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SSRN 2025年

作者： Saarimäki, Laura Aliisa Fratello, Michele del Giudice, Giusy Di Lieto, Emanuele Afantitis, Antreas Alenius, Harri Chiavazzo, Eliodoro Gulumian, Mary Karisola, Piia Lynch, Iseult Mancardi, Giulia Melagraki, Georgia Netti, Paolo A. Papadiamantis, Anastasios G. Peijnenburg, Willie Santos, Hélder A. Serchi, Tommaso Shahbazi, Mohammad-Ali Stoeger, Tobias Valsami-Jones, Eugenia Vivo, Paola Vrček, Ivana Vinković Vogel, Ulla Wick, Peter Winkler, David A. Serra, Angela Greco, Dario Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Tampere University Tampere33520 Finland Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences Faculty of Pharmacy University of Helsinki Helsinki00790 Finland NovaMechanics Ltd Nicosia Cyprus Institute of Environmental Medicine Karolinska Institutet Stockholm171 77 Sweden Research Program Medical Faculty University of Helsinki Helsinki00290 Finland Politecnico di Torino Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24 Torino10129 Italy National Institute for Occupational Health National Health Laboratory Services Johannesburg South Africa School of Geography Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Birmingham Birmingham United Kingdom Division of Physical Sciences and Applications Hellenic Military Academy Vari Greece Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials-CRIB University of Napoli Federico II P.le Tecchio 80 Napoli80125 Italy Institute of Environmental Sciences Leiden University Leiden Netherlands National Institute of Public Health and the Environment Center for Safety of Products and Substances Bilthoven Netherlands University of Groningen Groningen Netherlands Drug Research Program Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology Faculty of Pharmacy University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology 5 Avenue des Hauts Fourneaux Eschsur-Alzette4362 Luxembourg Munich Germany Solar Cells Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Tampere University P.O. Box 541 TampereFI-33014 Finland Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health Zagreb Croatia National Research Centre for the Working Environment Copenhagen ODK-2100 Denmark Lerchenfeldstrasse 5 St. Gallen9014 Switzerland La Trobe Institute of Molecular Science La Trobe University Bundoora3086 Australia Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash University Parkville3052 Australia School of Pharmacy University of Nottingham NottinghamNG7 2QL United Kingdom Tampere Institute for Advanced Study

The development of new approach methodologies (NAMs) to replace current in vivo testing for the safety assessment of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) is hindered by the scarcity of validated experimental data for a broad range of ENMs. We introduce a framework to address this challenge by harnessing the collective expertise of professionals from multiple complementary and related fields (‘wisdom of crowds’ or WoC). By integrating expert insights, we aim to fill data gaps and generate consensus concern scores for diverse ENMs, thereby enhancing the predictive power of nanosafety computational models. Our investigation reveals an alignment between expert opinion and experimental data, providing robust estimations of concern levels. Building upon these findings, we employ predictive machine learning models trained on the newly defined concern scores, ENM descriptors, and gene expression profiles, to quantify potential harm across various toxicity endpoints. These models further revealed key genes potentially involved in underlying toxicity mechanisms. Notably, genes associated with metal ion homeostasis, inflammation, and oxidative stress emerge as predictors of ENM toxicity across diverse endpoints. This study showcases the value of integrating expert knowledge and computational modeling to address the complexity of nanomaterial safety. Our work suggests that this interdisciplinary approach enhances the accuracy and efficiency of safety assessment in the rapidly evolving landscape of nanotechnology. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nanoclay

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Analysis of chemical compound in essential oil from clove stem using the FTIR and GCMS methods

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2738卷

作者： Hermin Pancasakti Kusumaningrum Galih Wiji Agung Fakhri Santo Khoirudin Lailatul Khoiriyah Ardian Fikri Amrullah Farah Hanifah Handika Arya Listyanto Muhammad Zainuri I. Nyoman Widiasa Indra Gunawan Biotechnology Study Program Biology Department Faculty of Science and Mathematics Diponegoro University Jl. Prof. Soedharto SH. Tembalang Semarang 50275 Indonesia Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Diponegoro University Jl. Prof. Soedharto SH. Tembalang Semarang 50275 Indonesia Chemistry Department Faculty of Science and Mathematics Diponegoro University Jl. Prof. Soedharto SH. Tembalang Semarang 50275 Indonesia Marine Laboratory Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Diponegoro University Jl. Prof. Soedharto SH. Tembalang Semarang 50275 Indonesia

