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Evaluating the impacts of environmental and human health of the critical minerals mining and processing industries in Indonesia using life cycle assessment

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Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental engineering 2024年 10卷

作者： Wahyono, Yoyon Sasongko, Nugroho Adi Trench, Allan Anda, Martin Hadiyanto, Hadiyanto Aisyah, Nyayu Anisah, Anisah Ariyanto, Novy Kumalasari, Isnaeni Putri, Virny Zasyana Eka Lestari, Mutia Citrawati Panggabean, Lambas Parlaungan Ridlo, Rohmadi Sundari, Sundari Suryaningtyas, Anissa Dewi Novianti, Endah Dwi Hakim, Muhammad Raihan Farras Prihatin, Anggara Lomak Matin, Hashfi Hawali Abdul Research Center for Sustainable Production System and Life Cycle Assessment National Research and Innovation Agency - BRIN Prof. BJ. Habibie Complex Area Banten Tangerang Selatan 15314 Indonesia Energy Security Graduate Program Republic of Indonesia Defense University IPSC Sentul Area West Java 16810 Indonesia Centre for Exploration Targeting School of Earth Sciences The University of Western Australia 35 Stirling Highway Crawley 6009 WA Australia UWA Business School 35 Stirling Highway Crawley 6009 WA Australia Environmental Engineering Murdoch University Murdoch 6150 WA Australia Doctoral Program of Environmental Science School of Postgraduate Studies Diponegoro University Central Java Semarang 50241 Indonesia Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Diponegoro University Central Java Semarang 50275 Indonesia Department of Mechanical Engineering Vocational School Gadjah Mada University Sleman Yogyakarya 55281 Indonesia Study Program of Environmental Science Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science Universitas Sebelas Maret Central Java Surakarta 57126 Indonesia

The critical minerals industries in Indonesia may pose possible environmental and human health risks due to the release of pollutants into soil, water, and air, as well as the use of materials and energy. This study investigates the possible environmental and human health impacts of Indonesia's nickel, gold, copper, tin, and bauxite mining and processing industries. This study utilizes the latest version of the OpenLCA software, version 2.0, in combination with the Ecoinvent 3.8 database. To evaluate potential environmental consequences and health effects on humans, CML-IA Baseline and Environmental Priority Strategies (EPS) are employed in product development. The EPS system was developed utilizing a hierarchical methodology with the objective of furnishing the product developer with data regarding the financial impact of human health impairment resulting from a particular product development. The production of one tonne of gold, nickel, bauxite, tin, and copper results in the emission of 7.34.E+07, 4.61.E+04, 3.10.E+04, 1.02.E+04, 8.01.E+03 kg CO₂ eq/t, respectively, contributing to global warming. This production is associated with asthma cases of 7.79.E+01 (gold industry), 2.21.E−03 (copper industry), 1.81.E−03 (tin industry), 9.21.E−04 (nickel industry), and 4.71.E−06 (bauxite industry) Personyears/t. Electricity consumption and the release of carbon dioxide are the main factors contributing to global warming. The primary cause of asthma cases is the utilization of fuel oil and electricity. Power plant chimneys can employ various technologies, such as cyclones, bag filters, and scrubbers, to mitigate the release of polluting gas emissions. The critical mineral industry must prioritize handling and governing of steam power facilities to minimize their negative effects on the environment and human health. © 2024 The Authors

关键词： Critical minerals industries Environmental impacts Human health impacts Life cycle assessment

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Educational robotics with tangible programming: A digital circuit for blocks communication with code and visual feedback transfer capabilities

Educational robotics with tangible programming: A digital ci...

