pyrazine) in the place of the Phenyl group of the PCBM to form a new acceptor material, Heterocyclic-C61-butyric Acid Methyl Ester/ Pyrazine (HCBM-Pyrazine). The electronic properties for the new material are obtained theoretically through the use of the Density Functional Theory (DFT) method with the help of the Gaussian 16 program. The results show that the HCBM-Pyrazine can create more voltage if used with any donor material. Besides that, it has a considerably higher electron affinity, making it a more efficient electron acceptor than the original PCBM. Furthermore, the results show that both molecules have closer absorption spectrums and reorganization energies.

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Compliant lightweight non-invasive standalone“Marine Skin”tagging system

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npj Flexible Electronics 2018年第1期2卷 97-105页

作者： Joanna M.Nassar Sherjeel M.Khan Seneca J.Velling Andrea Diaz-Gaxiola Sohail F.Shaikh Nathan R.Geraldi Galo A.Torres Sevilla Carlos M.Duarte Muhammad M.Hussain mmh Labs Computer Electrical Mathematical Science and Engineering DivisionKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)Thuwal 23955-6900Saudi Arabia Material&Nanoscience Program Faculty of ScienceUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooON N2L-3G1Canada Red Sea Research Center(RSRC) Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering(BESE)DivisionKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)Thuwal 23955-6900Saudi Arabia

Current marine research primarily depends on weighty and invasive sensory equipment and telemetric network to understand the marine environment,including the diverse fauna it contains,as a function of animal behavior and size,as well as equipment *** match animal morphology and activity within the surrounding marine environment,here we show a physically flexible and stretchable skin-like and waterproof autonomous multifunctional system,integrating Bluetooth,memory chip,and high performance physical *** sensory tag is mounted on a swimming crab(Portunus pelagicus)and is capable of continuous logging of depth,temperature,and salinity within the harsh ocean *** fully packaged,ultra-lightweight(<2.4 g in water),and compliant“Marine Skin”system does not have any wired connection enabling safe and weightless cuttingedge approach to monitor and assess marine life and the ecosystem’s health to support conservation and management of marine ecosystems.

关键词： Marine system Skin

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Stratifying vascular disease patients into homogeneous subgroups using machine learning and FLAIR MRI biomarkers

Npj imaging

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Npj imaging 2024年第1期2卷 56页

作者： Karissa Chan Corinne Fischer Pejman Jabehdar Maralani Sandra E Black Alan R Moody April Khademi Department of Electrical Computer and Biomedical Engineering Toronto Metropolitan University Toronto ON Canada. Institute for Biomedical Engineering Science Tech (iBEST) a Partnership between St. Michael's Hospital and Toronto Metropolitan University Toronto ON Canada. Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science St. Michael's Hospital Unity Health Network Toronto ON Canada. Department of Medical Imaging University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada. Institute of Medical Science University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada. Horvitz Brain Sciences Research Program Sunnybrook Research Institute Toronto ON Canada. Division of Neurology Department of Medicine Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre Toronto ON Canada. L.C. Campbell Cognitive Neurology Research Unit Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre Toronto ON Canada. Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence Toronto ON Canada.

This study proposes a framework to stratify vascular disease patients based on brain health and cerebrovascular disease (CVD) risk using regional FLAIR biomarkers. Intensity and texture biomarkers were extracted from FLAIR volumes of 379 atherosclerosis patients. K-Means clustering identified five homogeneous subgroups. The 15 most important biomarkers for subgroup differentiation, identified via Random Forest classification, were used to generate biomarker profiles. ANOVA tests showed age and white matter lesion volume were significantly ( < 0.05) different across subgroups, while Fisher's tests revealed significant ( < 0.05) differences in the prevalence of several vascular risk factors across subgroup. Based on biomarker and clinical profiles, Subgroup 4 was characterized with neurodegeneration unrelated to CVD, Subgroup 3 identified patients with high CVD risk requiring aggressive intervention, and Subgroups 1, 2, and 5 identified patients with varying levels of moderate risk, suitable for long-term lifestyle interventions. This study supports personalized treatment and risk stratification based on FLAIR biomarkers.

关键词： Brain imaging Image processing

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CALET on the International Space Station: a precise measurement of the iron spectrum

CALET on the International Space Station: a precise measurem...

