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Evolution of optical networks: from legacy networks to next-generation networks

Journal of Optical Communications 2023年第s1期44卷 S955-S970页

作者： Al-Tarawneh, Luae Alqatawneh, Ali Tahat, Ashraf Saraereh, Omar The King Abdullah II School for Electrical Engineering Princess Sumaya University for Technology Amman Jordan The Department of Communications Electronics and Computer Engineering Tafila Technical University College of Engineering Tafila Jordan Princess Sumaya University for Technology Amman Jordan Electrical Engineering Department The Hashemite University Faculty of Engineering Zarqa Zarqa Jordan

The requirement for the huge bandwidth-demanding applications has urged researchers to develop improved data pipes that could allow smooth data flow. Revolutionary growth has been witnessed in the domain of the telecommunication industry, which has opened new horizons for connectivity among humans and devices alike especially, in the era of 5G. The advancement from TDM multiplexed signal transmitted over copper wire to the flexible and smart grid along with ethernet passive optical networks or space division multiplexed over optic fiber introducing enormous speed in 100 of Gbps has contributed to the fastest communication. The heterogeneous structure and network complexity require the automating of telecommunication services which have been assisted with the incorporation of machine learning and artificial intelligence, highlighting the new era of communication with the reliability and fastest accessibility. This survey reports the evolution of optical carrier generations and advancement in networks along with the fundamental achievements to comprehend the supportive competition while highlighting the gaps and challenges for future work. © 2023 Walter de Gruyter GmbH. All rights reserved.

关键词： Internet of things

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Edge Computing Enabled Smart Warehouse Management System for Food Processing Industries

Edge Computing Enabled Smart Warehouse Management System for...

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International Conference on Computing and Networking Technology (ICCNT)

作者： Gowrishankar V Veena P Ponmurugan P Annapoorani B T Vijayakumar P Siva Ramkumar M Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Velalar College of Engineering and Technology Erode India Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering K S R Institute for Engineering and Technology Tiruchengode India Department of Research Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research Chennai Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Bannari Amman Institute of Technology Sathyamangalam India Department of Master of Computer Applications Kongu Engineering College Perundurai Tamil Nadu Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Faculty of Engineering Karpagam Academy of Higher Education Coimbatore India

Food safety is a primary concern across all global platforms, and food storage is a crucial and essential part of management. This clarifies that food warehousing should be fully automated or has some management system. Good food storage plays a vital role in food security, which is affected by food waste and food loss. As a result, it is critical to identify and remove microbial contamination before it spreads to other items. To end that, we propose an edge computing-enabled intelligent warehouse system with an ESP32 microcontroller and micropython. The food commodities studied in the other papers were fish, dairy, fresh food products, crop-field cucumber, seafood, wine, and pre-packaged food. The various gas sensors are used to detect microbial growth, food decay, and shelf life. Humidity and temperature sensors are employed to monitor the warehouse environment, along with RFID technology to track food items. Multiple nodes accessible via Telegram and dashboard notifications will be put in the building to enable law enforcement collaboration. These nodes will exchange information on the building's structure. Compared to the traditional warehouse management system, the proposed edge computing-enabled IoT warehouse shelves reduce waste and contamination in fruit and vegetable chambers. Designs are experimented with different sets of fruits and vegetables. Continuous live monitoring and an alert system demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed innovative framework compared with an existing management system.

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The Techniques used for Sustainable Communication System FR 6-G type of N/W

The Techniques used for Sustainable Communication System FR ...

