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Commentaries on Viewpoint: Using V̇o2max as a marker of training status in athletes - can we do better?

Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) 2022年第1期133卷 148-164页

作者： Pedro L Valenzuela Manuel Mateo-March Xabier Muriel Mikel Zabala Alejandro Lucia David Barranco-Gil Grégoire P Millet Franck Brocherie Johannes Burtscher Martin Burtscher Benjamin J Ryan Rachel A Gioscia-Ryan Stephane Perrey Víctor Rodrigo-Carranza Fernando González-Mohíno José María González-Ravé Jordan Santos-Concejero Benedito S Denadai Camila C Greco Arturo Casado Carl Foster Raffaele Mazzolari Giulia Nicole Baldrighi Elisa Pastorio Davide Malatesta Aurélien Patoz Fabio Borrani Stephen J Ives Justin A DeBlauw Ricardo Dantas de Lucas Fernando Klitzke Borszcz Eduardo Marcel Fernandes Nascimento Luiz Guilherme Antonacci Guglielmo Tiago Turnes Richard T Jaspers Stephan van der Zwaard Romuald Lepers Julien Louis Anderson Meireles Hiago L. R. de Souza Géssyca T de Oliveira Marcelo P dos Santos Rhaí A Arriel Moacir Marocolo B Hunter S Meyler D Muniz-Pumares Renato M Ferreira Abigail S Sogard Stephen J Carter Timothy D Mickleborough Guilherme Pereira Saborosa Raphael Dinalli de Oliveira Freitas Paula Souza Alves dos Santos João Pedro de Souza Ferreira Francisco de Assis Manoel Sandro Fernandes da Silva Christoph Triska Bettina Karsten Dajo Sanders Elliot S Lipksi David J Spindler Matthijs K. C. Hesselink Rodrigo Zacca Márcio Fagundes Goethel David Bruce Pyne Brayden M Wood Peyton E Allen Jaden L Gabelhausen Alexandra M Keller Mast T Lige Alicia S Oumsang Greg L Smart Hunter L Paris Arthur H Dewolf Guillaume Toffoli Borja Martinez-Gonzalez Samuele M Marcora Daniela Terson de Paleville Ricardo J Fernandes Susana M Soares J. Arturo Abraldes Guilherme Matta Arthur Henrique Bossi D G McCarthy W Bostad J Gibala Mary Vagula Grupo de Investigación en Actividad física y Salud (PaHerg) Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12) Madrid Spain Faculty of Sport Sciences Universidad Europea de Madrid Madrid Spain Sport Science Department. Universidad Miguel Hernández Elche Spain Human Performance and Sports Science Laboratory Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Murcia Murcia Spain Department of Physical Education & Sport Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Granada Granada Spain Institute of Sport Sciences University of Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland Laboratory Sport Expertise and Performance (EA 7370) French Institute of Sport (INSEP) Paris France Department of Sport Science University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine Natick Massachusetts Department of Anesthesiology University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan EuroMov Digital Health in Motion University of Montpellier Montpellier France Sport Training Lab University of Castilla-La Mancha Toledo Spain Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida y de la Naturaleza Universidad Nebrija Madrid Spain Department of Physical Education and Sport University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Vitoria-Gasteiz Spain Human Performance Laboratory São Paulo State University Rio Claro Brazil Center for Sport Studies Rey Juan Carlos University Madrid Spain University of Wisconsin-La Crosse La Crosse Wisconsin Department of Physical Education and Sport University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) Vitoria-Gasteiz Spain Department of Molecular Medicine University of Pavia Pavia Italy Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences − Medical and Genomic Statistics Unit University of Pavia Pavia Italy Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health University of Milan Milan Italy Institute of Sport Sciences of University of Lausanne (ISSUL) University of Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland Health and Human Physiological Sciences Skidmore College Saratoga Springs New

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Comparative studies of optoelectrical properties of prominent PV materials: Halide Perovskite, CdTe, and GaAs