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IEEE Latin American Robotics Symposium, LARS

作者： Jessica Toledo Salles Cristiane Pelisolli Cabral Rosane Aragon Alexandre Da Silva Simões Postgraduate Program in Electrical Engineering São Paulo State University (Unesp) Institute of Science and Technology Sorocaba Brazil Postgraduate Program in Education Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre Brazil Faculty of Education (FACED) Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre Brazil Control and Automation Engineering Department (DECA) São Paulo State University (Unesp) Institute of Science and Technology Sorocaba Brazil

ISBN: (数字)9781665462808

ISBN: (纸本)9781665462815

A large number of robotic kits is commercially available for children education nowadays. Regarding the programming possibilities of these kits, they are usually divided into three categories: i) textual languages based kits, ii) digital blocks based kits and iii) tangible blocks based kits. In tangible blocks kits, the programming instructions are represented by physical - touchable - elements like blocks, cards or buttons. Since these are concrete objects, they are usually more playful and accessible for young children mainly in the concrete operational stage. Another relevant aspect in robotic kits is the possibility for children to follow the code execution at runtime. This process may be crucial for comprehending the programming process and for developing debugging abilities. In tangible programming based kits, this visual tracking is far more complex than in textual or digital blocks based kits since it typically requires the transmission of information between a lot of distinct physical pieces. The present work proposes and discusses the implementation of a digital electronic circuit with bluetooth communication designed for educational robotics kit and capable to provide a visual feedback. Results demonstrate that the proposed circuit is functional and feasible for embedding in robotic kits at a low cost.

关键词： Visualization Codes Runtime Costs Education Debugging Robots

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Evaluation of communal wastewater treatment plant based on technical, institutional, and community participation aspects in South Surabaya 1

Evaluation of communal wastewater treatment plant based on t...

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1st International Conference on science and Technology for Environmental Protection, ICSTEP 2018

作者： Purnawanti, E. Oktavitri, N.I. Isnadina, D.R.M. Fitriani, N. Environmental Engineering Study Program Department of Biology Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Airlangga Indonesia

This study aims to discover the obstacles and provide recommendations on the technical and institutional aspects of the chosen communal WWTP. The methods used in this study were field survey and questionnaire. the data were analyzed using quantitative, qualitative, and SWOT analysis. There are 11 out of 13 communal WWTPs that do not work optimally. The technical obstacle encountered in the operation of the chosen communal WWTPs is the huge building capacity that does not meet the criteria of HRT design. The recommendations for the technical problem include lowering the water level and reducing the number of baffles in communal WWTP. The obstacle faced in the operation of chosen communal WWTPs in terms of institutional and community participation aspects is that the maintenance is only known by few people. The recommendation for the aspects of institutional and community participation is for KPP to arrange a socialization on the maintenance of communal WWTP based on its maintenance module. © 2019 IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Maintenance

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Profile of bovine teeth potency as hydroxyapatite scaffold

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2536卷

作者： Endanus Harijanto Anita Yuliati Prihartini Widiyanti Dental Material Department Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Airlangga Surabaya Indonesia Biomedical Engineering Study Program Department of Physics Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Airlangga Surabaya Indonesia

Background: Bone destructions in the oral cavity are due to trauma, chronic infection, congenital malformations, or resection surgery, most often by using an autologous bone graft technique. The problem using this technique are limited donors and suppliers, high cost, host potential imune response becauce accepts foreign bone tissue also potential transmission diseases. Another solution in tissue engineering techniques is using the scaffold. Hidroxyapatite is one of the osteoconductive potentialy ceramic materials in scaffold fabrication. Objective: To prove that bovine teeth hydroxyapatite have characteristic as scaffold for bone tissue regeneration. Methods: HA was obtained by calcining bovine teeth at 1000°C for 3 hours, Fourier Transform Infra Red Spectroscopy (FTIR) test , Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) test and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) test. Results: Bovine teeth hydroxyapatite to showed of hydroxyl, phosphate and carbonate functional groups (FTIR test). Average Ca/P=1.97. Conclusion: Hydroxyapatite from bovine teeth has potency as scaffold through the chemistry and physical characteristics.

