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Propolis nanoemulsion extract from celebes stingless bee (Tetragonula biroi) phytochemistry and antibacterial analysis to periodontopathogen bacteria

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Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research 2025年第3期15卷 576-584页

作者： Amalia, Nadya Rafika Budhy, Theresia Indah Ridwan, Rini Devijanti Rianti, Devi Bramantoro, Taufan Luthfi, Muhammad Ramadhani, Nastiti Faradilla Pramusita, Adya Putranti, Nurul Aisyah Rizki Nugraha, Albertus Putera Situmorang, Putri Cahaya Shariff, Khairul Anuar Nugraha, Alexander Patera Dental Health Science Study Program Faculty of Dental Medicine Universitas Airlangga Surabaya Indonesia Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Faculty of Dental Medicine Universitas Airlangga Surabaya Indonesia Department of Oral Biology Faculty of Dental Medicine Universitas Airlangga Surabaya Indonesia Department of Dental Material Faculty of Dental Medicine Universitas Airlangga Surabaya Indonesia Department of Dental Public Health Faculty of Dental Medicine Universitas Airlangga Surabaya Indonesia Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology Faculty of Dental Medicine Universitas Airlangga Surabaya Indonesia Department of Orthodontic Faculty of Dental Medicine Universitas Airlangga Surabaya Indonesia Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga Surabaya Indonesia Biology Study Program Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Sumatera Utara Medan Indonesia School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering Engineering Campus Universiti Sains Malaysia Penang Nibong Tebal 14300 Malaysia

Background: Propolis from Sulawesi's stingless bees (Tetragonula biroi) contains antioxidants, more flavonoids than propolis from Apis bees, and the antibacterial ability. Objective: to examine the antibacterial properties of Propolis Nanoemulsion Extract (PNE), which is extracted from the Celebes Stingless Bee (T. biroi), in relation to the periodontopathogen bacteria such as Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), and Provotella intermedia (Pi). This investigation also examines PNE's phytochemistry, particle size analysis (PSA), and zeta potential. Methods: The maceration process with 96 % ethanol was used to create PNE from Celebes stingless bee (T. biroi), which was then subjected to zeta potential measurement and PSA. Phytochemical analysis was used to identify phytochemical constituents in the PNE (T. biroi). Diffusion zone, minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were used to assess antibacterial efficacy against Aa, Pg, Pi, and Fn. Furthermore, the statistical analysis was used to extract the data. Results: Phenols, alkaloids, and flavonoids were identified;however, triterpenoids and saponins were not. Between 151.28 and 182.2 diameter nanometers (***) was the range of the PNE's diameter. At 1.56 % propolis (T. biroi) concentration, the MIC, MBC, and diffusion zone analysis performed better than at 0.76 %, with a significant difference (p:0.01;p < 0.05) to Aa, Pg, Pi, and Fn. Conclusions: The highest antibacterial activity against Aa, Pg, Pi, and Fn as periodontopathogen bacteria is demonstrated by alkaloids, flavonoids, and phenols in PNE from Celebes (T. biroi) at a concentration of 1.56 %. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Antibacterial Communicable disease Infectious disease Medicine Periodontal disease

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Epilithic biofilm as a potential biomonitor for microplastics contamination in Brantas River of Malang City, Indonesia

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Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental engineering 2025年 11卷

作者： Anggayasti, Wresti L. Pramudia, Zulkisam Susanti, Yogita A.D. Al Zamzami, Ilham Misbakudin Moehammad, Khibar Syiar Wardana, I Nyoman Gede Kurniawan, Andi Environmental Sciences Study Program of Universitas Brawijaya Malang Indonesia Aquaculture Study Program Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science Universitas Brawijaya Malang Indonesia Aquatic Resources Management Study Program Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science Universitas Brawijaya Malang Indonesia Mechanical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Universitas Brawijaya Malang Indonesia

Despite being an efficient bioremediation agent, aquatic biofilm's usefulness as a biomonitor has not been explored extensively. This study disclosed the potential of epilithic biofilm as biomonitor by comparing its metagenomics with water quality parameters and microplastic count in Brantas River. Metagenomics showed the epilithic biofilm was dominated by Exiguobacterium, which recognizes and degrades microplastics, along with Rhodobacterium and Rhizobiales. For the first time, biofilm microbes and their respective roles were discovered to correspond to the total microplastic counts in comparison with BOD as the only transgressing physicochemical parameter. Thus, epilithic biofilm is a potential biomonitor for riverine microplastic contaminations. © 2024 The Author(s)