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2021 European physical Society Conference on High Energy Physics, EPS-HEP 2021

作者： Checchia, Caterina Stolzi, Francesco Akaike, Yosui Adriani, O. Akaike, Y. Asano, K. Asaoka, Y. Berti, E. Bigongiari, G. Binns, W.R. Bongi, M. Brogi, P. Bruno, A. Buckley, J.H. Cannady, N. Castellini, G. Checchia, C. Cherry, M.L. Collazuol, G. Ebisawa, K. Ficklin, A.W. Fuke, H. Gonzi, S. Guzik, T.G. Hams, T. Hibino, K. Ichimura, M. Ioka, K. Ishizaki, W. Israel, M.H. Kasahara, K. Kataoka, J. Kataoka, R. Katayose, Y. Kato, C. Kawanaka, N. Kawakubo, Y. Kobayashi, K. Kohri, K. Krawczynski, H.S. Krizmanic, J.F. Maestro, P. Marrocchesi, P.S. Messineo, A.M. Mitchell, J.W. Miyake, S. Moiseev, A.A. Mori, M. Mori, N. Motz, H.M. Munakata, K. Nakahira, S. Nishimura, J. de Nolfo, G.A. Okuno, S. Ormes, J.F. Ospina, N. Ozawa, S. Pacini, L. Papini, P. Rauch, B.F. Ricciarini, S.B. Sakai, K. Sakamoto, T. Sasaki, M. Shimizu, Y. Shiomi, A. Spillantini, P. Stolzi, F. Sugita, S. Sulaj, A. Takita, M. Tamura, T. Terasawa, T. Torii, S. Tsunesada, Y. Uchihori, Y. Vannuccini, E. Wefel, J.P. Yamaoka, K. Yanagita, S. Yoshida, A. Yoshida, K. Zober, W.V. JEM Utilization Center Human Spaceflight Technology Directorat Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 2-1-1 Sengen Ibaraki Tsukuba305-8505 Japan Department of Physics University of Florence Via Sansone 1 Sesto Fiorentino 50019 Italy INFN Sezione di Florence Via Sansone 1 Sesto Fiorentino 50019 Italy Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering Waseda University 17 Kikuicho Shinjuku Tokyo162-0044 Japan JEM Utilization Center Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 2-1-1 Sengen Ibaraki Tsukuba305-8505 Japan Institute for Cosmic Ray Research The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha Chiba Kashiwa277-8582 Japan Department of Physical Sciences Earth and Environment University of Siena via Roma 56 Siena53100 Italy INFN Sezione di Pisa Polo Fibonacci Largo B. Pontecorvo 3 Pisa56127 Italy Department of Physics McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences Washington University One Brookings Drive St. LouisMO63130-4899 United States Heliospheric Physics Laboratory NASA/GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Department of Physics Catholic University of America WashingtonDC20064 United States Center for Space Sciences and Technology University of Maryland Baltimore County 1000 Hilltop Circle BaltimoreMD21250 United States Astroparticle Physics Laboratory NASA/GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Center for Research and Exploration in Space Sciences and Technology NASA/GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Via Madonna del Piano 10 Sesto Fiorentino 50019 Italy Department of Physics and Astronomy Louisiana State University 202 Nicholson Hall Baton RougeLA70803 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Padova Via Marzolo 8 Padova35131 Italy INFN Sezione di Padova Via Marzolo 8 Padova35131 Italy Institute of Space and Astronautical Science Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 3-1-1 Yoshinodai Chuo Kanagawa Sagamihara252-5210 Japan Kanagawa University 3-27-1 Rokkaku

The Calorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) was launched on the International Space Station in 2015 and since then has collected a large sample of cosmic-ray charged particles over a wide energy. Thanks to a couple of layers of segmented plastic scintillators placed on top of the detector, the instrument is able to identify the charge of individual elements from proton to iron (and above). The imaging tungsten scintillating fiber calorimeter provides accurate particle tracking and the lead tungstate homogeneous calorimeter can measured the energy with a wide dynamic range. One of the CALET scientific objectives is to measure the energy spectra of cosmic rays to shed light on their acceleration and propagation in the Galaxy. By the observation in first five years, a precise measurement of the iron spectrum is now available in the range of kinetic energy per nucleon from 10 GeV/n to 2 TeV/n. The CALET's result with a description of the analysis and details on systematic uncertainties will be illustrated. Also, a comparison with previous experiments' results is given. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

关键词： Iron

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Claimed detection of PH3 in the clouds of Venus is consistent with mesospheric SO2

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Lincowski, Andrew P. Meadows, Victoria S. Crisp, David Akins, Alex B. Schwieterman, Edward W. Arney, Giada N. Wong, Michael L. Steffes, Paul G. Parenteau, M. Niki Domagal-Goldman, Shawn Department of Astronomy and Astrobiology Program University of Washington Box 351580 SeattleWA98195 United States NASA Nexus for Exoplanet System Science Virtual Planetary Laboratory Team University of Washington Box 351580 SeattleWA98195 United States Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Earth and Space Sciences Division PasadenaCA91011 United States Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Instruments Division PasadenaCA91011 United States Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of California RiversideCA92521 United States Blue Marble Space Institute of Science SeattleWA United States NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center GreenbeltMD20771 United States School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology AtlantaGA30332-0250 United States MS 239-4 Space Science Division NASA Ames Research Center Moffett FieldCA United States

