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Directional Coherence Factor for Volumetric Ultrasound Imaging with Matrix Arrays

IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control 2025年第6期72卷 817-827页

作者： Wu, Xiaochuan Lee, Wei-Ning The University of Hong Kong Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Hong Kong The University of Hong Kong Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering and Biomedical Engineering Programme Hong Kong

Matrix arrays with small apertures limit spatial and contrast resolutions of volumetric ultrasound imaging. Coherence-based beamformers are prevalent for side lobe suppression and resolution improvement. While the spatial coherence of a matrix array is fundamentally a 2D function, conventional coherence factor (CF) methods neglect the directional variation of an M × N matrix array when calculating volumetric coherence. We hereby propose a projectionbased directional coherence factor (DCF) to exploit the 2D nature of volumetric coherence function. Instead of computing the coherent and incoherent summations across the entire 2D aperture, DCF projects aperture data onto azimuthal, elevational, diagonal, and antidiagonal directions and subsequently calculates the coherence factors for each direction separately. The orthogonal coherence pairs, i.e., azimuth and elevation, diagonal and anti-diagonal, are multiplied to obtain DCFRC and DCFDiag, respectively. The Jaccard similarity of the DCFRC and DCFDiag is used to derive the final DCF to weigh the reconstructed images. We evaluated the performance of DCF beamforming in point-target simulations, multi-purpose phantom experiments, and in vivo muscle imaging, and compared it to delay-and-sum (DAS) and CF beamformers. Our DCF achieved side lobe reduction throughout the entire volume compared to conventional CF. Moreover, diagonal weighting significantly improved, on average, the azimuthal resolution by 41.3% vs. DAS and 7.35% vs. CF as well as the elevational resolution by 40.4% vs. DAS and 38.7% vs. CF. Our proposed DCF offers a practical solution for resolution and contrast enhancement of volumetric imaging in 2D matrix array configurations. © 1986-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Ultrasonic imaging

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A Discrete-Time Output Feedback Terminal Sliding Mode Control Approach for SISO Systems

A Discrete-Time Output Feedback Terminal Sliding Mode Contro...

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2023 International Conference on electrical, Computer, Communications and Mechatronics engineering, ICECCME 2023

作者： Abidi, Khalid Newcastle University in Singapore Electrical Power Engineering Programme Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)9798350322972

This paper proposes an output feedback discrete-time terminal sliding mode control (DT-TSMC) approach for single-input single-output (SISO) systems. The approach follows a chatter-free design that incorporates a delay disturbance observer to handle exogenous disturbances. It is shown via rigorous stability analysis that the term with the fractional power plays a role during the steady state phase of the response and that an error of O(T2) can be achieved. The paper concludes with a simulation example that shows a comparison of the proposed DT-TSMC with a classical discrete-time sliding mode control (DT-SMC) approach. The results show that for a similar transient response, DT-TSMC produces better steady state performance. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Sliding mode control

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Camera-Based Misalignment Detection and Hardware Validation for EV Wireless Charging Systems 1

Camera-Based Misalignment Detection and Hardware Validation ...

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1st International Conference on Advances in Computer Science, electrical, Electronics, and Communication Technologies, CE2CT 2025

作者： Sai, A Midhun Katyan, Yash Chauhan, Satrudhan Kumar Pandi, V. Ravikumar Sathyan, Soumya Sulthan, Sheik Mohammed Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Amritapuri India Universiti Teknologi Brunei Electrical and Electronic Engineering Programme Area Faculty of Engineering Gadong ABE1410 Brunei

ISBN: (纸本)9798331518578

This paper addresses misalignment issues in wireless EV charging, which most of the time results in a non-ideal alignment of the vehicle with the charging pad, thus introducing inefficiencies in power transfer. A careful analysis conducts a detailed study regarding the effects of misalignment on coil voltage, current, and power using a distance-dependent prototype. Real-time positional differences are identified and analyzed using an AI-based alignment correction module implemented with OpenCV, which provides precise measurements of misalignment along the x and y axes. These insights help optimize alignment to enhance system efficiency. Experimental results demonstrate that even small improvements in alignment significantly boost power transfer efficiency, emphasizing the importance of accurate positioning. Validating the potential of the prototype in improving charging efficiency under varying alignment conditions makes the research findings sensible. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Wireless charging

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Design and Optimization of Featherweight, Ultra-Thin, Flexible PET/CNF/PU Multilayered Sandwich Structure for Absorption-Dominant EMI Shielding

Design and Optimization of Featherweight, Ultra-Thin, Flexib...