关键词： Epilithic biofilm Metagenomics Microplastic biomonitor River pollution Water physicochemical parameters

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Investigation of Microplastics in Raw and Processed Water for Unbranded Refilled Drinking Water in Karawang, Indonesia

SSRN

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Sari, Gina Lova Utami, Marsah Rahmawati Kasasiah, Ahsanal Rohmana, Andini Siti Amethysia, Nur Ridha Cahyaningrum, Putri Sekti Nainggolan, Adinda Melianda Kurniawan, Setyo Budi Study Program of Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Singaperbangsa Karawang H.S Ronggowaluyo Karawang41361 Indonesia Study Program of Pharmacy Faculty of Health Science Universitas Singaperbangsa Karawang H.S Ronggowaluyo Karawang41361 Indonesia Department of Chemical and Process Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Selangor UKM Bangi 43600 Malaysia

It is undeniable that microplastics are found in many types of water, including drinking water. This study aims to investigate the presence of microplastics in one of the drinking waters widely used by communities in Indonesia, known as unbranded refilled drinking water. The investigation was conducted at eight unbranded refilled drinking water depots in Karawang, West Java. A total of 2.00 L of raw air and processed water samples were taken from each depot, then prepared by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, analyzed using an Olympus BX - 41 microscope with a magnification of ten times, and then counted manually. The results showed that raw and processed water in all unbranded refilled drinking water depots contained microplastics with details of 15.50-42.00 particles/L and 6.50-17.50 particles/L, respectively. The dominant microplastics found were fibers and fragments with sizes of 1.00-3.00 mm and less than 1.00 mm. Furthermore, the dominant color of the microplastics was black, indicating that the polymers of microplastics were polyethylene, polypropylene, or polystyrene. This finding has confirmed that refilled drinking water consumed by the community in Indonesia has potentially become one of the main pathways for the entry and accumulation of microplastics into the human body, posing significant health risks. Based on current research, further research is needed to improve water treatment performance to protect public health. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Microplastic

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A Reconfigurable Compute-In-Memory Design with Adaptive Bit-Precision and Power Adjustment

A Reconfigurable Compute-In-Memory Design with Adaptive Bit-...

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Consumer Technology (ICCT-Pacific), International Conference on

作者： I-Chieh Hsu Chun-Fu Chen Dao-Long Huang Yun-Kai Yeh Wei-Chieh Lee Qi-Hua Lin Jinjia Zhou I-Chyn Wey Electrical Engineering Department College of Engineering Chang-Gung University Taiwan School of Electrical Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taiwan Master Program in Nano-Electronic Engineering and Design Chang Gung University Taiwan Department of Applied Informatics Faculty of Science and Engineering Hosei University Japan

ISBN: (数字)9798331504120

ISBN: (纸本)9798331504137

With the successful development of artificial intelligence (AI), Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) occupy a large amount of computing time and power consumption in the entire AI computing process. However, in traditional von Neumann architectures, the separation of the computing element and memory leads to the memory-wall problem of memory data transmission bandwidth from memory to processing element when executing multiply-accumulate-based CNN operations. The data transmission time and power consumption all are much higher than the CNN computing part. Therefore, this paper proposes a memory-in-computation design that can flexibly adjust energy usage, achieve high energy efficiency, and support multiple operation frequencies. By controlling the switches of each memory row, unnecessary energy consumption is avoided, leading to a reduction in total power consumption by 15% to 60%. Additionally, by adjusting the pulse width, the charging power consumption of capacitors is reduced by 65% per charge cycle.

关键词： Energy consumption Power demand Capacitors Bandwidth In-memory computing Control systems Energy efficiency Convolutional neural networks Data communication Artificial intelligence

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Email Spam Detection Using Logistic Regression and Explainable AI

Email Spam Detection Using Logistic Regression and Explainab...