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Advance Computing and Innovative Technologies in engineering (ICACITE), International Conference on

作者： Renu Yadav M.Mohammed Kasim S Srividhya Yogendra Kumar T. Mohanraj S P V Subba Rao Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering IES College Of Technology Bhopal M. P. India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Nehru Institute of Technology T.M.Palayam Tamil Nadu India Electronics and Communication Engineering Department Prince Shri Venkateshwara Padmavathy Engineering College Electrical Engineering department GLA University Mathura Department of Computer Science and Engineering Karpagam Academy of Higher Education TN Department of Electronics and Communication Engg Sreenidhi Institute of Science and Technology Hyderabad

ISBN: (数字)9798350360165

ISBN: (纸本)9798350360172

Inthe midst of the global commercialization of 5G technology, research institutions worldwide are turning their attention to the future, anticipating the emergence of 6 G networks that prioritize both high-quality service and energy efficiency. The envisioned 6G landscape foresees a revolutionary integration of traditional terrestrial mobile networks with emerging space, aerial, and underwater networks, ushering in a new era of ubiquitous, anytime-anywhere network access. This paper conducts an exhaustive survey on the wireless evolution towards 6 G networks, focusing on fundamental architectural changes. Key aspects include pervasive 3D coverage, the infusion of artificial intelligence across the network, and an enhanced protocol stack. Additionally, the survey delves into prospective technologies crucial for establishing sustainable and socially seamless networks, encompassing terahertz and visible light communication, novel communication paradigms, blockchain applications, and symbiotic radio technologies. The ultimate objective of this work is to offer illuminating insights that can guide subsequent research endeavors in the development of environmentally conscious 6 G networks.

关键词： Surveys 6G mobile communication Protocols Three-dimensional displays Wireless networks Quality of service Turning

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Histopathology-driven prostate cancer identification: A VBIR approach with CLAHE and GLCM insights

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computers in Biology and Medicine 2024年 182卷 109213-109213页

作者： Rangaiah, Pramod K.B. Pradeep Kumar, B.P. Augustine, Robin Microwaves in Medical Engineering Group Division of Solid State Electronics Department of Electrical Engineering Uppsala University Box 65 UppsalaSE-751 03 Sweden Department of Computer Science and Design Atria Institute of Technology Bengaluru560024 India

Efficient extraction and analysis of histopathological images are crucial for accurate medical diagnoses, particularly for prostate cancer. This research enhances histopathological image reclamation by integrating Visual-Based Image Reclamation (VBIR) techniques with contrast-limited adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) and the Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) algorithm. The proposed method leverages CLAHE to improve image contrast and visibility, crucial for regions with varying illumination, and employs a non-linear Support Vector Machine (SVM) to incorporate GLCM features. Our approach achieved a notable success rate of 89.6%, demonstrating significant improvement in image analysis. The average execution time for matched tissues was 41.23 s (standard deviation 36.87 s), and for unmatched tissues, 21.22 s (standard deviation 29.18 s). These results underscore the method's efficiency and reliability in processing histopathological images. The findings from this study highlight the potential of our method to enhance image reclamation processes, paving the way for further research and advancements in medical image analysis. The superior performance of our approach signifies its capability to significantly improve histopathological image analysis, contributing to more accurate and efficient diagnostic practices. © 2024 The Authors

关键词： Urology

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A Kolmogorov-Arnold Network for Explainable Detection of Cyberattacks on EV Chargers

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Saber, Ahmad Mohammad Santos, Max Mauro Dias Janaideh, Mohammad Al Youssef, Amr Kundur, Deepa Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Toronto TorontoON Canada Department of Electronics Federal Technological University of Paraná PR Ponta Grossa Brazil Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Guelph GuelphON Canada Concordia Institute for Information Systems Engineering MontrealQC Canada

The increasing adoption of Electric Vehicles (EVs) and the expansion of charging infrastructure and their reliance on communication expose Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE) to cyberattacks. This paper presents a novel Kolmogorov-Arnold Network (KAN)-based framework for detecting cyberattacks on EV chargers using only power consumption measurements. Leveraging the KAN’s capability to model nonlinear, high-dimensional functions and its inherently interpretable architecture, the framework effectively differentiates between normal and malicious charging scenarios. The model is trained offline on a comprehensive dataset containing over 100,000 cyberattack cases generated through an experimental setup. Once trained, the KAN model can be deployed within individual chargers for real-time detection of abnormal charging behaviors indicative of cyberattacks. Our results demonstrate that the proposed KAN-based approach can accurately detect cyberattacks on EV chargers with Precision and F1-score of 99% and 92%, respectively, outperforming existing detection methods. Additionally, the proposed KANs’s enable the extraction of mathematical formulas representing KAN’s detection decisions, addressing interpretability, a key challenge in deep learning-based cybersecurity frameworks. This work marks a significant step toward building secure and explainable EV charging infrastructure. © 2025, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Network security

