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A New Approach to Determine Feasible Operating Region of Unbalanced Distribution Networks with Distributed Photovoltaics

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IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 2025年第3期40卷 1493-1504页

作者： Prasad, Manorath Rather, Zakir Hussain Razzaghi, Reza Doolla, Suryanarayana Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Department of Energy Science and Engineering Mumbai India Monash University Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering Melbourne Australia

Amidst rising distributed generation and its potential role in grid management, this article presents a new realistic approach to determine the operational space and flexibility potential of an unbalanced active distribution network. The feasible operating region of an active distribution network is constituted by its range of active-reactive power exchanges with the bulk power system without breaching network constraints. This study explores the potential of highly penetrated single- and three-phase distributed photovoltaics and voltage-sensitive loads to determine the feasible operating region at different operating points. The cumulative response of Volt-Var controlled distributed photovoltaics and voltage-sensitive loads determines the power flow at the bulk power system-active distribution network interconnection, ensuring feasibility with respect to voltage magnitude and unbalance constraints. Further, the correspondence of feasible operating region with the tap-settings of substation transformer enables a novel feature to traverse throughout the available operating region and facilitate bulk power system-active distribution network power coordination. Additionally, a nodal sensitivity-based adjustable Volt-Var control scheme is proposed for distributed photovoltaics, improving the feasible operating region. The proposed strategy is validated on bulk power systemactive distribution network integrated test system. Bulk power system: IEEE-9 bus system-Active distribution network: (highly unbalanced IEEE-13 bus distribution system (medium voltage) + modified CIGRE low voltage system). © 1986-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Power distribution networks

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Graph isomorphism—Characterization and efficient algorithms

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High-Confidence Computing 2024年第4期4卷 48-55页

作者： Jian Ren Tongtong Li Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing 48824USA

The Graph isomorphism problem involves determining whether two graphs are isomorphic and the computational complexity required for this *** general,the problem is not known to be solvable in polynomial time,nor to be *** this paper,by analyzing the algebraic properties of the adjacency matrices of the undirected graph,we first established the connection between graph isomorphism and matrix row and column interchanging ***,we prove that for undirected graphs,the complexity in determining whether two graphs are isomorphic is at most O(n^(3)).

关键词： Undirected graph Characterization Isomorphism Algorithm Polynomial time complexity

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A novel trusted hardware-based scalable security framework for IoT edge devices

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Discover Internet of Things 2024年第1期4卷 4页

作者： Khan, Mohd Hatami, Mohsen Zhao, Wenfeng Chen, Yu Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Binghamton University BinghamtonNY13902 United States

The Internet of Things (IoT) devices are pervasively deployed and embedded into our daily lives. Over several years, the massive assimilation of IoT devices has given rise to smart cities, smart factories, smart farms, etc. While IoTs can collect immense amounts of user and environmental information, the lack of adequate security measures is among the major concerns about information security and privacy. With the ever-increasing presence of IoTs, information flow between IoT devices in a single or multi-layered network is becoming increasingly vulnerable to attacks. Although several software-based solutions have been developed over the years that improve the security of resource-constrained IoT devices, there are limited efforts on hardware-oriented IoT security solutions. This paper proposes a Trusted HArdware-based Scalable Secure Architecture (THASSA) for IoT Edge systems. Leveraging standard cryptographic algorithms, THASSA provides a secure mechanism for data transfer and off-loads cryptography operations to trusted hardware. The modularized THASSA architecture allows devices to be added or removed without user intervention. Also, THASSA could be scaled to multiple subsystems using multiple trusted hardware to form IoT clusters with secure data path(s) for mission-critical applications. An experimental study has verified the correctness and effectiveness of THASSA. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Internet of things

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Quantum Circuits for Stabilizer Error Correcting Codes: A Tutorial

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IEEE Circuits and Systems Magazine 2024年第1期24卷 33-51页

作者： Mondal, Arijit Parhi, Keshab K. University of Minnesota Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering MinneapolisMN55455 United States

Quantum computers have the potential to provide exponential speedups over their classical counterparts. Quantum principles are being applied to fields such as communications, information processing, and artificial intelligence to achieve quantum advantage. However, quantum bits are extremely noisy and prone to decoherence. Thus, keeping the qubits error free is extremely important toward reliable quantum computing. Quantum error correcting codes have been studied for several decades and methods have been proposed to import classical error correcting codes to the quantum domain. Along with the exploration into novel and more efficient quantum error correction codes, it is also essential to design circuits for practical realization of these codes. This article serves as a tutorial on designing and simulating quantum encoder and decoder circuits for stabilizer codes. We first describe Shor's 9-qubit code which was the first quantum error correcting code. We discuss the stabilizer formalism along with the design of encoding and decoding circuits for stabilizer codes such as the five-qubit code and Steane code. We also design nearest neighbor compliant circuits for the above codes. The circuits were simulated and verified using IBM Qiskit. © 2001-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Timing circuits