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International Conference on electrical, Computer and Communication engineering (ECCE)

作者： Sumit Kanti Sarker Ratul Bhattacharjee Md Abu Sufian Md Solaiman Ahamed Md Abu Talha Faiza Tasnim K.M. Nazmul Islam Sharia Tasnim Adrita Department of Computer Science & Engineering (CSE) Faculty of Science & Technology (FST) American International University Bangladesh Dhaka Bangladesh Bachelor of Science in Information Technology (BSIT) Cybersecurity Program Concentrations Washington University of Science and Technology (WUST) VA USA Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (EEE) Faculty of Engineering (FE) American International University Bangladesh Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Computer Science and Engineering (CSE) Faculty of Science & Engineering Northern University Bangladesh-(NUB) Dhaka Bangladesh

ISBN: (数字)9798350357509

ISBN: (纸本)9798350357516

Email spam detection is crucial for ensuring a positive user experience and maintaining communication security. This study presents a novel spam detection approach leveraging Logistic Regression, optimized through hyperparameter tuning and enhanced with Explainable Artificial Intelligence. The proposed method is evaluated on a large-scale dataset of emails collected from a real-world spam detection system. Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency is utilized for feature extraction, converting email text into numerical representations. XAI introduces interpretability by highlighting critical features such as "pill," "PHP," and "Businessweek," which indicate spam classification patterns. Metrics such as precision, recall, and the confusion matrix are employed to assess the model’s performance, ensuring a balanced evaluation. Hyperparameter optimization using Grid Search CV achieves an optimal regularization parameter (C = 100) and maximum iterations (maxiter=100), resulting in an impressive F1 score of 98.76%, accuracy of 98.82%, precision of 98.62%, and recall of 98.90%.

关键词： Logistic regression Explainable AI Filtering Unsolicited e-mail Computational modeling Predictive models Transformers Frequency conversion Feature extraction Tuning

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2D Polynomial Regression Modeling for Predictive Analysis of Glucose Concentration in NP-Model Fractal Microwave Sensor Using Frequency and Transmission Coefficient Disparities

2D Polynomial Regression Modeling for Predictive Analysis of...

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International electrical engineering Congress (iEECON)

作者： Nutyada Nantapanich Pisit Mahatthanajatuphat Norakamon Wongsin Wilaiporn Lee Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering Faculty of Engineering Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi Pathum Thani Thailand Regular Program in Mathematics-Science Yothinburana School Bangkok Thailand Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok Bangkok Thailand

ISBN: (数字)9798331543952

ISBN: (纸本)9798331543969

The article introduces a two-dimensional polynomial regression model for the predictive analysis of glucose concentration in a fractal microwave sensor NP model, utilizing frequency and transmission coefficient differences to examine their correlation with glucose concentration levels. The sensor employed in this investigation is fabricated on an economical FR-4 substrate to minimize costs. The sensor structure is developed with the fractal structure reduction method established by the NP model to operate at a frequency of roughly 2.97 GHz. The CST Studio software is utilized to analyze the findings from the simulation of the suggested sensor structure. Furthermore, the proposed sensor is integrated into a test apparatus comprising a sensor platform and a liquid tube constructed from PPA material. The liquid under examination is a glucose and water mixture at varying concentrations. It was analyzed using a VNA instrument to evaluate its frequency response and the magnitude of the alteration in the transmission coefficient. The values are utilized to create a two-dimensional polynomial regression model. The experiments demonstrated that the proposed sensor model possesses an Adjusted R² value of 0.99499 and an average error of approximately 3.57% for glucose concentration analysis throughout the range of 5% to 30%, with sensitivities of 0.00879 dB/% for insertion loss and 0.092 MHz/% for frequency variation, facilitating accurate glucose concentration prediction analysis.

关键词： Analytical models Adaptation models Correlation Liquids Predictive models Microwave sensors Polynomials Fractals Glucose Predictive analytics

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Bridging the gap in nutrient management: Transitioning from conventional to sustainable slow-release fertilizers in modern agriculture

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Journal of Cleaner Production 2025年 513卷

作者： Said, Nor Sakinah Mohd Kurniawan, Setyo Budi Daud, Nurull Muna Sharuddin, Siti Shilatul Najwa Barakwan, Rizkiy Amaliyah Luthfi, Abdullah Amru Indera Department of Chemical and Process Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia UKM Selangor Bangi43600 Malaysia Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia UKM Selangor Bangi43600 Malaysia Jakarta Pusat10340 Indonesia Environmental Engineering Study Program Department of Biology Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Airlangga Kampus MERR C Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno Street Mulyorejo East Java Surabaya60115 Indonesia