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2024 IEEE Microwaves, Antennas, and Propagation Conference, MAPCON 2024

作者： Tahalyani, Jitendra Akhtar, M. Jaleel Kar, Kamal K. Materials Science Programme IIT Kanpur India Department of Electrical Engineering IIT Kanpur India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350379693

In the present work, thin, lightweight, and flexible multi-layer sandwich structure (FMSS) nanocomposite is designed and developed for next-generation EMI shielding which can be used in complex environments and conformal surfaces. Such type of FMSS nanocomposite is fabricated by encapsulating the carbon nanofiber (CNF) between the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyurethane (PU). FMSS has tri-layered structure which work as an absorber-reflector-absorber. The 2 wt% CNF (FMSS2) displays both enhancement in the conductivity and shielding effectiveness (SET) in the X-band. The maximum SET of -24.80 dB is observed for FMSS2 at just 0.15 mm thickness. The micrographs and electrical conductivity of the fabricated FMSS are explored further for the absorption dominating mechanism for EMI shielding. The stacked layers of FMSS2 (0.3 mm thick) display the maximum SET of -32.61 dB, showing high resistance towards two hours of water sonication, bending horizontally/vertically, and 1000 mechanical bending cycles. The CST simulation was performed in at 8.2-12.4 GHz using the materials microwave properties and SET is verified numerically with the experimental values. The fabricated FMSS are flexible, lightweight, thin and showing advancement in the SET values can be used in conformal electronic packaging and coating in civil, defense, and aerospace applications. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Sandwich structures

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A Simulation Study of Initiation of Ferroresonant Modes of a Single-Phase Transformer 1

A Simulation Study of Initiation of Ferroresonant Modes of a...

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1st IEEE International Conference on Advanced Power engineering and Energy, APEE 2024

作者： Ang, Swee Peng Ja'afar, Saiful Bahri Hj Md Yeo, Kenneth Siok Kiam Muhamad, Nor Asiah Binti Law, Kah Haw Dani, Muhammad Norfauzi Universiti Teknoogi Brunei Electrical and Electronic Engineering Programme Area Bandar Seri Begawan Brunei

ISBN: (纸本)9798350360936

This paper presents a study that simulates the initiation of various ferroresonant modes in a single-phase transformer. The research explores how transformer parameters change, employing a hysteresis core model that is adjusted across a wide range of grading and shunt capacitances. The adjustment process is influenced by the degree of core saturation. The study indicates that transformers with substantial core loss are effective in suppressing ferroresonance, suggesting this as a viable method for mitigating the occurrence of the ferroresonance phenomenon. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Capacitor bank

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Energy Consumption at Universiti Teknologi Brunei - A Strategy to Reduce

Energy Consumption at Universiti Teknologi Brunei - A Strate...

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2024 IEEE Sustainable Power and Energy Conference, iSPEC 2024

作者： Masri, Hj Mohd Khairul Ja'afar Hj Ang, Swee Peng Dani, Muhammad Norfauzi Universiti Teknologi Brunei Civil Engineering Programme Area Bandar Seri Begawan Brunei Universiti Teknoogi Brunei Electrical and Electronic Engineering Programme Area Bandar Seri Begawan Brunei

ISBN: (纸本)9798350395075

This paper addresses the substantial energy consumption challenges at Universiti Teknologi Brunei (UTB), emphasizing the impact on both the environment and the economy. The proposed strategy aims to address this by focusing on behavioral change and active design strategies in alignment with Brunei Vision 2035 and national sustainability goals, inculcating a culture of energy conservation. Three alternative strategies were thoroughly considered and evaluated based on political support, economics, effectiveness, efficiency, and sustainability. The proposed approach offers a viable solution to solve energy consumption challenges at UTB. By leveraging on technological advancements and fostering changes in behavior, UTB can significantly reduce its energy footprint, contribute to national goals and promote a sustainable future. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Sustainable development goals

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Silver Nanowire based Highly Flexible Lightweight Optically Transparent Thin Film for EMI Shielding Applications

Silver Nanowire based Highly Flexible Lightweight Optically ...