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Zhang, Fan Castaneda, Jose F. Chen, Shangshang Wu, Wuqiang DiNezza, Michael J. Lassise, Maxwell Nie, Wanyi Mohite, Aditya Liu, Yucheng Liu, Shengzhong Friedman, Daniel Liu, Henan Chen, Qiong Zhang, Yong-Hang Huang, Jinsong Zhang, Yong Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of North Carolina at Charlotte CharlotteNC28223 United States Department of Applied Physical Sciences University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel HillNC27599 United States School of Electrical Computer and Energy Engineering Arizona State University TempeAZ85287 United States Materials Physics and Application Division Los Alamos National Laboratory Los AlamosNM87545 United States Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department of Material Science and Nanoengineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry National Ministry of Education Institute for Advanced Energy Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an710062 China National Renewable Energy Laboratory GoldenCO80401 United States

We compare three representative high performance PV materials: halide perovskite MAPbI3, CdTe, and GaAs, in terms of photoluminescence (PL) efficiency, PL lineshape, carrier diffusion, and surface recombination, over multiple orders of photo-excitation density. An analytic model is used to describe the excitation density dependence of PL intensity and extract the internal PL efficiency and multiple pertinent recombination parameters. A PL imaging technique is used to obtain carrier diffusion length without using a PL quencher, thus, free of unintended influence beyond pure diffusion. Our results show that perovskite samples tend to exhibit lower Shockley-Read-Hall (SRH) recombination rate in both bulk and surface, thus higher PL efficiency than the inorganic counterparts, particularly under low excitation density, even with no or preliminary surface passivation. PL lineshape and diffusion analysis indicate that there is considerable structural disordering in the perovskite materials, and thus photo-generated carriers are not in global thermal equilibrium, which in turn suppresses the nonradiative recombination. This study suggests that relatively low point-defect density, less detrimental surface recombination, and moderate structural disordering contribute to the high PV efficiency in the perovskite. This comparative photovoltaics study provides more insights into the fundamental material science and the search for optimal device designs by learning from different technologies. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Perovskite

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Measurement of the iron spectrum in cosmic rays from 10 GeV/n to 2.0 TeV/n with the calorimetric electron telescope on the international space station

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Adriani, O. Akaike, Y. Asano, K. Asaoka, Y. Berti, E. Bigongiari, G. Binns, W.R. Bongi, M. Brogi, P. Bruno, A. Buckley, J.H. Cannady, N. Castellini, G. Checchia, Caterina Cherry, M.L. Collazuol, G. Ebisawa, K. Fuke, H. Gonzi, S. Guzik, T.G. Hams, T. Hibino, K. Ichimura, M. Ioka, K. Ishizaki, W. Israel, M.H. Kasahara, K. Kataoka, J. Kataoka, R. Katayose, Y. Kato, C. Kawanaka, N. Kawakubo, Y. Kobayashi, K. Kohri, K. Krawczynski, H.S. Krizmanic, J.F. Link, J. Maestro, P. Marrocchesi, P.S. Messineo, A.M. Mitchell, J.W. Miyake, S. Moiseev, A.A. Mori, M. Mori, N. Motz, H.M. Munakata, K. Nakahira, S. Nishimura, J. de Nolfo, G.A. Okuno, S. Ormes, J.F. Ospina, N. Ozawa, S. Pacini, L. Papini, P. Rauch, B.F. Ricciarini, S.B. Sakai, K. Sakamoto, T. Sasaki, M. Shimizu, Y. Shiomi, A. Spillantini, P. Stolzi, F. Sugita, S. Sulaj, A. Takita, M. Tamura, T. Terasawa, T. Torii, S. Tsunesada, Y. Uchihori, Y. Vannuccini, E. Wefel, J.P. Yamaoka, K. Yanagita, S. Yoshida, A. Yoshida, K. Department of Physics University of Florence Via Sansone 1 Sesto Fiorentino50019 Italy INFN Sezione di Florence Via Sansone 1 Sesto Fiorentino50019 Italy Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering Waseda University 17 Kikuicho Shinjuku Tokyo162-0044 Japan JEM Utilization Center Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 2-1-1 Sengen Ibaraki Tsukuba305-8505 Japan Institute for Cosmic Ray Research University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha Chiba Kashiwa277-8582 Japan Department of Physical Sciences Earth and Environment University of Siena via Roma 56 Siena53100 Italy INFN Sezione di Pisa Polo Fibonacci Largo B. Pontecorvo Pisa3-56127 Italy Department of Physics McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences Washington University One Brookings Drive St. LouisMO63130-4899 United States Heliospheric Physics Laboratory NASA GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Center for Space Sciences and Technology University of Maryland Baltimore County 1000 Hilltop Circle BaltimoreMD21250 United States Astroparticle Physics Laboratory NASA GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Center for Research and Exploration in Space Sciences and Technology NASA GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Via Madonna del Piano 10 Sesto Fiorentino50019 Italy Department of Physics and Astronomy Louisiana State University 202 Nicholson Hall Baton RougeLA70803 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Padova Via Marzolo 8 Padova35131 Italy INFN Sezione di Padova Via Marzolo 8 Padova35131 Italy Institute of Space and Astronautical Science Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 3-1-1 Yoshinodai Chuo Kanagawa Sagamihara252-5210 Japan Kanagawa University 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi Kanagawa Yokohama Kanagawa221-8686 Japan Faculty of Science and Technology Graduate School of Science and Technology Hirosaki University 3 Bunkyo Hirosaki Aomori036-8561 Japan Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics Kyoto

The Calorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET), in operation on the International Space Station since 2015, collected a large sample of cosmic-ray iron over a wide energy interval. In this Letter a measurement of the iron spectrum is presented in the range of kinetic energy per nucleon from 10 GeV/n to 2.0 TeV/n allowing the inclusion of iron in the list of elements studied with unprecedented precision by space-borne instruments. The measurement is based on observations carried out from January 2016 to May 2020. The CALET instrument can identify individual nuclear species via a measurement of their electric charge with a dynamic range extending far beyond iron (up to atomic number Z = 40). The energy is measured by a homogeneous calorimeter with a total equivalent thickness of 1.2 proton interaction lengths preceded by a thin (3 radiation lengths) imaging section providing tracking and energy sampling. The analysis of the data and the detailed assessment of systematic uncertainties are described and results are compared with the findings of previous experiments. The observed differential spectrum is consistent within the errors with previous experiments. In the region from 50 GeV/n to 2 TeV/n our present data are compatible with a single power law with spectral index −2.60 ± 0.03. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Iron

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Author Correction: Multidimensional nanoscopic chiroptics

Nature Reviews Physics

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Nature Reviews Physics 2022年 138页

作者： Yang Chen Qing Zhang Cheng-Wei Qiu Wei Du Oscar Ávalos-Ovando Alexander O. Govorov Jing Wu Qing-Hua Xu Na Liu Hiromi Okamoto Qihua Xiong Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behaviour and Design of Materials Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore Singapore Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Soochow University Suzhou China Department of Physics and Astronomy Ohio University Athens OH USA Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE) Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore Singapore Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore 2nd Physics Institute University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research Stuttgart Germany Institute for Molecular Science and the Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI) Okazaki Aichi Japan State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics Tsinghua University Beijing China Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences (BAQIS) Beijing China

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LST-1 observations of an enormous flare of BL Lacertae in 2021