Clove (Syzigium aromaticum) is an essential oil-producing plant which is widely found in Indonesia. Essential oil was made from it flower buds, leaves and stems for toothpaste, soaps, cosmetics, perfumes and cigarettes industries. Clove oil has been used in medicinal purposes for relieving pain, treating infection, easing digestive upset, dental and topical application. The objectives of the GC-MS analysis is to measure the type and content of compounds present in the clove stem sample, while the FT-IR analysis is to obtain the infrared spectrum on the clove stem sample through emission or absorption of solids, liquids. and gases in the sample. The chemical functional groups that were read through FT-IR on stem clove oil indicated that it contained aromatic compounds in the form of eugenol and eugenol acetate. The eugenol compound was the main component of the clove stem. The results of GC-MS analysis showed the chemical composition of clove oil consists of 28 compounds with the dominant components of clove oil are eugenol and caryophyllene (93% and 4.80%).

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Correction: Optimized framework for evaluating F3 transgressive segregants in cayenne pepper

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BMC plant biology 2025年第1期25卷 300页

作者： Ifayanti Ridwan Muh Farid Feranita Haring Nuniek Widiayani Ahmad Yani Nirwansyah Amier Muhammad Alfan Ikhlasul Amal Jekvy Hendra Nawab Ali Mekhled M Alenazi Mahmoud F Seleiman Willy Bayuardi Suwarno Muhammad Fuad Anshori Department of Agronomy Faculty of Agriculture Hasanuddin University Makassar 90245 Indonesia. Agrotechnology Bachelor Study Program Faculty of Agriculture Hasanuddin University Makassar 90245 Indonesia. Agrotechnology Master Study Program Faculty of Agriculture Hasanuddin University Makassar 90245 Indonesia. Agricultural Science Doctoral Program Graduate School Hasanuddin University Makassar 90245 Indonesia. Directorate of Horticultural Protection Agricultural Ministry Jakarta 12520 Indonesia. Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering (BAE) College of Agriculture and Natural Resources Michigan State University East Lansing USA. Department of Plant Production College of Food and Agriculture Sciences King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia. Department of Agronomy and Horticulture Faculty of Agriculture IPB University Bogor 11680 Indonesia. Department of Agronomy Faculty of Agriculture Hasanuddin University Makassar 90245 Indonesia. fuad.anshori@unhas.ac.id.

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Nonreciprocal transport in a bilayer of MnBi2Te4 and Pt

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Ye, Chen Xie, Xiangnan Lv, Wenxing Huang, Ke Yang, Allen Jian Jiang, Sicong Liu, Xue Zhu, Dapeng Qiu, Xuepeng Tong, Mingyu Zhou, Tong Hsu, Chuang-Han Chang, Guoqing Lin, Hsin Li, Peisen Yang, Kesong Wang, Zhenyu Jiang, Tian Wang, Xiao Renshaw Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing College of Computer Science and Technology National University of Defense Technology Changsha410073 China Physics Laboratory Industrial Training Center Shenzhen Polytechnic Guangdong Shenzhen518055 China Department of NanoEngineering Program of Chemical Engineering University of California La Jolla San DiegoCA92093-0448 United States Program of Materials Science and Engineering University of California La Jolla San DiegoCA92093-0418 United States Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology Anhui University Hefei230601 China Fert Beijing Institute MIIT Key Laboratory of Spintronics School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering Beihang University Beijing100191 China Beihang-Goertek Joint Microelectronics Institute Qingdao Research Institute Beihang University Qingdao266000 China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and Technology School of Physics Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai200092 China College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies National University of Defense Technology Changsha410073 China Insitute of Physics Academia Sinica Taipei115229 Taiwan College of Intelligence Science and Technology National University of Defense Technology Changsha410073 China National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology Academy of Military Sciences PLA China Beijing100010 China Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences Beijing100084 China Beijing Institute for Advanced Study National University of Defense Technology Changsha410073 China School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Ave 639798 Singapore

MnBi2Te4 (MBT) is the first intrinsic magnetic topological insulator with the interaction of spin-momentum locked surface electrons and intrinsic magnetism, and it exhibits novel magnetic and topological phenomena. Recent studies suggested that the interaction of electrons and magnetism can be affected by the Mn-doped Bi2Te3 phase at the surface due to inevitable structural defects. Here we report an observation of nonreciprocal transport, i.e. current-direction-dependent resistance, in a bilayer composed of antiferromagnetic MBT and nonmagnetic Pt. The emergence of the nonreciprocal response below the Néel temperature confirms a correlation between nonreciprocity and intrinsic magnetism in the surface state of MBT. The angular dependence of the nonreciprocal transport indicates that nonreciprocal response originates from the asymmetry scattering of electrons at the surface of MBT mediated by magnon. Our work provides an insight into nonreciprocity arising from the correlation between magnetism and Dirac surface electrons in intrinsic magnetic topological insulators. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Magnetism