The world's continuous demographic expansion has driven a growing demand for a stable food supply, making the agriculture sector a key foundation for sustainable food production. However, the widespread use of conventional fertilizers has resulted in significant environmental and economic drawbacks, including inefficient nutrient delivery and nutrient leaching. These challenges highlight the urgent need for innovative agricultural solutions. This article reviews the adverse impacts of conventional fertilizer use on ecosystems and discusses the transition to slow-release fertilizers (SRF) as a promising alternative. SRF offers more controlled nutrient release, reducing nutrient loss and improving efficiency compared to traditional fertilizers. The article examines different types of SRF, their mechanisms, advantages, limitations, and their potential to transform modern agriculture by addressing both environmental concerns and crop nutrient management. Key challenges, including high production costs and the use of non-biodegradable coatings, are addressed. This review highlights the potential of bio-based coatings as replacements for non-renewable petroleum-based materials in SRFs, promoting sustainable practices and reducing potential toxicity in agricultural applications. The evolution of SRFs into multifunctional fertilizers is also discussed, emphasizing their expanding roles beyond controlled nutrient release. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Crops

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Fixed-parameter algorithms for cardinality-constrained graph partitioning problems on sparse graphs

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Discrete Applied Mathematics 2025年 373卷 343-354页

作者： Yamada, Suguru Hanaka, Tesshu Graduate Program of Mathematics for Innovation Kyushu University 744 Motooka Nishi-ku Fukuoka Fukuoka819-0395 Japan Faculty of Information Science and Electrical Engineering Kyushu University 744 Motooka Nishi-ku Fukuoka Fukuoka819-0395 Japan

For an undirected and edge-weighted graph G=(V,E) and a vertex subset S⊆V, we define a function φG(S)≔(1−α)⋅w(S)+α⋅w(S,V∖S), where α∈[0,1] is a real number, w(S) is the sum of the weights of edges having two endpoints in S, and w(S,V∖S) is the sum of the weights of edges having one endpoint in S and the other in V∖S. Then, given an undirected and edge-weighted graph G=(V,E) and a positive integer k, MAX (MIN)α-FIXED CARDINALITY GRAPH PARTITIONING (MAX (MIN)α-FCGP) is the problem to find a vertex subset S⊆V of size k that maximizes (minimizes) φG(S). In this paper, we first show that MAXα-FCGP with α∈[1/3,1] and MINα-FCGP with α∈[0,1/3] can be solved in time 2o(kd+k)(e+ed)knO(1) where k is the solution size, d is the degeneracy of an input graph, and e is Napier's constant. Then we consider MAX (MIN) CONNECTEDα-FCGP, which additionally requires the connectivity of a solution. We show that if MAX (MIN)α-FCGP is W[1]-hard parameterized by k, so is MAX (MIN) CONNECTEDα-FCGP. Then, we give a 2O(klog2k)nO(1)-time randomized algorithm on apex-minor-free graphs. Moreover, for MAX CONNECTEDα-FCGP with α∈[1/3,1] and MIN CONNECTEDα-FCGP with α∈[0,1/3], we propose a (1+d)k2o(kd)+O(k)nO(1)-time algorithm. Finally, we show that they admit FPT-ASs parameterized by k when edge weights are constant. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Graph algorithms

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Review of mayflies (Insecta Ephemeroptera) as a bioindicator of heavy metals and microplastics in freshwater

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science of the Total Environment 2025年 958卷 178057页

作者： Benhadji, Nadhira Kurniawan, Setyo Budi Imron, Muhammad Fauzul Institute of Technology and Life Sciences—National Research Institute Falenty Hrabska Avenue 3 Raszyn05-090 Poland Department of Chemical and Process Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Selangor UKM Bangi43600 Malaysia Study Program of Environmental Engineering Department of Biology Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Airlangga Campus C UNAIR Jalan Mulyorejo Surabaya60115 Indonesia Department of Water Management Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences Delft University of Technology Stevinweg 1 CN Delft2628 Netherlands