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Nozaki, Seiya Asano, Katsuaki Escudero, Juan Emery, Gabriel Priyadarshi, Chaitanya Abe, K. Abe, S. Aguasca-Cabot, A. Agudo, I. Crespo, N. Alvarez Antonelli, L.A. Aramo, C. Arbet-Engels, A. Arcaro, C. Artero, M. Asano, K. Aubert, P. Baktash, A. Bamba, A. Larriva, A. Baquero Baroncelli, L. de Almeida, U. Barres Barrio, J.A. Batkovic, I. Baxter, J. González, J. Becerra Bernardini, E. Bernardos, M.I. Medrano, J. Bernete Berti, A. Bhattacharjee, P. Biederbeck, N. Bigongiari, C. Bissaldi, E. Blanch, O. Bonnoli, G. Bordas, P. Bulgarelli, A. Burelli, I. Burmistrov, L. Buscemi, M. Cardillo, M. Caroff, S. Carosi, A. Carrasco, M.S. Cassol, F. Cauz, D. Cerasole, D. Ceribella, G. Chai, Y. Cheng, K. Chiavassa, A. Chikawa, M. Chytka, L. Cifuentes, A. Contreras, J.L. Cortina, J. Costantini, H. Dalchenko, M. Dazzi, F. De Angelis, A. de Lavergne, M. de Bony De Lotto, B. De Lucia, M. de Menezes, R. Del Peral, L. Deleglise, G. Delgado, C. Mengual, J. Delgado della Volpe, D. Dellaiera, M. Di Piano, A. Di Pierro, F. Di Pilato, A. Di Tria, R. Di Venere, L. Díaz, C. Dominik, R.M. Prester, D. Dominis Donini, A. Dorner, D. Doro, M. Eisenberger, L. Elsässer, D. Emery, G. Escudero, J. Ramazani, V. Fallah Ferrara, G. Ferrarotto, F. Fiasson, A. Foffano, L. Coromina, L. Freixas Fröse, S. Fukami, S. Fukazawa, Y. Garcia, E. López, R. Garcia Gasbarra, C. Gasparrini, D. Geyer, D. Paiva, J. Giesbrecht Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Gliwny, P. Godinovic, N. Grau, R. Green, J. Green, D. Gunji, S. Günther, P. Hackfeld, J. Hadasch, D. Hahn, A. Hashiyama, K. Hassan, T. Hayashi, K. Heckmann, L. Heller, M. Llorente, J. Herrera Hirotani, K. Hoffmann, D. Horns, D. Houles, J. Hrabovsky, M. Hrupec, D. Hui, D. Hütten, M. Iarlori, M. Imazawa, R. Inada, T. Inome, Y. Ioka, K. Iori, M. Ishio, K. Martinez, I. Jimenez Jurysek, J. Kagaya, M. Karas, V. Katagiri, H. Kataoka, J. Kerszberg, D. Kobayashi, Y. Kohri, K. Kong, A. Kubo, H. Kushida, J. Lainez, M. Lamanna, G. Lamastra, A. Le Flour, T. Linhoff, M. Longo, F. López-Coto, R. Max-Planck-Institut für Physik Föhringer Ring 6 München80805 Germany Institute for Cosmic Ray Research University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-ha Chiba Kashiwa277-8582 Japan Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n Granada18008 Spain Aix Marseille Univ CNRS IN2P3 CPPM Marseille France The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Campus UAB Bellaterra Barcelona08193 Spain Department of Physics Tokai University Japan Institute for Cosmic Ray Research University of Tokyo Japan Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica Institut de Ciències del Cosmos Universitat de Barcelona IEEC-UB Spain Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC Spain EMFTEL department IPARCOS Universidad Complutense de Madrid Spain INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma Italy INFN Sezione di Napoli Italy Max-Planck-Institut für Physik Germany INFN Sezione di Padova Università degli Studi di Padova Italy The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Spain LAPP Univ. Grenoble Alpes Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc CNRS-IN2P3 Annecy France Universität Hamburg Institut für Experimentalphysik Germany Graduate School of Science University of Tokyo Japan Universidad del Azuay Ecuador INAF - Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello spazio di Bologna Italy Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas Brazil Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias Departamento de Astrofísica Universidad de La Laguna Spain CIEMAT Spain Department of Physics TU Dortmund University Germany INFN Sezione di Bari Politecnico di Bari Italy INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera Italy INFN Sezione di Trieste Università degli Studi di Udine Italy University of Geneva Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire Switzerland INFN Sezione di Catania Italy Italy Aix Marseille Univ CNRS IN2P3 CPPM France INFN Sezione di Bari Università di Bari Italy INFN Sezione di Torino Italy Palacky University Olomouc Faculty of Science Czech Republic University of Alcalá UAH Spain P

The first prototype of LST (LST-1) for the Cherenkov Telescope Array has been in commissioning phase since 2018 and already started scientific observations with the low energy threshold around a few tens of GeV. In 2021, LST-1 observed BL Lac following the alerts based on multi-wavelength observations and detected prominent gamma-ray flares. In addition to the daily flux variability, LST-1 also detected sub-hour-scale intra-night variability reaching 3–4 times higher than the gamma-ray flux from the Crab Nebula above 100 GeV. In this proceeding, we will report the analysis results of LST-1 observations of BL Lac in 2021, especially focusing on flux variability. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Gamma rays

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Large exotic spin torques in antiferromagnetic iron rhodium