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Measuring hand use in the home after cervical spinal cord injury using egocentric video

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Bandini, Andrea Dousty, Mehdy Hitzig, Sander L. Craven, B. Catharine Kalsi-Ryan, Sukhvinder Zariffa, José KITE Research Institute Toronto Rehabilitation Institute University Health Network Canada The BioRobotics Institute Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna Pisa Italy Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna Pisa Italy Institute of Biomedical Engineering University of Toronto TorontoON Canada Rehabilitation Sciences Institute Temerty Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto TorontoON Canada St. John's Rehab Research Program Sunnybrook Research Institute Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre TorontoON Canada Department of Occupational Science & Occupational Therapy Temerty Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto TorontoON Canada Brain and Spinal Cord Rehabilitation Program Toronto Rehabilitation Institute University Health Network TorontoON Canada Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department of Medicine Temerty Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto TorontoON Canada Department of Physical Therapy University of Toronto TorontoON Canada Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Toronto TorontoON Canada

Egocentric video has recently emerged as a potential solution for monitoring hand function in individuals living with tetraplegia in the community, especially for its ability to detect functional use in the home environment. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a wearable vision-based system for measuring hand use in the home among individuals living with tetraplegia. Several deep learning algorithms for detecting functional hand-object interactions were developed and compared. The most accurate algorithm was used to extract measures of hand function from 65 hours of unscripted video recorded at home by 20 participants with tetraplegia. These measures were: the percentage of interaction time over total recording time (Perc);the average duration of individual interactions (Dur);the number of interactions per hour (Num). To demonstrate the clinical validity of the technology, egocentric measures were correlated with validated clinical assessments of hand function and independence (Graded Redefined Assessment of Strength, Sensibility and Prehension - GRASSP, Upper Extremity Motor Score - UEMS, and Spinal Cord Independent Measure - SCIM). Hand-object interactions were automatically detected with a median F1-score of 0.80 (0.67-0.87). Our results demonstrated that higher UEMS and better prehension were related to greater time spent interacting, whereas higher SCIM and better hand sensation resulted in a higher number of interactions performed during the egocentric video recordings. For the first time, measures of hand function automatically estimated in an unconstrained environment in individuals with tetraplegia have been validated against internationally accepted measures of hand function. Future work will necessitate a formal evaluation of the reliability and responsiveness of the egocentric-based performance measures for hand use. © 2022, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Video recording

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Hairpin BPF filter design for onboard unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) datalink system

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2941卷

作者： Yanuar Prabowo Naila Najati Yanuar Firmansyah Kandi Rahardiyanti Iwan Nofi Yono Putro Teguh Praludi Cahya Edi Santosa Hendi Santosa Gunawan Setyo Prabowo Research Center for Aeronautics Technology National Research and Innovation Agency Bogor Indonesia Research Center for Satellite Technology National Research and Innovation Agency Bogor Indonesia Research Center for Rocket Technology National Research and Innovation Agency Bogor Indonesia Center for Data and Information National Research and Innovation Agency Kebumen Indonesia Research Center for Telecommunication National Research and Innovation Agency Bandung Indonesia Electrical Engineering Study Program Faculty of Engineering University of Bengkulu Bengkulu Indonesia

The datalink system is required for communication between the UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) to the GCS (Ground Control System). In this research, a hairpin BPF (Band Pass Filter) filter will be designed to develop block RF components in the UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) datalink system. The filter is designed at specific ISM (Industrial, Scientific, Medical) for frequency of 2.401-2.483GHz according to WiFi application with standard 802.11 b/g/n. The UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) datalink system with this frequency can pass telemetry data and payload data in one frequency channel. NPC H220A substrate with a dielectric constant of 2.18 and a thickness of 1.2 mm was used to design the BPF filter. The filter simulation results show the S11 values ranging from <-18.38 dB to-20dB at a frequency of 2.401GHz – 2.483GHz. Insertion loss values are obtained from <-1.4 dB to 0.76 dB. It is hoped that this filter design can be used for RF system applications on the UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) communication datalink that is being developed.