Heavy metal and microplastic pollutions are prevalent in freshwater ecosystems, with many freshwater bodies being contaminated by one or both of these pollutants. Recent studies reported extreme detections of Cd, Pb and Zn, high concentrations of Cr, Pb and Cu and microplastics acting as vectors of pollutants, including heavy metals. Mayflies can serve as bioindicators of heavy metal contamination in freshwater ecosystems because changes in their community structure, physiology, and behaviour can reflect and help predict the concentrations of metals in these environments. This review discusses the ecological alterations induced by tissue metal concentration in mayflies and other macroinvertebrates. As sensitive taxa to heavy metal contamination, mayflies can reflect the impacts of this pollution through their ethology and relationship to the substrate, highlighting issues such as eutrophication, alterations in community structure, inhibitory effects and sediment toxicity. Mayflies are also highly affected by microplastic exposure, which leads to ingestion, bioaccumulation, biomagnification, habitat and community alteration, behavioural changes, physiology alteration and toxicity. Mayflies bioindication metrics for assessing the impact of heavy metals and microplastics include the examination of community alteration, functional feeding behaviour, molecular structure, dietary and toxicity impacts, bioaccumulation and biomagnification and biomarkers. Current challenges for the utilization of mayflies as bioindicators include temporal variations in sensitivity, lack of universally recognised protocols and need for standardised protocols for microplastic analysis. Additionally, the applicability of mayflies as bioindicators may vary across different ecosystems, emphasising the need for selecting suitable indicators that align with the unique characteristics of the ecosystem. © 2024 The Authors

关键词： Macroinvertebrates

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Communal-based domestic rainwater harvesting system: A novel approach to alternative solutions for increasing water supply and recharging groundwater in Jagakarsa urban area, South Jakarta

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Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental engineering 2025年 11卷

作者： Suprapti, Suprapti Kusuma, Muhammad Syahril Badri Kardhana, Hadi Cahyono, Muhammad Juliana, Imroatul Chalimah Doctoral Program of Civil Engineering Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Jl. Ganesha No. 10 Jawa Barat Bandung 40132 Indonesia Water Resources Engineering Group Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Jl. Ganesha No. 10 Jawa Barat Bandung 40132 Indonesia Civil Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering and Sciences Ibnu Khaldun Bogor University Jl. Sholeh Iskandar Km. 2 Jawa Barat Kota Bogor 16162 Indonesia Research Center for Ecohydrology Ecohydraulics and Engineering Science Bandung Jl. Babakan Jeruk 1 No. 100 Jawa Barat Bandung 40132 Indonesia Civil Engineering Study Program Sriwijaya University Jl. Raya Lintas Timur Palembang - Prabumulih No. Km. 32 Indralaya Indah South Sumatra Indralaya Indonesia Study Program of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Mercu Buana Jl. Meruya Selatan No. 01 Kembangan-Jakarta Barat Jakarta 11650 Indonesia

This study proposes a new approach, a communal-based domestic rainwater harvesting (CDRWH) system, which is a new model that combines domestic and communal rainwater harvesting systems. This model is an alternative solution to improve system performance and utilize rainwater overflow from the system. Rainwater runoff from several domestic tanks is channeled to a communal tank to be collected, processed, and redistributed to needy domestic tanks. Overflow from the communal tank is used for groundwater recharge. The CDRWH system model aims to increase water supply, reduce runoff, and conserve groundwater. The model simulation uses daily water balance analysis and yield before spillage algorithm. The simulation scenario uses variations in roof area, number of house occupants, storage tank volume, and rainfall categories: 20 years, wet year, normal year, and dry year. Jagakarsa, an urban area in South Jakarta, was selected for the CDRWH system modeling. The results showed that the CDRWH model significantly improved the performance of the volumetric reliability (VR) and time reliability (TR) systems. In addition, the model could show a comparison of total groundwater recharge (GWR) and groundwater extraction (GWE), where the GWR capacity was higher. This allows centralized rainwater management in communal tanks, thereby reducing groundwater usage. The design of this model is simple. Therefore it can be easily duplicated for application in other locations. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Communal-based domestic rainwater harvesting (CDRWH) Groundwater extraction (GWE) Groundwater recharge (GWR) Jagakarsa-South Jakarta Reduced runoff Water supply

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