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Online learning based on the viewpoint of electrical engineering department students

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2646卷

作者： Yuli Sutoto Nugroho Faried Wadjdi Suprapto Agus Hariyanto Electrical Engineering Department Universitas Negeri Surabaya Surabaya Indonesia Electrical Engineering Study Program Universitas Negeri Jakarta Jakarta Indonesia Civil Engineering Department Universitas Negeri Surabaya Surabaya Indonesia Sports Science Department Universitas Negeri Surabaya Surabaya Indonesia

Online learning has become a new trend during the Covid-19 pandemic. These affect a lot of the students. The viewpoints of students from the electrical engineering Department (JTE) Universitas Negeri Surabaya (Unesa) are important to increase the quality of online learning in the future. The purpose of this research is to find out the students' viewpoint regarding (1) online learning that has been running; (2) Eligibility of online learning to continue after the covid-19 pandemic; (3) Student opinion for the improvement of online learning in the future. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative, by distributing questionnaires. The total respondents of this research are 90 students from JTE. The results of this study indicate that JTE students are satisfied with the online learning that has been carried out. Therefore, they hope to continue this even though the covid-19 pandemic is over. In conclusion, online learning in JTE has been good even though there are various opinions for future improvements.

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Digital filter effect of the ventilator tester parameters to identify inflation phases

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2022年第1期2537卷

作者： Tomy Abuzairi Ahli Irfan Basari 1Electrical Engineering Study Program Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia Kampus UI Depok West Java 16424 Indonesia 3Research Center for Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia Kampus UI Depok West Java 16424 Indonesia 2Biomedical Engineering Study Program Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia Kampus UI Depok West Java 16424 Indonesia

A ventilator is a breathing support device that serves as a therapeutic tool or treatment tool for patients with respiratory system failure caused by various health problems or diseases. On ventilators, there are crucial parameters that need to be monitored in advance, such as inspiration–expiration (I:E) ratio, respiration rate, tidal volume, peak inspiration pressure (PIP), positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), and oxygen concentration. To monitor those parameters, a ventilator tester is needed. In this paper, we analyzed the effect of a digital filter in the ventilator tester, COVENT-Tester, to identify the inflation phase in the ventilator parameters. The results show that the digital filter is not effective in measuring I:E ratio and respiration rate because of the delay in inspiration and expiration time. However, the digital filter is effective in measuring tidal volume, PIP, PEEP, and oxygen concentration.

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The effect of ultraviolet exposure on physical properties of electrospun nanofiber membrane based on polyvinyl alcohol and aloe vera 4th

The effect of ultraviolet exposure on physical properties of...

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4th Padjadjaran International Physics Symposium, PIPS 2019

作者： Hikmawati, Dyah Maharani, Noveni Putri Putra, Alfian Pramudita Siswanto Department of Physics Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Airlangga SurabayaEast Java60115 Indonesia Biomedical Engineering Study Program Department of Physics Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Airlangga SurabayaEast Java60115 Indonesia Biomedical Signals and Systems Research Group Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Airlangga SurabayaEast Java60115 Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9783035716979

Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation in biomaterial synthesis is commonly used to do sterilization and to improve the physical characteristics. This study is aimed to study the characteristics of polyvinyl alcohol-Aloe vera (PVA-AV) nanofibers from electrospinning process, that was exposed by UV for 6 h with various power of 8, 10, 15, and 20 W. The physical properties of the fiber were characterized by using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) test, and water absorption test. The SEM images showed that the nanofibers were formed with s homogeneous structure and no bead was observed. The diameter and the thickness of the nanofibers are increased with the increase of the power of UV exposed to the samples. The biggest diameter was 319.60 ± 56.17 nm obtained at UV exposure power of 20 W. The FTIR test result indicated that there was no new chemical bond after the PVA-AV was exposed by UV. Meanwhile, the DSC test showed that the increase of power could increase the melting temperature (Tm) with the highest value of 189.51°C at UV exposure power of 20 W. The water absorption test showed that the highest water absorption was 739.6 % obtained at UV exposure power of 20 W. © 2020 Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland.