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Graphene Terahertz Devices for Sensing and Communication

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Samaha, Anna-Christina Doumani, Jacques Kritzell, T. Elijah Xu, Hongjing Baydin, Andrey Ajayan, Pulickel M. Tahchi, Mario El Kono, Junichiro Laboratory of Biomaterials and Intelligent Materials Department of Physics Faculty of Sciences 2 Lebanese University P.O. Box 90656 Jdeidet Lebanon Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University 6100 Main Street HoustonTX77005 United States Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley–Curl Institute Rice University 6100 Main Street HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice University 6100 Main Street HoustonTX77005 United States Smalley–Curl Institute Rice University 6100 Main Street HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering Rice University 6100 Main Street HoustonTX77005 United States Carbon Hub Rice University 6100 Main Street HoustonTX77005 United States

Graphene-based terahertz (THz) devices have emerged as promising platforms for a variety of applications, leveraging graphene’s unique optoelectronic properties. This review explores recent advancements in utilizing graphene in THz technology, focusing on two main aspects: THz molecular sensing and THz wave modulation. In molecular sensing, the environment-sensitive THz transmission and emission properties of graphene are utilized for enabling molecular adsorption detection and biomolecular sensing. This capability holds significant potential, from the detection of pesticides to DNA at high sensitivity and selectivity. In THz wave modulation, crucial for next-generation wireless communication systems, graphene demonstrates remarkable potential in absorption modulation when gated. Novel device structures, spectroscopic systems, and metasurface architectures have enabled enhanced absorption and wave modulation. Furthermore, techniques such as spatial phase modulation and polarization manipulation have been explored. From sensing to communication, graphene-based THz devices present a wide array of opportunities for future research and development. Finally, advancements in sensing techniques not only enhance biomolecular analysis but also contribute to optimizing graphene’s properties for communication by enabling efficient modulation of electromagnetic waves. Conversely, developments in communication strategies inform and enhance sensing capabilities, establishing a mutually beneficial relationship. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Graphene

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Regularity and numerical approximation of fractional elliptic differential equations on compact metric graphs

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Bolin, David Kovács, Mihály Kumar, Vivek Simas, Alexandre B. Statistics Program Computer Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal23955-6900 Saudi Arabia Department of Mathematical Sciences Chalmers University of Technology University of Gothenburg GothenburgSE-41296 Sweden Department of Differential Equations Budapest University of Technology and Economics Mauegyetem rkp. 3. BudapestH-1111 Hungary Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics Pázmány Péter Catholic University Práter utca 50/a. BudapestH-1083 Hungary Theoretical Statistics and Mathematics Unit Indian Statistical Institute Bangalore Centre 8th Mile Mysore Road Karnataka Bangalore560059 India

The fractional differential equation Lβu = f posed on a compact metric graph is considered, where β > 0 and L = κ2 − ∇(a∇) is a second-order elliptic operator equipped with certain vertex conditions and sufficiently smooth and positive coefficients κ, a. We demonstrate the existence of a unique solution for a general class of vertex conditions and derive the regularity of the solution in the specific case of Kirchhoff vertex conditions. These results are extended to the stochastic setting when f is replaced by Gaussian white noise. For the deterministic and stochastic settings under generalized Kirchhoff vertex conditions, we propose a numerical solution based on a finite element approximation combined with a rational approximation of the fractional power L−β. For the resulting approximation, the strong error is analyzed in the deterministic case, and the strong mean squared error as well as the L2(Γ×Γ)error of the covariance function of the solution are analyzed in the stochastic setting. Explicit rates of convergences are derived for all cases. Numerical experiments for L = κ2 − ∆, κ > 0 are performed to illustrate the *** Codes 35R02, 35A01, 35A02, 60H15, 60H40 Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Errors

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Prediction of the activity of carbohydrate moiety of bromelain as immunomodulator using an in silico approach

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2480卷

作者： Trina Ekawati Tallei Fatimawali Afriza Yelnetty Nurdjannah Jane Niode Diah Kusumawaty Billy Johnson Kepel Souvia Rahimah Yunus Effendi Rinaldi Idroes Sefren Geiner Tumilaar Shafi Mahmud Talha Bin Emran Department of Biology Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Sam Ratulangi University Manado 95115 North Sulawesi Indonesia Pharmacy Study Program Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Sam Ratulangi University Manado 95115 North Sulawesi Indonesia Animal Products Technology Study Program Faculty of Animal Husbandry Sam Ratulangi University Manado 95115 North Sulawesi Indonesia Department of Dermatology and Venereology Faculty of Medicine University of Sam Ratulangi RD Kandou Hospital Manado 95163 North Sulawesi Indonesia Department of Biology Education Faculty of Mathematics and Science Education Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia Bandung 40154 Jawa Barat Indonesia Department of Chemistry Faculty of Medicine Sam Ratulangi University Manado 95115 North Sulawesi Indonesia Food Technology Study Program Department of Food Industrial Technology Faculty of Agroindustrial Technology Universitas Padjadjaran Jatinangor 45363 West Java Indonesia Biology Study Program Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Al Azhar Jakarta 12110 Indonesia Department of Pharmacy Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Syiah Kuala Kopelma Darussalam Banda Aceh 23111 Indonesia Microbiology Laboratory Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology University of Rajshahi Rajshahi 6205 Bangladesh Department of Pharmacy BGC Trust University Bangladesh Chittagong 4381 Bangladesh

