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A 4.5 μW Miniaturized 3-Channel Wireless Intra-Cardiac Acquisition System

IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems 2023年第5期17卷 1097-1110页

作者： Rezaeiyan, Yasser Koolivand, Yarallah Zamani, Milad Shoaei, Omid Akbari, Meysam Moradi, Farshad Tang, Kea-Tiong Integrated Circuits and Electronics Laboratory Department of Engineering Aarhus University Aarhus8200 Denmark Electrical Engineering KN Toosi University of Technology Tehran15418-49611 Iran Bio-Integrated Systems Lab School of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Tehran Tehran*** Iran Department of Electrical Engineering University of Kurdistan Sanandaj*** Iran Department of Electrical Engineering National TsingHua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan

This article presents a chip designed for wireless intra-cardiac monitoring systems. The design consists of a three-channel analog front-end, a pulse-width modulator featuring output-frequency offset and temperature calibration, and inductive data telemetry. By employing a resistance boosting technique in the instrumentation amplifier feedback, the pseudo-resistor exhibits lower non-linearity, leading to a total harmonic distortion of below 0.1%. Furthermore, the boosting technique enhances the feedback resistance, leading to a reduction in the size of the feedback capacitor and, consequently, the overall size. To make the modulator's output frequency resilient to temperature and process changes, coarse and fine-tuning algorithms are used. The front-end channel is capable of extracting the intra-cardiac signal with an effective number of bits of 8.9, while exhibiting an input-referred noise of less than 2.7 μ Vrms, and consuming 200 nW per channel. The front-end output is encoded by an ASK-PWM modulator, which drives an on-chip transmitter at 13.56 MHz. The proposed System-on-Chip (SoC) is fabricated in a 0.18 μ m standard CMOS technology and consumes 4.5 μW while occupying 1.125 mm2. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Transmitters

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Design and Analysis of a UWB Slotted Vivaldi Antenna for Microwave Imaging Applications

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IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing 2023年第4期12卷 350-357页

作者： Paul, Liton Chandra Majumder, Akash Rani, Tithi Hossain, Md. Najmul Rahim, Md. Abdur Shin, Jungpil Yun, Keun Soo Department of Electrical Electronic and Communication Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Technology Pabna University of Science and Technology Pabna6600 Bangladesh Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering Faculty of Electrical & Computer Engineering Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology Rajshahi6204 Bangladesh Department of Computer Science and Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Technology Pabna University of Science and Technology Pabna6600 Bangladesh School of Computer Science and Engineering The University of Aizu / Fukushima Aizuwakamatsu965-8580 Japan School of Computer and Information Technology Ulsan College / Dong-gu Ulsan44610 Korea Republic of

An ultra-wideband (UWB) slotted compact Vivaldi antenna with a microstrip line feed was evaluated for microwave imaging (MI) applications. The recommended FR4 substrate-based Vivaldi antenna is 50×50×1.5 mm3 in size. The proposed compact Vivaldi antenna showed good radiation characteristics and spanned an ultra-wide bandwidth of 10 GHz, ranging from 3.6 to 13.6 GHz, using a microstrip line feed with a radial stub, tapered slots, and resonant cavities. After analyzing the simulation findings, the proposed compact slotted UWB Vivaldi antenna was compared with the basic Vivaldi antenna. The maximum gain and efficiency were 7.35 dB and 82%, respectively. The antenna was simulated in the time domain using the computer simulation technology (CST) microwave studio. The frequency domain solver was also used for cross-validation, and the results were equally good. In conclusion, the proposed compact Vivaldi antenna is a good option for microwave imaging applications. © 2023 The Institute of electronics and Information Engineers.

关键词： Cavity resonators

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Entanglement Distribution in Packet-Switched Quantum Wrapper Network

Entanglement Distribution in Packet-Switched Quantum Wrapper...