关键词： Nanofibers

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Effect of alginate and chitosan addition in the fabrication of polyvinyl alcohol-based matrix for tissue engineering applications

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2024年第1期3215卷

作者： Retno Wahyu Nurhayati Fatimah Azzahra Nuzli Fahdia Mazfufah Siti Fauziyah Rahman Wildan Mubarok Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia 16464 Depok Indonesia Research Center for Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia 16464 Depok Indonesia Stem Cells & Tissue Engineering Cluster Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia Jakarta 10430 Indonesia Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia Jakarta 10430 Indonesia Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia 16464 Depok Indonesia Division of Chemical Engineering Department of Materials Engineering Science Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University 560-0031 Toyonaka Japan

Recently, there has been a growing interest in artificial skin on hydrogels as a potential alternative for animal testing to evaluate the efficacy and safety of new drugs or cosmetics. Synthetic polymers have been widely used due to their superior physicochemical properties. However, synthetic polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) are limited by their poor biocompatibility and cell adhesion. Combining synthetic and natural polymers can improve these properties. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of alginate and chitosan addition to PVA-based hydrogels on protein adsorption, cell viability and cell attachment. The addition of chitosan decreased protein adsorption, which was caused by the changes in electrostatic charge by PVA-chitosan interaction and changes in surface roughness. Primary human fibroblast cells cultured on PVA, PVA-alginate and PVA-chitosan had >80% viability which indicates the cytocompatibility of the hydrogels. More importantly, alginate and chitosan also improved the cell attachment on the PVA-based hydrogels. Taken together, the addition of both alginate and chitosan has the potential to improve PVA-based hydrogels for artificial skin application.

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Design and Implementation study of 3.12 kWp on - Grid Rooftop Solar PV System 7

Design and Implementation Study of 3.12 kWp on - Grid Roofto...

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7th International Conference on electrical engineering and Informatics, ICEEI 2019

作者： Mizard, Ariyq Naufal Aryani, Dwi Riana Verdianto, Ariono Hudaya, Chairul Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia Department of Electrical Engineering Indonesia Energy System Engineering Master Study Program Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia Kampus Baru UI Depok 16424 Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9781728124186

Conversion of fossil fuels as an energy source can be achieved by optimizing the use of renewable energy. One of the most used renewable energy is solar photovoltaics (PV). At present, solar power plant is an electrification support system for certain buildings because the abundant availability of solar radiation. On this research, Power and energy observations are carried out to determine measure the load power trend, the amount of energy flow from PV to the load, as well as import or export power from or to utility grid by direct measurement on Mosque of faculty of engineering, Universitas Indonesia. According to the study, the highest power generated by solar power plant mostly occurs at 12:00 - 13:00 with the highest power generated by PV is 2,344 W and the exported power is 939 W, and 32.19% - 55.67% electricity energy savings consumption from utility grid. © 2019 IEEE.

关键词： Solar energy

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Justification on cyclopropene to propyne isomerization pathway based on vibrational calculations 4

Justification on cyclopropene to propyne isomerization pathw...

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4th Padjadjaran International Physics Symposium 2019, PIPS 2019

作者： Madinah, R. Rusydi, F. Boli, L.S.P. Khoirunisa, V. Fahmi, M.Z. Zaidan, A.H. Research Center for Quantum Engineering Design Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Airlangga Jl. Mulyorejo Surabaya60115 Indonesia Department of Physics Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Airlangga Jl. Mulyorejo Surabaya60115 Indonesia Engineering Physics Study Program Institut Teknologi Sumatera Lampung35365 Indonesia Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Airlangga Jl. Mulyorejo Surabaya60115 Indonesia

We report a density-functional coupled with vibrational calculation on justifying the isomerization pathway of cyclopropene to propyne. The idea is to present the pathway in energy level diagram which the transition state is ensured by tracking a particular mode that supports the cyclic bond breaking and triple bond formation to occur. This mode decreases along the pathway and disappears at the transition state. To verify the designed pathway, the activation energy of the isomerization is used to find the rate constant with respect to experimental data at 500 K and 700 K by using transition state theory (TST). At those temperatures, TST predicts the rate constant at the same order of magnitude with the experimental result. It shows that the trend between calculation and experimental data is qualitatively in a good agreement, which implies that the designed pathway is justified. Furthermore, this study can be used as a guide if one needs to construct an isomerization pathway. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Rate constants

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