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Physical-Layer Identification of Wireless IoT Nodes Through PUF-Controlled Transmitter Spectral Regrowth

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IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 2024年第2期72卷 1045-1055页

作者： Zhou, Qiang He, Yan Yang, Kaiyuan Chi, Taiyun Rice University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering HoustonTX77005 United States

Securing low-power Internet-of-Things (IoT) sensor nodes is a critical challenge for the widespread adoption of IoT technology due to their limited energy, computation, and storage resources. As an alternative to the traditional wireless security solution based on cryptography, there has been growing interest in RF physical-layer security, which promises a lower overhead and energy cost. In this work, we demonstrate energy-efficient physical-layer identification, a.k.a., RF fingerprinting, designed specifically for resource-constrained IoT nodes. To enhance the identification performance beyond prior demonstrations using off-the-shelf radios, we propose a minor modification to the radio frontend by integrating a digital physically unclonable function (PUF). The PUF controls the transmitter (TX) spectral regrowth as the RF fingerprint (RFF), enhancing its uniqueness and identification space beyond solely relying on transistor intrinsic process variations. As a proof of concept, a 2.4-GHz physical-layer identification is implemented in the GlobalFoundries 45-nm CMOS SOI process. It achieves 4.7-dBm output power and 36% efficiency, which are comparable to state-of-the-art low-power 2.4-GHz power amplifiers (PAs). Additionally, it demonstrates significant improvement in RFF reliability, uniqueness, and identification space over prior physical-layer identification demonstrations. The identification rate and security performance of the proposed approach under different attack models are also discussed. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Power amplifiers

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Image description using tags latent concepts in convolutional neural networks

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2024年 1-24页

作者： Barati, Alireza Farsi, Hassan Mohamadzadeh, Sajad Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Birjand Shahid Avini Highway Birjand Iran

Automatic image annotation systems are employed to describe the visual content of images via tag assignment. Most of these image description systems use deep convolutional neural networks as feature extractors or multi-label classification systems. However, the majority of these systems do not optimally employ latent variables and image concepts within the side information. The idea of this study is to add a latent variable to the CNN-based annotation problem. A Bayesian modeling framework is used for this purpose. High-Level Semantic Concepts of tags are used as an instance of a latent variable to implement the proposed model. The Bayesian modeling result interpretation leads to localizing the entire image annotation process and breaks it down into smaller problems. Thus, a CNN-based sub-network is trained independently for each sub-problem and converted to an expert in annotation for a particular high-level semantic concept. To estimate tags in the test phase, the tags obtained from all sub-networks are combined in weighted form. The weight of each sub-net is proportional to the relation of its high-level semantic concept with the test image content. These weights are obtained from a separate general CNN as a classifier of concept. At the end, a tag refinement method is used to remove noisy tags. The obtained results (F1 values are 40.3, 35.2, and 38.1 for Corel5k, ESPGame, and IAPRTC12 datasets, respectively) confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method and can be comparable with the state-of-the-art annotation systems. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Image annotation

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Detecting Braess-like Paradoxes in Cascade Failures via Markov Chains 63

Detecting Braess-like Paradoxes in Cascade Failures via Mark...

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63rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, CDC 2024

作者： Materassi, Donatello Tomsovic, Kevin University of Minnesota Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Engineering United States Clemson University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350316339

The article wants to draw attention to the potential occurrence of Braess-like phenomena in the context of cascade failures, where certain networked system configurations, which might appear more resilient than others because of the presence of additional redundancies, actually exhibit an unexpected higher degree of fragility. To elucidate and attempt to quantify this counterintuitive phenomenon, the article introduces an approach that leverages basic elements of the theory of Markov chains. Indeed, if it is possible to estimate the probabilities of local failures within the system, a comprehensive Markov Embedding Chain can be defined. This chain not only can capture the interplay of sequences of failure events, but can also provide a means to detect and analyze the latent brittleness inherent in seemingly resilient systems. An intrinsic advantage of this approach lies in its model-agnostic nature, allowing its application across a wide array of infrastructures and distributed systems irrespective of the actual underlying failure model. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Markov chains

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Advanced Voltage and Reactive Power Control in Modern Distribution Networks with High Penetration of Distributed Generation: A Fuzzy Logic-Based Approach for 2025 Challenges 12

Advanced Voltage and Reactive Power Control in Modern Distri...