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2024 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2024

作者： On, Mehmet Berkay Proietti, Roberto Gül, Gamze Kanter, Gregory S. Singh, Sandeep Kumar Kumar, Prem Ben Yoo, S.J. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Davis DavisCA95616 United States Department of Electronics and Telecommunications Engineering Politecnico di Torino Italy Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee India

We experimentally demonstrate entanglement distribution between a source and two distinct destination nodes in a packet-switched quantum network with >86% fidelity, where the packets consist of classical bits as la... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171395

关键词： Packet switching

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Differential Coaxial Coils for Frequency Independent Deep Magnetic Focusing on Implantable Devices

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IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 2025年第6期73卷 3792-3801页

作者： Shah, Syed Ahson Ali Kim, Ye R. Kim, Yun-Su Jeong, Seog Y. Rim, Chun T. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Gwangju61005 Korea Republic of R&d Campus Samsung Electronics Company Ltd. Seoul06765 Korea Republic of

Magnetic field focusing in longitudinal direction has been a missing link for three-dimensional synthesized magnetic focusing (3-D SMF). Deep magnetic focusing (DMF) by multiple coaxial coils, a sort of 3-D SMF, is firstly proposed in this paper, where magnetic field becomes maximum at the focal range in longitudinal direction. DMF is requisite for transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and wireless power transfer (WPT). As the simplest DMF, a set of differential coils with opposite current direction is implemented. Optimum coil currents, coil radii, and coil distance are designed to provide with zero magnetic field at zero range and maximum magnetic field at a focal range. This DMF performance is found to be achieved with a penalty of peak magnetic field reduction. Experiments for the differential coils of diameters 10 cm and 5 cm with 3 cm gap showed 4 cm depth DMF within 6 cm diameter. Specific numbers of turns make the DMF be driven by only a single voltage source, which is firstly adopted in SMF. The frequency versatile DMF characteristic is experimentally verified for 60 Hz and 40 kHz, where 27mW is delivered to a focal point that is a demonstration for safer WPT of implantable devices. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Inductive power transmission

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Federated Multiarmed Bandits Under Byzantine Attacks

IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence

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IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence 2025年第6期6卷 1488-1501页

作者： Saday, Artun Demirel, Ilker Yildirim, Yigit Tekin, Cem Bilkent University Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Ankara06800 Turkey Massachusetts Institute of Technology Computer Science & Artificial Intelligence Laboratory CambridgeMA02139 United States

Multiarmed bandits (MAB) is a sequential decision-making model in which the learner controls the trade-off between exploration and exploitation to maximize its cumulative reward. Federated multiarmed bandits (FMAB) is an emerging framework where a cohort of learners with heterogeneous local models play an MAB game and communicate their aggregated feedback to a server to learn a globally optimal arm. Two key hurdles in FMAB are communication-efficient learning and resilience to adversarial attacks. To address these issues, we study the FMAB problem in the presence of Byzantine clients who can send false model updates threatening the learning process. We analyze the sample complexity and the regret of β-optimal arm identification. We borrow tools from robust statistics and propose a median-of-means (MoM)-based online algorithm, Fed-MoM-UCB, to cope with Byzantine clients. In particular, we show that if the Byzantine clients constitute less than half of the cohort, the cumulative regret with respect to \beta-optimal arms is bounded over time with high probability, showcasing both communication efficiency and Byzantine resilience. We analyze the interplay between the algorithm parameters, a discernibility margin, regret, communication cost, and the arms’ suboptimality gaps. We demonstrate Fed-MoM-UCB's effectiveness against the baselines in the presence of Byzantine attacks via experiments. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Federated learning

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An Enhanced Integrated Method for Healthcare Data Classification with Incompleteness

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computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第11期81卷 3125-3145页