The observation of a 266.94 GHz feature in the Venus spectrum has been attributed to PH3 in the Venus clouds, suggesting unexpected geological, chemical or even biological processes. Since both PH3 and SO2 are spectrally active near 266.94 GHz, the contribution to this line from SO2 must be determined before it can be attributed, in whole or part, to PH3. An undetected SO2 reference line, interpreted as an unexpectedly low SO2 abundance, suggested that the 266.94 GHz feature could be attributed primarily to PH3. However, the low SO2 and the inference that PH3 was in the cloud deck posed an apparent contradiction. Here we use a radiative transfer model to analyze the PH3 discovery, and explore the detectability of different vertical distributions of PH3 and SO2. We find that the 266.94 GHz line does not originate in the clouds, but above 80 km in the Venus mesosphere. This level of line formation is inconsistent with chemical modeling that assumes generation of PH3 in the Venus clouds. Given the extremely short chemical lifetime of PH3 in the Venus mesosphere, an implausibly high source flux would be needed to maintain the observed value of 20±10 ppb. We find that typical Venus SO2 vertical distributions and abundances fit the JCMT 266.94 GHz feature, and the resulting SO2 reference line at 267.54 GHz would have remained undetectable in the ALMA data due to line dilution. We conclude that nominal mesospheric SO2 is a more plausible explanation for the JCMT and ALMA data than PH3 © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Radiative transfer

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Discovery of charge order and corresponding edge state in kagome magnet FeGe

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Yin, Jia-Xin Jiang, Yu-Xiao Teng, Xiaokun Hossain, Md Shafayat Mardanya, Sougata Chang, Tay-Rong Ye, Zijin Xu, Gang Denner, M. Michael Neupert, Titus Lienhard, Benjamin Deng, Han-Bin Setty, Chandan Si, Qimiao Chang, Guoqing Guguchia, Zurab Gao, Bin Shumiya, Nana Zhang, Qi Cochran, Tyler A. Multer, Daniel Yi, Ming Dai, Pengcheng Hasan, M. Zahid Department of Physics Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice Center for Quantum Materials Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Physics National Cheng Kung University Tainan70101 Taiwan Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center School of Physics Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China Department of Physics University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 Zurich8057 Switzerland Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore639798 Singapore Laboratory for Muon Spin Spectroscopy Paul Scherrer Institute PSI VilligenCH-5232 Switzerland Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA94720 United States Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Quantum Science Center Oak RidgeTN37830 United States

Kagome materials often host exotic quantum phases, including spin liquids, Chern gap, charge density wave, and superconductivity. Existing scanning microscopy studies of the kagome charge order have been limited to non-kagome surface layers. Here we tunnel into the kagome lattice of FeGe to uncover features of the charge order. Our spectroscopic imaging identifies a 2×2 charge order in the magnetic kagome lattice, resembling that discovered in kagome superconductors. Spin-mapping across steps of unit-cell-height demonstrates the existence of spin-polarized electrons with an antiferromagnetic stacking order. We further uncover the correlation between antiferromagnetism and charge order anisotropy, highlighting the unusual magnetic coupling of the charge order. Finally, we detect a pronounced edge state within the charge order energy gap, which is robust against the irregular shape fluctuations of the kagome lattice edges. We discuss our results with the theoretically considered topological features of the kagome charge order including unconventional magnetism and bulk-boundary correspondence. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Germanium alloys

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Lysosomal dysfunction and inflammatory sterol metabolism in pulmonary arterial hypertension

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science (New York, N.Y.) 2025年第6732期387卷 eadn7277页

