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Taguchi optimization and analysis of variance for thermoelectric generators with forced convection air cooling

Applied Thermal engineering 2023年 231卷

作者： Chen, Wei-Hsin Carrera Uribe, Manuel Luo, Ding Jin, Liwen Huat Saw, Lip Lamba, Ravita Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics National Cheng Kung University Tainan701 Taiwan Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy Tunghai University Taichung407 Taiwan Department of Mechanical Engineering National Chin-Yi University of Technology Taichung411 Taiwan International Master Degree Program on Energy Engineering National Cheng Kung University Tainan701 Taiwan College of Electrical Engineering & New Energy China Three Gorges University Yichang443000 China Institute of Building Environment and Sustainable Technology School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science Tunku Abdul Rahman University Kajang43000 Malaysia Department of Electrical Engineering Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur India

In recent years, humanity has experienced the effects of using unsustainable energy sources that pollute the environment while being inefficient. Most of the primary energy input used in energy conversion processes is lost in the form of heat. Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) have the potential to recover some of this wasted heat;however, their low energy conversion efficiency needs to be addressed. Previous literature has shown effective optimization of thermoelectric generation systems through statistical tools such as the Taguchi method that optimized all the parameters that affect the outcome of the system. To this date, no research has considered wind speed for convection heat transfer as one of the optimizable parameters. This study aims to optimize the operating conditions of commercially available TEGs that are cooled by forced convection simulating naturally occurring wind speeds and operate under low-quality waste heat temperatures to improve the TEG performance further. Two commercially available TEGs are optimized via the Taguchi method. The Taguchi method is implemented with three parameters and three levels, making an L9 orthogonal array. The objective function is the maximum output power. The optimized parameters are the hot side temperature, the heat sink size, and the wind airspeed. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used alongside the Taguchi orthogonal array for the statistical analysis of the results. The optimization results show that the hot side temperature is the most influential parameter to the output power. In addition, the change in the heat sink size also significantly influences the output power, whereas the impact of the wind speed is not as significant. In addition, interaction analysis between the parameters is performed. The Taguchi method yields satisfactory optimization results. The optimized system yields 0.65 W of power at 140 °C hot side temperature, Model K402 heat sink, and 3.7 m·s−1 wind speed. The influence of the air velocity

关键词： Design of experiments

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Upcycling can waste and plastic bottle as functional material: Analysis of green process and simultaneous adsorption-photocatalytic performances

Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering

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Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental engineering 2025年 11卷

作者： Nurherdiana, Silvana Dwi Rahimah, Alya Dirja, Ramadhanu Tungga Dewi, Kun Prasasti Ramadhani, Mohamad Rizki Nugraha, Reva Edra Fitriana Wafi, Abdul Master of Environmental Science Study Program Faculty of Engineering and Science Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jawa Timur Jl. Rungkut Madya No. 1 Gn. Anyar Kec. Gunung Anyar East Java Surabaya 60294 Indonesia Study Program of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Science Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jawa Timur Jl. Rungkut Madya No. 1 Gn. Anyar Kec. Gunung Anyar East Java Surabaya 60294 Indonesia Low Carbon Technology Research Centre Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jawa Timur Jl. Rungkut Madya No.1 Gn. Anyar Kec. Gunung Anyar East Java Surabaya 60294 Indonesia Department of Physics Universitas Negeri Surabaya East Java Surabaya 60231 Indonesia Research Center for Food Technology and Processing National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) Gading Playen Gunungkidul Yogyakarta 55861 Indonesia

This study presents an investigation of chemical and physical characterization, green process analysis, techno-economic considerations, and carbon emissions for synthesizing metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) from plastic and can waste using microwave-assisted synthesis. The microwave-assisted synthesis proves to be more cost-effective, with a reduction in CO₂ emissions by up to 80%. The synthesized material (MIL-Mw-U) demonstrates excellent performance in methylene blue (MB) removal, achieving 98.41% removal, with 97.87% removal although the catalyst is used in the third cycle. The adsorption of methylene blue (MB) onto MIL-Mw-U achieved a maximum capacity of 295.26 mgg⁻¹ at pH 3 and decreased to 258.68 mgg⁻¹ at pH 11 due to OH⁻ competition. The Langmuir isotherm (R² = 0.9381) and pseudo-second-order kinetics (R² = 0.999) confirmed monolayer chemisorption as the dominant mechanism. This innovative approach supports circular economy principles by converting can and plastic bottle waste into functional material for dye removal, offering sustainable solutions for environmental challenges. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Adsorption Dye removal Green chemistry Metal organic frameworks Photocatalytic SDGs 13 Climate Change