Bromelain is a glycoprotein that contains a single carbohydrate moiety group and displays proteolytic activity. Bromelain has long been known to act as an immunomodulator; however, the immunomodulatory activity of its carbohydrate moiety has been very rarely studied and is not well understood. This study aimed to predict the immunomodulatory activity of the carbohydrate moiety of bromelain (CMB) by evaluating it using the PASS server, and the binding affinities between CMB and various pro-inflammatory cytokines were analyzed using a molecular docking approach. This research was conducted by docking the CMB ligand to the following receptor proteins: interleukin-6 (IL-6), IκBβ/nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65 homodimer complex (IκBα/NF-κB p65), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and IL-1β. The biological potential of CMB was predicted using the online PASS server. The results of the computational analysis indicated that the highest binding energy was identified between CMB and IκBβ/NF-κB p65 (−10.3 kcal/mol), followed by TNF-α (−9.7 kcal/mol), and IL-6 and IL-1β, with values of −8.2 kcal/mol for both. The CMB activity predicted by the Way2Drug PASS server indicated that this molecule is likely to display significant immunostimulant activity. These findings suggested that CMB can be considered a potential lead molecule for further drug development to identify agent that can prevent or cure inflammation and restore balance to the immune system. However, the predictions determined in this study remain to be validated in future in vitro and in vivo studies.

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Phosphotungstic acid (H₃PW₁₂O₄₀)-loaded onto titanium porous montmorillonite heterostructure for the effective enhanced kinetics and thermodynamic conversion of citronellal

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Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental engineering 2025年 11卷

作者： Fatimah, Is Yahya, Amri Rubiyanto, Dwiarso Sagadevan, Suresh Oh, Won-Chun Doong, Ruey-an Department of Chemistry Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Islam Indonesia Kampus Terpadu UII Jl. Kaliurang Km 14 Sleman Yogyakarta Indonesia Nanomaterials and Sustainable Chemistry Research Centre Chemistry Laboratory Universitas Islam Indonesia Kampus Terpadu UII Jl. Kaliurang Km 14 Sleman Yogyakarta Indonesia Chemistry Study Program Nusa Bangsa University JL. KH Sholeh Iskandar KM.4 Tanah Sareal Bogor 16166 Indonesia Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia Department of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering Hanseo University Seosan-si 356-706 South Korea Institute of Analytical and Environmental Sciences National Tsing Hua University 101 Sec 2 Kuang Fu Road Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan

In present work, nanocomposite of phosphotungstic acid (H3PW12O40)-loaded onto titanium-porous clay heterostructure (PTA/Ti–PCH) was prepared using natural montmorillonite as parent material (Mnt). Characterization o... 详细信息

In present work, nanocomposite of phosphotungstic acid (H₃PW₁₂O₄₀)-loaded onto titanium-porous clay heterostructure (PTA/Ti–PCH) was prepared using natural montmorillonite as parent material (Mnt). Characterization of the material was performed using X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier-Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy, and solid acidity measurement. The material was examined as superacid catalyst in citronellal conversion into isopulegol by varied reaction conditions. Kinetics and thermodynamic studies of catalyzed reaction revealed the role of increased total surface acidity and the Lewis to Brønsted to enhance the reaction conversion and selectivity. Thermodynamic study demonstrated a lower activation energy of the reaction over PTA/Ti–PCH compared to Ti–PCH. A 100 % conversion was exhibited by the sample during 120 min of the reaction at 90°C, and the sample also demonstrated activity at room temperature. Reusability of the sample was expressed by a maintained conversion until 5th cycle. Conclusively, the prepared material showed a potency to be developed for heterogeneously acid-catalyzed organic reactions. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Acid Citronellal Clay-based nanocomposite Heterogeneous catalysis Porous clay heterostructure

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