作者： Sonia Goel Meena Tushir Jyoti Arora Tripti Sharma Deepali Gupta Ali Nauman Ghulam Muhammad Electrical and Electronics Engineering(EEE)Department Maharaja Surajmal Institute of TechnologyNew-Delhi110058India Information Technology(IT)Department Maharaja Surajmal Institute of TechnologyNew-Delhi110058India Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology Chitkara UniversityRajpuraPunjab140401India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsan-si38541Republic of Korea Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11421Saudi Arabia

In numerous real-world healthcare applications,handling incomplete medical data poses significant challenges for missing value imputation and subsequent clustering or classification *** approaches often rely on statistical methods for imputation,which may yield suboptimal results and be computationally *** paper aims to integrate imputation and clustering techniques to enhance the classification of incomplete medical data with improved *** classification methods are ill-suited for incomplete medical *** enhance efficiency without compromising accuracy,this paper introduces a novel approach that combines imputation and clustering for the classification of incomplete ***,the linear interpolation imputation method alongside an iterative Fuzzy c-means clustering method is applied and followed by a classification *** effectiveness of the proposed approach is evaluated using multiple performance metrics,including accuracy,precision,specificity,and *** encouraging results demonstrate that our proposed method surpasses classical approaches across various performance criteria.

关键词： Incomplete data nearest neighbor linear interpolation imputation clustering classification

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Digital Twin-Based Automated Fault Diagnosis in Industrial IoT Applications

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computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第4期75卷 183-196页

作者： Samah Alshathri Ezz El-Din Hemdan Walid El-Shafai Amged Sayed Department of Information Technology College of Computer and Information SciencesPrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityP.O.Box 84428Riyadh11671Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science and Engineering Faculty of Electronic EngineeringMenoufia UniversityMenouf32952Egypt Computer Science Department Security Engineering LabPrince Sultan UniversityRiyadh11586Saudi Arabia Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering Faculty of Electronic EngineeringMenoufia UniversityMenouf32952Egypt Department of Industrial Electronics and Control Engineering Faculty of Electronic EngineeringMenoufia UniversityMenouf32952Egypt Department of Electrical Energy Engineering College of Engineering&TechnologyArab Academy for Science Technology&Maritime TransportSmart Village CampusEgypt

In recent years, Digital Twin (DT) has gained significant interestfrom academia and industry due to the advanced in information technology,communication systems, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Cloud Computing (CC),and Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). The main concept of the DT isto provide a comprehensive tangible, and operational explanation of anyelement, asset, or system. However, it is an extremely dynamic taxonomydeveloping in complexity during the life cycle that produces a massive amountof engendered data and information. Likewise, with the development of AI,digital twins can be redefined and could be a crucial approach to aid theInternet of Things (IoT)-based DT applications for transferring the data andvalue onto the Internet with better decision-making. Therefore, this paperintroduces an efficient DT-based fault diagnosis model based on machinelearning (ML) tools. In this framework, the DT model of the machine isconstructed by creating the simulation model. In the proposed framework,the Genetic algorithm (GA) is used for the optimization task to improvethe classification accuracy. Furthermore, we evaluate the proposed faultdiagnosis framework using performance metrics such as precision, accuracy,F-measure, and recall. The proposed framework is comprehensively examinedusing the triplex pump fault diagnosis. The experimental results demonstratedthat the hybrid GA-ML method gives outstanding results compared to MLmethods like LogisticRegression (LR), Na飗e Bayes (NB), and SupportVectorMachine (SVM). The suggested framework achieves the highest accuracyof 95% for the employed hybrid GA-SVM. The proposed framework willeffectively help industrial operators make an appropriate decision concerningthe fault analysis for IIoT applications in the context of Industry 4.0.