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Gibbons, Jonathan Dohi, Takaaki Amin, Vivek P. Xue, Fei Ren, Haowen Xu, Jun-Wen Arava, Hanu Shim, Soho Saglam, Hilal Liu, Yuzi Pearson, John E. Mason, Nadya Petford-Long, Amanda K. Haney, Paul M. Stiles, Mark D. Fullerton, Eric E. Kent, Andrew D. Fukami, Shunsuke Hoffmann, Axel University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL61801 United States Materials Research Laboratory University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL61801 United States Materials Science Division Argonne National Laboratory LemontIL60439 United States University of California San Diego San DiegoCA92093 United States Laboratory for Nanoelectronics and Spintronics Research Institute of Electrical Communications Tohoku University Sendai980-8577 Japan Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis IndianapolisIN46202 United States Physical Measurement Laboratory National Institute of Standards and Technology GaithersburgMD20899 United States Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics & Maryland Nanocenter University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Center for Quantum Phenomena New York University New YorkNY10003 United States Center for Memory and Recording Research University of California San Diego San DiegoCA92093 United States Northwestern-Argonne Institute of Science and Engineering Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL61801 United States Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Center for Nanoscale Materials Argonne National Laboratory LemontIL60439 United States Physical Measurement Laboratory National Institute of Standards and Technology GaithersburgMD20899 United States

Spin torque is a promising tool for driving magnetization dynamics for novel computing technologies. These torques can be easily produced by spin-orbit effects, but for most conventional spin source materials, a high degree of crystal symmetry limits the geometry of the spin torques produced. Magnetic ordering is one way to reduce the symmetry of a material and allow exotic torques, and antiferromagnets are particularly promising because they are robust against external fields. We present spin torque ferromagnetic resonance measurements and second harmonic Hall measurements characterizing the spin torques in antiferromagnetic iron rhodium alloy. We report extremely large, strongly temperature-dependent exotic spin torques with a geometry apparently defined by the magnetic ordering direction. We find the spin torque efficiency of iron rhodium to be (330±150) % at 170 K and (91±32) % at room temperature. We support our conclusions with theoretical calculations showing how the antiferromagnetic ordering in iron rhodium gives rise to such exotic torques. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Iron alloys

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Author Correction: Battery-free, wireless soft sensors for continuous multi-site measurements of pressure and temperature from patients at risk for pressure injuries

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Nature communications 2021年第1期12卷 6827页

作者： Yong Suk Oh Jae-Hwan Kim Zhaoqian Xie Seokjoo Cho Hyeonseok Han Sung Woo Jeon Minsu Park Myeong Namkoong Raudel Avila Zhen Song Sung-Uk Lee Kabseok Ko Jungyup Lee Je-Sang Lee Weon Gi Min Byeong-Ju Lee Myungwoo Choi Ha Uk Chung Jongwon Kim Mengdi Han Jahyun Koo Yeon Sik Choi Sung Soo Kwak Sung Bong Kim Jeonghyun Kim Jungil Choi Chang-Mo Kang Jong Uk Kim Kyeongha Kwon Sang Min Won Janice Mihyun Baek Yujin Lee So Young Kim Wei Lu Abraham Vazquez-Guardado Hyoyoung Jeong Hanjun Ryu Geumbee Lee Kyuyoung Kim Seunghwan Kim Min Seong Kim Jungrak Choi Dong Yun Choi Quansan Yang Hangbo Zhao Wubin Bai Hokyung Jang Yongjoon Yu Jaeman Lim Xu Guo Bong Hoon Kim Seokwoo Jeon Charles Davies Anthony Banks Hyung Jin Sung Yonggang Huang Inkyu Park John A Rogers Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics Northwestern University Evanston IL USA. Department of Mechanical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Daejeon Republic of Korea. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL USA. Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign Urbana IL USA. Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics Northwestern University Evanston IL USA. State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment Department of Engineering Mechanics Dalian University of Technology Dalian People's Republic of China. Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology Ningbo People's Republic of China. Department of Biomedical Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX USA. Department of Mechanical Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL USA. Advanced 3D Printing Technology Development Division Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute Daejeon Republic of Korea. Qualcomm Institute La Jolla CA USA. Sibel Health Inc Niles IL USA. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Gimhae Hansol Rehabilitation & Convalescent Hospital Gimhae Republic of Korea. Department of Planning and Development Gimhae Hansol Rehabilitation & Convalescent Hospital Gimhae Republic of Korea. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Pusan national university hospital Busan Republic of Korea. Department of Materials Science and Engineering KAIST Institute for The Nanocentury (KINC) Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Daejeon Republic of Korea. Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL USA. Department of Mechanical Engineering Kyung Hee University Yongin Republic of Korea. Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Future Technology Peking University Beijing People's Republic of China. School of Biomedical Engineering Korea University Seoul Republic of Korea. Interdisci