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Mitigation of Vertical Fixed Pattern Noise in CMOS Image Sensors through Analog Offset Dithering and Dynamic Clock Adjustment

Mitigation of Vertical Fixed Pattern Noise in CMOS Image Sen...

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IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)

作者： Jaejin Jung Sungyong Kim Shinhwan Lim Kyoungmin Koh Hae-Seung Lee Sensor Design Team Samsung Electronics Hwaseong-si Korea Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA

ISBN: (数字)9798350356830

ISBN: (纸本)9798350356847

Vertical Fixed Pattern Noise (VFPN) is a significant issue in CMOS image sensors that employ column-parallel Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs). Variations in column response due to Process, Voltage, Temperature (PVT) characteristics and differential non-linearity (DNL) in ADCs contribute to VFPN, which impacts the perceptibility of noise in images. This paper proposes two primary methods for reducing VFPN: analog offset dithering to mitigate quantization noise and dynamic counter clock adjustment to compensate for DNL variation. Simulation results using sensor measurement data demonstrate that these techniques significantly reduce VFPN by randomizing quantization noise and averaging DNL-induced variations across columns. The proposed methods achieve an improvement in VFPN uniformity of over 70%, effectively enhancing image quality.

关键词： Temperature measurement Temperature sensors Quantization (signal) Temperature Simulation Prevention and mitigation Noise CMOS image sensors Noise measurement Clocks

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Robust Secure ISAC: How RSMA and Active RIS Manage Eavesdropper's Spatial Uncertainty

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Salem, A. Abdelaziz Abdallah, Saeed Saad, Mohamed Alnajjar, Khawla Albreem, Mahmoud A. University of Sharjah PO Box 26666 Sharjah United Arab Emirates Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering Faculty of Electronic Engineering Menoufia University Menoufia Menouf32952 Egypt Department of Electrical Engineering University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Department of Computer Engineering University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates

Incorporating rate splitting multiple access (RSMA) into integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) presents a significant security challenge, particularly in scenarios where the location of a potential eavesdropper (Eve) is unidentified. Splitting users' messages into common and private streams exposes them to eavesdropping, with the common stream dedicated for sensing and accessible to multiple users. In response to this challenge, this paper proposes a novel approach that leverages active reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) aided beamforming and artificial noise (AN) to enhance the security of RSMAenabled ISAC. Specifically, we first derive the ergodic private secrecy rate (EPSR) based on mathematical approximation of the average Eve channel gain. An optimization problem is then formulated to maximize the minimum EPSR, while satisfying the minimum required thresholds on ergodic common secrecy rate, radar sensing and RIS power budget. To address this non-convex problem, a novel optimization strategy is developed, whereby we alternatively optimize the transmit beamforming matrix for the common and private streams, rate splitting, AN, RIS reflection coefficient matrix, and radar receive beamformer. Successive convex approximation (SCA) and Majorization-Minimization (MM) are employed to convexify the beamforming and RIS subproblems. Simulations are conducted to showcase the effectiveness of the proposed framework against established benchmarks. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Budget control

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Stochastic Recursive Gradient Descent Optimization-based on Foreground Features of Fisher Vector 14

Stochastic Recursive Gradient Descent Optimization-based on ...