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IoT smart wheelchair (I-SMILE): Ease of accessibility of persons with disability in society 5.0 to realize sustainable development goals in 2030

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2024年第1期3215卷

作者： Eriyadi Nata Syahputra Dananjaya Ariateja Tiara Rahayu Randi Agustio Corrina Lailatul Fadjri Wina Nur Saputri Electrical Engineering Study Program Departement of Defense Science and Technology Universitas Pertahanan Republik Indonesia Bogor Indonesia 16810 Biology Study Program Departement of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Pertahanan Republik Indonesia Bogor Indonesia 16810

WHO reports in 2022, that more than 2.5 billion people need assistive products such as wheelchairs in support of persons with disabilities. The research was conducted by making an I-SMILE prototype design and a mobile app mockup design. Followed by analysis and evaluation of the shortcomings of the built system are carried out consisting of the input part a network of sensors, the main control unit, and an output section consisting of several actuators. The results of the analysis of the trial are the ultrasonic sensor HC-SR04 itself where if the wheelchair approaches a barrier object such as a wall and others within a distance of 30 cm. MPU6050 sensor where this sensor is a Gyro sensor that is used to detect the level of the slope. The GPS sensor is Ublox Neo 7m which can use to monitor the position. The gas sensor is MQ 135 which can detect several gases such as alcohol, CO2, ammonia, and cigarette smoke. The heart rate detection sensor MAX 30100 monitors the heart rate in real-time, anti-decubitus cushion pillow, a belt for safe movement, three buttons for helping eat, go toilet, and ask for help, and all sensors monitor via smartphone. The innovation of the IoT Smart Wheelchair (I-SMILE) concept as an assistive technology in the society 5.0 era for increasing the functional independence of persons with disability. This is in line to achieve the 2030 SDGs towards the fulfillment of the rights of a person with disabilities in protection, quality, and sustainable education, and decent and equitable work.

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Comparison heuristics method for solving two echelon vehicle routing problem

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2024年第1期3029卷

作者： Muhammad Khahfi Zuhanda Saib Suwilo Opim Salim Sitompul Mardiningsih Informatics Engineering Study Program Faculty Engineering Universitas Medan Area Medan Indonesia Department of Mathematics Universitas Sumatera Utara Medan Indonesia Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology Universitas Sumatera Utara Medan Indonesia

Today, almost everyone has done online shopping activities. The presence of e-commerce makes it easier for humans to do shopping. E-commerce companies compete to provide the best service to the community. One of them is in the delivery within the city. In terms of city delivery, the 2E-VRP model has been discussed a lot lately in terms of consolidating shipments. This study aims to present the 2E-VRP mathematical model and work in two stages to find a solution. In this article, the author also compares solutions with several heuristic models including 2-opt, repetitive nearest neighbor, nearest neighbor, farthest insertion, cheapest insertion, arbitrary insertion, and nearest insertion. From the results of research conducted by the 2-opt method, farthest insertion, cheapest insertion, and nearest insertion, the total distance is the best, all three get the same distance, then followed by the nearest insertion, arbitrary insertion, and nearest insertion methods.

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The effect of koh activator concentration upon the characteristics of biomass-derived water hyacinth process on lithium-ion capacitor 16th

The effect of koh activator concentration upon the character...