作者： Harvey, Lloyd D. Alotaibi, Mona Tai, Yi-Yin Tang, Ying Kim, Hee-Jung J Kelly, Neil J. Sun, Wei Woodcock, Chen-Shan C Arshad, Sanya Culley, Miranda K. El Khoury, Wadih Xie, Rong Al Aaraj, Yassmin Zhao, Jingsi Hafeez, Neha Rao, Rashmi J. Jiang, Siyi Negi, Vinny Kirillova, Anna Perk, Dror Watson, Annie M. St Croix, Claudette M. Stolz, Donna B. Lee, Ji Young Cheng, Mary Hongying Zhang, Manling Detmer, Samuel Guzman, Edward Manan, Rajith S. Saggar, Rajan Haley, Kathleen J. Waxman, Aaron B. Okawa, Satoshi Schwantes-An, Tae-Hwi Pauciulo, Michael W. Wang, Bing Webb, Amy Chauvet, Caroline Anderson, Daniel G. Nichols, William C. Desai, Ankit A. Lafyatis, Robert Nouraie, S Mehdi Wu, Haodi McDonald, Jeffrey G. Cheng, Susan Bahar, Ivet Bertero, Thomas Benza, Raymond L. Jain, Mohit Chan, Stephen Y. Medical Scientist Training Program University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA United States Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine Heart Lung Blood Vascular Medicine Institute University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA United States Division of Cardiology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh PA United States Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine University of California San Diego La Jolla CA United States Department of Medicine University of California La Jolla San Diego CA United States Department of Pharmacology University of California La Jolla San Diego CA United States Division of Cardiology Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System Pittsburgh PA United States Center for Biologic Imaging University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA United States Laufer Center for Physical and Quantitative Biology Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY United States Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY United States Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology Boston MA United States Institute of Medical Engineering and Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Boston MA United States School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University Cambridge MA United States Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Boston MA United States Department of Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Los Angeles CA USA Department of Pathology David Geffen School of Medicine UCLA Los Angeles CA United States Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA United States Department of Computational and Systems Biology University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA United States McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA United States Department of Medical and Molecular G

Vascular inflammation regulates endothelial pathophenotypes, particularly in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Dysregulated lysosomal activity and cholesterol metabolism activate pathogenic inflammation, but their relevance to PAH is unclear. Nuclear receptor coactivator 7 (NCOA7) deficiency in endothelium produced an oxysterol and bile acid signature through lysosomal dysregulation, promoting endothelial pathophenotypes. This oxysterol signature overlapped with a plasma metabolite signature associated with human PAH mortality. Mice deficient for endothelial Ncoa7 or exposed to an inflammatory bile acid developed worsened PAH. Genetic predisposition to NCOA7 deficiency was driven by single-nucleotide polymorphism rs11154337, which alters endothelial immunoactivation and is associated with human PAH mortality. An NCOA7-activating agent reversed endothelial immunoactivation and rodent PAH. Thus, we established a genetic and metabolic paradigm that links lysosomal biology and oxysterol processes to endothelial inflammation and PAH.

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A Brewster route to Cherenkov detectors

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Lin, Xiao Hu, Hao Easo, Sajan Yang, Yi Shen, Yichen Yin, Kezhen Blago, Michele Piero Kaminer, Ido Zhang, Baile Chen, Hongsheng Joannopoulos, John Soljačić, Marin Luo, Yu Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation ZJU-Hangzhou Global Science and Technology Innovation Center College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China International Joint Innovation Center ZJU-UIUC Institute Zhejiang University Haining314400 China School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University Nanyang Avenue 639798 Singapore DidcotOX110QX United Kingdom Research Laboratory of Electronics Department of Physics Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Lightelligence 268 Summer Street BostonMA02210 United States Mantaline Corporation 4754 E High Street MantuaOH44106 United States Geneva1211 Switzerland Cavendish Laboratory University of Cambridge CambridgeCB3 0HE United Kingdom Department of Electrical Engineering Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa32000 Israel Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies Nanyang Technological University 637371 Singapore

The Cherenkov effect enables a valuable tool, known as the Cherenkov detector, to identify high-energy particles via the measurement of the Cherenkov cone. However, the sensitivity and momentum coverage of such detectors are intrinsically limited by the refractive index of the host material. Especially, identifying particles with energy above multiple gigaelectronvolts requires host materials with a near-unity refractive index, which are often limited to large and bulky gas chambers. Overcoming this fundamental material limit is important for future particle detectors yet remains a long-standing scientific challenge. Here, we propose a different paradigm for Cherenkov detectors that utilizes the broadband angular filter made from stacks of variable one-dimensional photonic crystals. Owing to the Brewster effect, the angular filter is transparent only to Cherenkov photons from a precise incident angle, and particle identification is achieved by mapping each Cherenkov angle to the peak-intensity position of transmitted photons in the detection plane. This unique property of the angular filter is exceptionally beneficial to Cherenkov detection as it enables the realization of a non-dispersive pseudo refractive index over the entire visible spectrum. Moreover, such a pseudo refractive index can be flexibly tuned to arbitrary values, including those close to unity. Our angular-selective Brewster paradigm offers a feasible solution to implement compact and highly sensitive Cherenkov detectors especially in beam lines and it can cover a wide momentum range using readily available dielectric materials. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Cerenkov counters

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