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14th International Conference on Digital Image Processing, ICDIP 2022

作者： Kamaleldin, Mohamed Gamal M. Abu-Bakar, Syed A.R. Sheikh, Usman Ullah Electronics and Communications Engineering Department Arab Academy for Science and Technology Cairo11736 Egypt Computer Vision Video and Image Processing Research Lab School of Electrical Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Skudai81300 Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9781510657564

Human action recognition has been one of the hot topics in computer vision both from the handcrafted and deep learning approaches. In the handcrafted approach, the extracted features are encoded for reducing the size of these features. Amonsgt the state-of-the-art approaches is to encode these visual features using the Gaussian mixture model. However, the size of the codebook is an issue in terms of the computation complexity, especially for large-scale data as it requires encoding using a large codebook. In this paper, we introduced the use of different optimizers to reduce the codebook size while boosting its accuracy. To illustrate the performance, first we use the improved dense trajectories (IDT) to extract the handcrafted features. This is followed with encoding the descriptor using Fisher kernel-based codebook using the Gaussian mixture model. Next, the support vector machine is used to classify the categories. We then use and compare five different Stochastic gradient descent optimization techniques to modify the number of Gaussian components. In this manner we are able to select the discriminative foreground features (as represented by the final number of Gaussian components), and omit the background features. Finally, to show the performance improvement of the proposed method, we implement this technique to two datasets UCF101 and HMDB51. © 2022 SPIE.

关键词： Support vector machines

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A Novel Self-Optimization Algorithm for 5G HetNets Using Automatic Weight Function and TOPSIS

A Novel Self-Optimization Algorithm for 5G HetNets Using Aut...

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IEEE International Workshop on computer-Aided Modeling, Analysis, and Design of Communication Links and Networks, CAMAD

作者： Emre Gures Ibraheem Shayea Ibrahim Yazici Ayman El-Saleh Sawsan Ali Saad Faculty of Electrical Engineering Czech Technical University in Prague Prague Czech Republic Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Istanbul Technical University Istanbul Turkey Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering A’Sharqiyah University Ibra Oman Department of Computer Engineering University of Ha’il Ha’il Saudi Arabia

In this paper, we propose a novel self-optimization framework that incorporates an automatic weight function for determining Handover Control Parameters (HCP) and utilizes the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) algorithm for target cell selection. The proposed algorithm estimates suitable HCP values automatically based on key factors such as Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (SINR), traffic load, and user equipment (UE)’s speed. Additionally, TOPSIS algorithm is employed to select the most suitable target cell based on three evaluation criteria: SINR, Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP), and load level. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated using load level, throughput, and Radio Link Failure (RLF) as key performance indicators (KPIs). Extensive simulations are carried out to assess the performance of the proposed approach. The findings indicate that the proposed algorithm outperforms the existing solutions in terms of load level, throughput, and RLF.

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Performance Analysis of Near-Field Sensing in Wideband MIMO Systems

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IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 2025年

作者： Wang, Zhaolin Mu, Xidong Liu, Yuanwei Queen Mary University of London School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science LondonE1 4NS United Kingdom School of Electronics Electrical Engineering and Computer Science BelfastBT3 9DT United Kingdom The University of Hong Kong Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Hong Kong Hong Kong Kyung Hee University Department of Electronic Engineering Gyeonggi-do Yongin-si17104 Korea Republic of

The performance of near-field sensing (NISE) in a legacy wideband multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) communication system is analyzed. The maximum likelihood estimates (MLE) for the target’s distance and angle relative to the antenna array are derived. To evaluate the estimation error, closedform analytical expressions of Craḿer-Rao bounds (CRBs) are derived for both uniform linear arrays (ULAs) and uniform circular arrays (UCAs). The asymptotic CRBs are then analyzed to reveal the scaling laws of CRBs with respect to key system parameters, including array size, bandwidth, and target distance. Our results reveal that 1) the mean-squared error achieved by MLEs approaches CRBs in the high signal-to-noise ratio regime;2) a larger array aperture does not necessarily improve NISE performance, especially with ultra-large bandwidth;3) large bandwidth sets an estimation error ceiling for NISE as target distance increases;4) array aperture and bandwidth, rather than the number of antennas and subcarriers, are the key factors affecting wideband NISE performance;and 5) UCAs offer superior, angle-independent wideband NISE performance compared to ULAs with the same aperture. © 2002-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Cramer-Rao bounds

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