关键词： Automated fault diagnosis control system ML AI CC IIoT digital twins genetic algorithm GA-ML technique

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Environmental water quality prediction based on COOT-CSO-LSTM deep learning

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Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2024年第42期31卷 54525-54533页

作者： Rajagopal, Sankarasubbu Ganesh, Sundaram Sankar Karthick, Alagar Sampradeepraj, Thangavel Department of Information Technology National Engineering College Tamilnadu Kovilpatti628503 India Department of Computer Science and Engineering R.M.K. College of Engineering and Technology Puduvoyal Tamilnadu Thiruvallur601206 India Renewable Energy Lab Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology Tamilnadu Coimbatore641407 India Department of Computer Science and Engineering School of Computing Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education Krishnankoil Tamilnadu Virudhunagar626126 India

Water resource management relies heavily on reliable water quality predictions. Predicting water quality metrics in the watershed system, including dissolved oxygen (DO), is the main emphasis of this work. The enhanced long short-term memory (LSTM) model was suggested to improve the model’s performance. Additionally, a hybrid model was employed to calculate the ideal parameter values for the LSTM model, which helped overcome the nonstationarity, unpredictability, and nonlinearity of the data about the water quality parameters. This model recruited the COOT method. The original weekly water quality values at the Vaigai River, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India, were tested using the suggested hybrid model. An independent LSTM, the hybrid optimisation method takes its cues from the cuckoo bird’s reproductive strategy and a novel meta-heuristic optimisation technique dubbed COOT, which is based on the behaviour of a flock of coot birds. If implemented, the suggested hybrid model might serve as an alternate framework for water quality prediction, laying the groundwork for basin-wide efforts to manage water quality and control pollutants. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Macroinvertebrates

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Blockchain-based color medical image cryptosystem for industrial Internet of Healthcare Things (IoHT)

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2024年 1-55页

作者： Khallaf, Fatma El-Shafai, Walid El-Rabaie, El-Sayed M. El-Samie, Fathi E. Abd Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering Faculty of Electronic Engineering Menoufia University Menouf32952 Egypt Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Ahram Canadian University 6th October City Giza Egypt Security Engineering Lab Computer Science Department Prince Sultan University Riyadh11586 Saudi Arabia Department of Information Technology College of Computer and Information Sciences Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University P.O. Box 84428 Riyadh11671 Saudi Arabia

In recent years, the proliferation of smart devices and associated technologies, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), and Internet of Medical Things (IoMT), has witnessed a substantial growth. However, the limited processing power and storage capacity of smart devices make them vulnerable to cyberattacks, rendering traditional security and cryptography techniques inadequate. To address these challenges, blockchain (BC) technology has emerged as a promising solution. This study introduces an efficient framework for the Internet of Healthcare Things (IoHT), presenting a novel cryptosystem for color medical images using BC technology in conjunction with the IoT, Secure Hash Algorithm 256-bit (SHA256), shuffling, and bitwise XOR operations. The encryption scheme is specifically designed for an IIoT grid network computing system, relying on diffusion and confusion principles. In this paper, the proposed cryptosystem strength is evaluated against differential attacks with several comprehensive metrics. Simulation results and theoretical analysis demonstrate the cryptosystem effectiveness, showcasing its ability to provide high levels of security and immunity to data leakage. The proposed cryptosystem offers a versatile range of technical solutions and strategies that are adaptable to various scenarios. The evaluation metrics, with approximate values of 99.61% for Number of Pixels Change Rate (NPCR), 33.46% for Unified Average Changed Intensity (UACI), and 8 for information entropy, closely align with the desired ideal outcomes. Consequently, this paper contributes to the advancement of secure and private systems for medical image encryption based on BC technology, potentially mitigating the risks associated with cyberattacks on smart medical devices. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Blockchain

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Entanglement Distribution in Packet-Switched Quantum Wrapper Network

Entanglement Distribution in Packet-Switched Quantum Wrapper...

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CLEO: Fundamental Science, CLEO:FS 2024 - Part of Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2024

作者： On, Mehmet Berkay Proietti, Roberto Gül, Gamze Kanter, Gregory S. Singh, Sandeep Kumar Kumar, Prem Yoo, S.J. Ben Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Davis DavisCA95616 United States Department of Electronics and Telecommunications Engineering Politecnico di Torino Italy Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee India

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171395

关键词： Packet switching

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