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The second data release from the European Pulsar Timing Array: III. Search for gravitational wave signals

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ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS 2023年 678卷

作者： [Anonymous] Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Roorkee 247667 India Department of Electrical Engineering IIT Hyderabad Kandi Telangana 502284 India Université Paris Cité CNRS Astroparticule et Cosmologie 75013 Paris France The Institute of Mathematical Sciences C. I. T. Campus Taramani Chennai 600113 India Homi Bhabha National Institute Training School Complex Anushakti Nagar Mumbai 400094 India Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie Auf dem Hügel 69 53121 Bonn Germany Fakultät für Physik Universität Bielefeld Postfach 100131 33501 Bielefeld Germany ASTRON Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy Oude Hoogeveensedijk 4 7991 PD Dwingeloo The Netherlands Department of Physical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali Punjab 140306 India Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l’Environnement et de l’Espace Université d’Orléans/CNRS 45071 Orléans Cedex 02 France Observatoire Radioastronomique de Nançay Observatoire de Paris Université PSL Université d’Orléans CNRS 18330 Nançay France Dipartimento di Fisica “G. Occhialini” Universitá degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca Piazza della Scienza 3 20126 Milano Italy INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca Piazza della Scienza 3 20126 Milano Italy INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera via Brera 20 20121 Milano Italy Institute for Gravitational Wave Astronomy and School of Physics and Astronomy University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari via della Scienza 5 09047 Selargius (CA) Italy Hellenic Open University School of Science and Technology 26335 Patras Greece Institute of Astrophysics FORTH N. Plastira 100 70013 Heraklion Greece Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics Peking University Beijing 100871 PR China Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Homi Bhabha Road Navy Nagar Colaba Mumbai 400005

We present the results of the search for an isotropic stochastic gravitational wave background (GWB) at nanohertz frequencies using the second data release of the European Pulsar Timing Array (EPTA) for 25 millisecond pulsars and a combination with the first data release of the Indian Pulsar Timing Array (InPTA). A robust GWB detection is conditioned upon resolving the Hellings-Downs angular pattern in the pairwise cross-correlation of the pulsar timing residuals. Additionally, the GWB is expected to yield the same (common) spectrum of temporal correlations across pulsars, which is used as a null hypothesis in the GWB search. Such a common-spectrum process has already been observed in pulsar timing data. We analysed (i) the full 24.7-year EPTA data set, (ii) its 10.3-year subset based on modern observing systems, (iii) the combination of the full data set with the first data release of the InPTA for ten commonly timed millisecond pulsars, and (iv) the combination of the 10.3-year subset with the InPTA data. These combinations allowed us to probe the contributions of instrumental noise and interstellar propagation effects. With the full data set, we find marginal evidence for a GWB, with a Bayes factor of four and a false alarm probability of 4%. With the 10.3-year subset, we report evidence for a GWB, with a Bayes factor of 60 and a false alarm probability of about 0.1% (greater than or similar to 3 sigma significance). The addition of the InPTA data yields results that are broadly consistent with the EPTA-only data sets, with the benefit of better noise modelling. Analyses were performed with different data processing pipelines to test the consistency of the results from independent software packages. The latest EPTA data from new generation observing systems show non-negligible evidence for the GWB. At the same time, the inferred spectrum is rather uncertain and in mild tension with the common signal measured in the full data set. However, if the spectral index is

关键词： gravitational waves methods: data analysis pulsars: general

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Terahertz polarization converter based on all-dielectric high birefringence metamaterial with elliptical air holes

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Optics Communications 2018年 416卷 130-136页

作者： Jianchen Zi Quan Xu Qiu Wang Chunxiu Tian Yanfeng Li Xixiang Zhang Jiaguang Han Weili Zhang Center for Terahertz Waves College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering Tianjin University Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Technology (Ministry of Education of China) Tianjin 300072 People’s Republic of China Division of Physical Science and Engineering King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Oklahoma State University Stillwater OK 74078 USA