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12th Iranian Conference on Renewable Energies and Distributed Generation, ICREDG 2025

作者： Azarinfar, Hossein Khosravi, Mohsen Sadoughi, Mahmood University of Gonabad Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering Gonabad Iran

ISBN: (纸本)9798331525132

This paper presents a novel, efficient, and computationally lightweight approach for voltage and reactive power control in distribution networks with high penetration of distributed generation (DG) using advanced Fuzzy Logic techniques. Unlike traditional methods that rely on complex and time-consuming calculations, the proposed methodology ensures simplicity while maintaining precision and scalability. The core innovation lies in the dynamic modeling of DG's active and reactive power equations, which are adapted to the unique characteristics of electrical distribution networks, including overhead line conductors. This ensures optimal integration of DG without causing voltage violations or instability at the point of interconnection. To validate the accuracy and practical applicability of the proposed approach, extensive simulations were conducted on the IEEE 34-Node Test Feeder using ETAP software. The study evaluates the impact of capacitive compensation structures and DG integration under various load scenarios across three distinct cases, offering a comprehensive analysis of system performance. Results demonstrate significant improvements in voltage stability, reactive power management, and overall system efficiency. Additionally, the proposed framework provides a robust decision-making tool for optimal DG utilization, addressing the emerging challenges of modern power distribution systems in 2025 and beyond. This work sets a new benchmark for sustainable and intelligent voltage control in future smart grids. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Decision making

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Rotor Eccentricity Impact on Electromagnetic Behavior in Combined Winding Bearingless Motors Towards Displacement Self-Sensing

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IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion 2025年第1期40卷 323-336页

作者： Petersen, Nathan P. Severson, Eric L. Department of Electrical Computer Engineering MadisonWI53706 United States University of Minnesota Department of Mechanical Engineering MinneapolisMN55455 United States

Levitation control of bearingless motors requires rotor displacement sensors. Recent research has explored self-sensing (sensorless) control which enables removing these sensors, but only for separated windings. Combined windings - where each coil can create torque and force - have been proven to be a critical component for realizing high performance bearingless motors for industrial applications. These applications are often cost-sensitive and require bearingless solutions with minimal overhead compared to traditional motors. Self-sensing control with combined windings removes barriers for wider adoption of bearingless technology - this paper forms the analytic basis for showing this is possible. The primary contribution is a unified modeling framework which encompasses several popular combined winding types found in the literature. For each winding type, winding functions are defined - each type with differing winding coil circuit arrangements and drive interfaces. The terminal inductance matrix and back-EMF is computed to include the effects of a non-centered rotor, and then transformed into decoupled torque and suspension force components. Through the presented transformations, all combined winding types support radial self-sensing, albeit with additional control complexity. Finite element simulations and hardware experiments validate the modeling approach. Future self-sensing research can build upon these models to design control algorithms and machines which work for any combined winding type. © 1986-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Winding

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Hierarchical Control Strategy for Load Regulation Based on Stackelberg Game Theory Considering Randomness

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第3期10卷 929-941页

作者： Tingyu Jiang Ping Ju C.Y.Chung Yuzhong Gong College of Energy and Electrical Engineering Hohai UniversityNanjing 211100China Department of Electrical Engineering City University of Hong KongHong Kong CF624China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSK S7N 5A9Canada CSEE IEEE

Demand response has been recognized as a valuable functionality of power systems for mitigating power *** paper proposes a hierarchical control strategy among the distribution system operator(DSO),load aggregators(LAs),and thermostatically controlled loads(TCLs);the strategy includes a scheduling layer and an executive layer to provide load *** the scheduling layer,the DSO(leader)offers compensation price(CP)strategies,and the LAs(followers)respond to CP strategies with available regulation power(ARP)*** of the DSO and LAs are modeled according to their behaviors during the load regulation *** game is adopted to capture interactions among the players and leader and to obtain the optimal strategy for each participant to achieve ***,considering inevitable random factors in practice,e.g.,renewable generation and behavior of users,two different stochastic models based on sample average approximation(SAA)and parameter modification are formulated with improved scheduling *** the executive layer,distributed TCLs are triggered based on strategies determined in the scheduling layer.A self-triggering method that does not violate user privacy is presented,where TCLs receive external signals from the LA and independently determine whether to alter their operation *** simulations are performed on the modified IEEE-24 bus system to verify effectiveness of the proposed strategy.

关键词： Demand response hierarchical control load regulation self-triggering method Stackelberg game

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