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16th International Conference on Quality in Research, QiR 2019

作者： Luthfi, Muhammad Paduraksa, Jagad Verdianto, Ariono Pambudi, Yoyok Dwi Setyo Priyono, Bambang Syahrial, Anne Zulfia Lee, Joong Kee Hudaya, Chairul Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia Depok16424 Indonesia Energy System Engineering Study Program Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia Depok16424 Indonesia Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia Depok16424 Indonesia Center for Nuclear Reactor Technology and Safety BATAN Puspiptek Area SerpongTangerang Selatan15310 Indonesia Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5 Seongbuk-gu Seoul02792 Korea Republic of

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Single Phase AC Current Controller by Using Hysteresis Method 4

Single Phase AC Current Controller by Using Hysteresis Metho...

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4th International Conference on Energy, Environment, Epidemiology and Information System, ICENIS 2019

作者： Zulkhairi Facta, Mochammad Andromeda, Trias Hermawan Setiawan, Iwan Magister Study Program of Electrical Engineering Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia

Generally, the electrical power supply acts as a voltage source only but many applications, current sources are needed. In conventional methods, to provide a current source, an electric power supply with variable voltage is adjusted to give the amount of current. In some electrical applications and devices, there is a demand to have a constant voltage with a variable current. This paper proposes a single phase alternating current controller as a power supply with a current source that can be adjusted using the hysteresis method. The advantage of the hysteresis method is that the electric current can follow changes in setting values and have a good response to any changes in the load given. This method, the actual current can follow the reference flow as needed. During testing, the inverter has succeeded in producing 3 Ampere 50 Hz at the output voltage of 50 Volt which is sent to the load. In applications, the proposed power supply is useful as an inverter to convert DC current into AC current. Furthermore, this proposed inverter has the opportunity as a renewable energy resource converter to convert direct current from photovoltaic to alternating current for various electronic devices in industries and households. © The Authors, published by EDP sciences, 2019.

关键词： Hysteresis

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Investigation of a novel biocide material for biocorrosion in simulated seawater: A case study on Tinospora cordifolia extract

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Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental engineering 2024年 10卷

作者： Royani, Ahmad Hanafi, Muhammad Aigbodion, Victor Sunday Prastya, Muhammad Eka Verma, Chandrabhan Mubarak, Nabisab Mujawar Alfantazi, Akram Manaf, Azwar Research Center for Metallurgy National Research and Innovation Agency – BRIN Kawasan Puspiptek Banten Tangerang Selatan 15314 Indonesia Postgraduate Program of Materials Science Study Department of Physics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Indonesia Depok 16424 Indonesia Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine National Research and Innovation Agency – BRIN Kawasan Puspiptek Banten Tangerang Selatan 15314 Indonesia Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering University of Nigeria Nsukka 410001 Nigeria Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Khalifa University of Science and Technology P.O. Box 127788 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Petroleum and Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universiti Teknologi Brunei Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410 Brunei Darussalam Department of Biosciences Saveetha School of Engineering Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Chennai India

This case report investigates the preventive effect of Tinospora cordifolia extract on biocorrosion induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa on mild steel API 5L in the simulated seawater medium. Electrochemical techniques, spectroscopic techniques, and surface analysis were employed to investigate biocide performance and corrosion behavior. P. aeruginosa has been shown to enhance iron dissolution in seawater medium. These findings point to the role of P. aeruginosa bacteria in forming differential oxygen, which causes corrosion. Morphology results from atomic Fourier microscopy (AFM) highlight the presence of P. aeruginosa in biotic environments, where the surface is rougher than in abiotic conditions. On the other hand, adding T. cordifolia to the biotic medium resulted in a smoother and more homogeneous surface without any significant deterioration. Electrochemical findings reveal that adding 300 mg L⁻¹ of T. cordifolia extract prevents the microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) of steel API 5L, with an optimum effectiveness value of 74.50 % after 21 days of incubation. This protective effect is caused by forming a more compact iron oxide surface layer and the adsorption of phenolic active compounds such as Moupinamide and others on the surface of mild steel API 5L, as detected by liquid chromatography-mass/spectrometry-mass spectrometry (LCMS-MS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) techniques. © 2024 The Authors

关键词： Bio-corrosion Biofilm Green biocide Plant extract Pseudomonas aeruginosa Tinospora cordifolia

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Mini-Review: The potential of raffinose as a prebiotic

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental science 2022年第1期980卷

作者： A A Anggraeni Culinary Science Study Program Faculty of Engineering Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta Indonesia