Metamaterials have been widely applied in the polarization conversion of terahertz (THz) waves. However, common plasmonic metamaterials usually work as reflective devices and have low transmissions. All-dielectric metamaterials can overcome these shortcomings. An all-dielectric metamaterial based on silicon with elliptical air holes is reported to achieve high artificial birefringence at THz frequencies. Simulations show that with appropriate structural parameters the birefringence of the dielectric metamaterial can remain flat and is above 0.7 within a broad band. Moreover, the metamaterial can be designed as a broadband quarter wave plate. A sample metamaterial was fabricated and tested to prove the validity of the simulations, and the sample could work as a quarter wave plate at 1.76 THz. The all-dielectric metamaterial that we proposed is of great significance for high performance THz polarization converters.

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The second data release from the European Pulsar Timing Array: II. Customised pulsar noise models for spatially correlated gravitational waves

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ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS 2023年 678卷

作者： [Anonymous] Institute of Astrophysics FORTH N. Plastira 100 70013 Heraklion Greece Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie Auf dem Hügel 69 53121 Bonn Germany Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Roorkee-247667 India Department of Electrical Engineering IIT Hyderabad Kandi Telangana 502284 India Université Paris-Cité CNRS Astroparticule et Cosmologie 75013 Paris France The Institute of Mathematical Sciences C. I. T. Campus Taramani Chennai 600113 India Homi Bhabha National Institute Training School Complex Anushakti Nagar Mumbai 400094 India Fakultät für Physik Universität Bielefeld Postfach 100131 33501 Bielefeld Germany ASTRON Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy Oude Hoogeveensedijk 4 7991 PD Dwingeloo The Netherlands Department of Physical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali Punjab 140306 India Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l’Environnement et de l’Espace Université d’Orléans / CNRS 45071 Orléans Cedex 02 France Observatoire Radioastronomique de Nançay Observatoire de Paris Université PSL Université d’Orléans CNRS 18330 Nançay France Dipartimento di Fisica “G. Occhialini” Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca Piazza della Scienza 3 20126 Milano Italy INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca Piazza della Scienza 3 20126 Milano Italy INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera via Brera 20 20121 Milano Italy Institute for Gravitational Wave Astronomy and School of Physics and Astronomy University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari via della Scienza 5 09047 Selargius (CA) Italy Hellenic Open University School of Science and Technology 26335 Patras Greece Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics Peking University Beijing 100871 PR China Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Homi Bhabha Road Navy Nagar Colaba Mumbai

Aims. The nanohertz gravitational wave background (GWB) is expected to be an aggregate signal of an ensemble of gravitational waves emitted predominantly by a large population of coalescing supermassive black hole binaries in the centres of merging galaxies. Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs), which are ensembles of extremely stable pulsars at approximately kiloparsec distances precisely monitored for decades, are the most precise experiments capable of detecting this background. However, the subtle imprints that the GWB induces on pulsar timing data are obscured by many sources of noise that occur on various timescales. These must be carefully modelled and mitigated to increase the sensitivity to the background ***. In this paper, we present a novel technique to estimate the optimal number of frequency coefficients for modelling achromatic and chromatic noise, while selecting the preferred set of noise models to use for each pulsar. We also incorporated a new model to fit for scattering variations in the Bayesian pulsar timing package temponest. These customised noise models enable a more robust characterisation of single-pulsar noise. We developed a software package based on tempo2 to create realistic simulations of European Pulsar Timing Array (EPTA) datasets that allowed us to test the efficacy of our noise modelling ***. Using these techniques, we present an in-depth analysis of the noise properties of 25 millisecond pulsars (MSPs) that form the second data release (DR2) of the EPTA and investigate the effect of incorporating low-frequency data from the Indian Pulsar Timing Array collaboration for a common sample of ten MSPs. We used two packages, enterprise and temponest, to estimate our noise models and compare them with those reported using EPTA DR1. We find that, while in some pulsars we can successfully disentangle chromatic from achromatic noise owing to the wider frequency coverage in DR2, in others the noise models evolve in a much mo

关键词： pulsars: general gravitational waves methods: statistical

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