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2024 IEEE Microwaves, Antennas, and Propagation Conference, MAPCON 2024

作者： Choudhary, Anshuman Akhtar, M. Jaleel Materials Science Programme Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Kanpur India Department of Electrical Engineering & Materials Science Programme Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Kanpur India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350379693

A flexible, optically transparent and lightweight silver nanowires (AgNWs) based thin film is demonstrated for the electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding applications. The process involves the synthesis of silver nanowires with a length of 60 µm and a diameter of 169 nm using the polyol process. These AgNWs are then deposited on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) sheet via drop-casting to create a silver nanowire-polyethylene terephthalate (AgNWPET) layer. The resulting thin film forms AgNW networks with a sheet resistance (Rs) of 70.73 Ω/sq, which provides conductive paths for the EM waves in the specified frequency band thereby providing adequate shielding. This film is found to be quite effective as the EMI shielding layer, providing a total shielding effectiveness (SET) above 10 dB in the X-band (8.2-10.5 GHz), for a thickness of only 100.8 µm. The proposed AgNWPET film is also simulated using the CST Microwave Studio to optimize various parameters, and the measured SET agrees well with the simulated results. The high aspect ratio (355) of AgNWs allows optical frequencies to pass through, thereby making it optically transparent. The proposed thin sheet is lightweight, highly flexible, and optically transparent, making it ideal for EMI shielding applications in the aerospace and defense industry. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Aspect ratio

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Prediction of Ferroresonant Modes using Artificial Neural Network (ANN)

Prediction of Ferroresonant Modes using Artificial Neural Ne...

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2024 IEEE Sustainable Power and Energy Conference, iSPEC 2024

作者： Bini, Muhammad Anas Bin Haji Ang, Swee Peng Dani, Muhammad Norfauzi Law, Kah Haw Muhamad, Nor Asiah Binti Petra, Rafidah Sec Mashibah Sdn Bhd Bandar Seri Begawan Brunei Universiti Teknologi Brunei Electrical and Electronic Engineering Programme Area Bandar Seri Begawan Brunei Universiti Teknoogi Brunei Electrical and Electronic Engineering Programme Area Bandar Seri Begawan Brunei

ISBN: (纸本)9798350395075

In this paper, an investigation into the unpredictability at the onset of ferroresonant modes, attributed to its nonlinear characteristic, is conducted using Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The accuracy performance of the neural network for the training target dataset is evaluated using the regression plot 'with R (training) = 0.9997. The regression plot for the prediction accuracy of the sample dataset on the onset of ferroresonant modes is R (target) = 0.97765, which is considered accurate when predicting outside the range of the target data set of capacitance. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Artificial Neural Network Artificial Neuron Network Capacitance Ferroresonance Nonlinear Quasi-Periodic Mode Subharmonic Mode Transformer

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Global attention-based LSTM for noisy power quality disturbance classification

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International Journal of Systems, Control and Communications 2022年第1期14卷 22-39页

作者： Chiam, Dar Hung Lim, King Hann Law, Kah Haw Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Curtin University Malaysia Miri Sarawak98009 Malaysia Electrical and Electronic Engineering Programme Area Universiti Teknologi Brunei Gadong Brunei

An increased dependency of digital control systems in the modern electrical network demand for a better quality of power signal. The occurrence of power quality disturbances (PQDs) in the network reduces the lifespan of power semiconductors and solid states switching devices. Global attention-based long short-term memory (LSTM) network is proposed to perform automatic time-series PQD detection and classification. Attention-based LSTM helps improve the noise immunity to extract salient features from noisy signal for PQD classification. The aim of this article is to analyse the performance of proposed attention-based LSTM under different noise conditions. Addictive white Gaussian noise is added to synthetic PQDs in different signal-to-noise ratio. These random generated noises are used to train and test the performance of proposed method, as well compared towards generic LSTM model. This work also shows the sensitivity of proposed method towards unknown noises that is not seen by the model during training phase. Copyright © 2023 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

关键词： Long short-term memory

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Design, Implementation, and Analysis of Solar Photovoltaic System Efficiency with Cooling System and Mechanical Tracking 2nd

Design, Implementation, and Analysis of Solar Photovoltaic S...

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2nd International Conference on Power, Energy, Control, Signals and Systems, IPECS 2022

作者： Shahbirin, Ak Arif Shahmi Bin Pg Hj bin Rosli, Mohammad Sallehin Ang, S.P. Sulthan, Sheik Mohammed Dani, Muhammad Norfauzi Electrical and Electronic Engineering Programme Area Universiti Teknologi Brunei Bandar Seri Begawan Brunei

ISBN: (纸本)9789819909148

The power generation of the solar photovoltaic system depends on the environmental conditions, particularly the intensity of light and the temperature of light falling on the panel. Controlling the temperature of the PV panel and tracking the sun helps to improve the yields of solar PV system. Efficiency improvement of solar PV system using an air-cooling system and mechanical tracking is presented and discussed in this paper. The proposed model is implemented and tested for different combinations with and without the cooling system and the tracking system. The results and performance improvement of PV system are presented and analyzed. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： Data acquisition

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