Prebiotics are dietary fiber components that cannot be digested by the human gastrointestinal tract but can be selectively fermented by bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, prebiotics provides health effects for humans. The specificity of prebiotics is determined by the bacteria that are specifically capable of fermenting the prebiotic substrate. The characteristics of prebiotic substrate need to be investigated in-vitro and in-vivo to determine the function and effectiveness of the substrate as a prebiotic. The prebiotic production process must be able to keep the prebiotic components stable. Raffinose is an oligosaccharide that has potential as a prebiotic. This article will discuss raffinose chemical structure, degrading enzymes, and health benefits as a prebiotic. Raffinose consists of 3 monomers, namely α-D-galactose, α-D-glucose, and α-D-fructose. Substrates containing raffinose-family oligosaccharides (RFOs) are the source of raffinose. Those substrates can be degraded to raffinose by the α-1,6-galactosidase. Raffinose can increase the growth of lactic acid bacteria, suppress the growth of pathogenic bacteria, increase short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), reduce constipation, inhibit the formation of putrefactive compounds from protein, and reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

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Analysis Performance of Grid Tie Photovoltaic Type Polycrystalline Using Solar Irradiance Simulation 4

Analysis Performance of Grid Tie Photovoltaic Type Polycryst...

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4th International Conference on Energy, Environment, Epidemiology and Information System, ICENIS 2019

作者： Pratama, Kurniawan Galih Putra Hermawan, Hermawan Andromeda, Trias Magister Study Program of Electrical Engineering Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia

Indonesia is a country consisting of several islands some of which are still not covered by electricity. It is this source of PV that can be used to meet the needs of people who are not yet affordable with PLN electricity. Basically, PV includes the generation of new renewable energy types. This new form of energy comes from sunlight. Using semiconductor materials can convert energy from sunlight to electrical energy. Because in Indonesia this includes tropical climates located on the equator line, making Indonesia has a very high intensity of light. Several factors affect electrical energy, namely the extent of PV to be used, the total irradiance received by PV, the decrease in performance due to weather and cleanliness of the PV used such as snow and oiliness. In this study explained the Analysis of Irradian-based Grid Tie photovoltaic performance with Polycrystalline PV types. Taking irradian data using a Solar Power Meter, irradiance and temperature data at a certain time will use the Incremental Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) method, DC-DC boost converter, inverter, voltage source converter (VSC) using algorithm and equipment controls connected to network. This research is simulated using Matlab with the Simulink program. © The Authors, published by EDP sciences, 2019.

关键词： Solar energy

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Simulation of Grid-Tied Photovoltaic System Based on Solar Irradiance and Temperature Data in Semarang 4

Simulation of Grid-Tied Photovoltaic System Based on Solar I...

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4th International Conference on Energy, Environment, Epidemiology and Information System, ICENIS 2019

作者： Fomba, Ahmed Jumui Sumoi Hermawan, Hermawan Andromeda, Trias Facta, Mochammad Setiawan, Iwan Magister Study Program of Electrical Engineering Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia

This paper presents a simulation of a grid-connected photovoltaic power system. A complex model of power distribution system is developed in MATLAB Simulink, then it will be simulated to determine an amount of power delivered to the grid based on irradiance and temperature. Solar irradiance data collection is conducted using a solar irradiance meter. These weather data (solar irradiances and temperatures) are transformed into signal inputs and model through a grid-tied Photovoltaic (PV) model system which consists of PV, incremental conductance Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) method, DC-DC boost converter, inverter, voltage source converter (VSC) control algorithms, and grid equipment. The output variables can be related to current, voltage or power. However, tracing of the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics or power-voltage (P-V) characteristics are the vital need to grid-tied PV system operation. Changes in solar irradiance and temperature imply changes in output variables. Detailed modelling of the effect of irradiance and temperature, on the parameters of the PV module and the output parameters will be discussed. With the aid of this model, one can have a feasible idea about the solar energy generation potential at given locations. This comprehensive model is simulated using MATLAB/Simulink software. © The Authors, published by EDP sciences, 2019.

关键词： Solar energy

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