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Judging Phishing Under Uncertainty: How Do Users Handle Inaccurate Automated Advice? 25

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Judging Phishing Under Uncertainty: How Do Users Handle Inac...

Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

作者： Tarini Saka Kalliopi Vakali Adam D G Jenkins Nadin Kokciyan Kami Vaniea School of Informatics University of Edinburgh Edinburgh United Kingdom University of Edinburgh Edinburgh United Kingdom School of Informatics King's College London London United Kingdom Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario Canada

Evaluating the Impact of Data Cleaning for Improving Road Damage Detection Through Vision Transformer

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Evaluating the Impact of Data Cleaning for Improving Road Da...

IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE)

作者： Andy Desman Kahlil Muchtar Maulisa Oktiana Maya Fitria Yuwaldi Away Fardian Fardian Hammam Riza Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Universitas Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh Indonesia Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Department of Informatics Universitas Syiah Kuala The Master Program in Artificial Intelligence Universitas Syiah Kuala (USK) Banda Aceh Indonesia Department of Informatics BRIN (National Research and Innovation Agency) Indonesia The Master Program in Artificial Intelligence Universitas Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh Indonesia

ISBN: (数字)9798331521165

ISBN: (纸本)9798331521172

The WHO predicts that by 2030 road accidents will be the 5th leading cause of death. Globally, road accidents account for 1.25 million casualties each year, and road defects cause 34% of these casualties. The road survey process in many countries have several challenges, one of which is detection using cameras that do not have a recognition system. In this study, a model with YOLOS architecture based on Vision Transformer trained on the RDD2022 dataset successfully recognizes road damage well, as indicated by the number of objects detected, bounding box on accurate objects, and the ability to recognize objects with inconsistent shadow and light inference. This research uses assessment parameters such as Average Precision (AP) and Average Recall (AR) to determine the overall performance of the model. The model achieves the highest AP value at Intersection of Union (IoU) 0.5, 0.75, and 0.5-0.95, worth 62.1%, 37.1%, and 36.2% respectively, and the highest AR value in Large, Medium, and Small Areas, worth 42.1%, 60.3%, and 75.4% respectively. The supplementary material can be found through this link: https://***/watch?v=LzkI2e_IORE.

关键词： YOLO Surveys computer vision Road accidents Roads Manuals Transformers Cameras Cleaning Tuning

On the Rate-Exponent Region of Integrated Sensing and Communications With Variable-Length Coding

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Papoutsidakis, Ioannis Alexandropoulos, George C. Department of Informatics and Telecommunications National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Panepistimiopolis Ilissia Athens15784 Greece Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois ChicagoIL60601 United States

This paper considers the achievable rate-exponent region of integrated sensing and communication systems in the presence of variable-length coding with feedback. This scheme is fundamentally different from earlier studies, as the coding methods that utilize feedback impose different constraints on the codewords. The focus herein is specifically on the Gaussian channel, where three achievable regions are analytically derived and numerically evaluated. In contrast to a setting without feedback, we show that a trade-off exists between the operations of sensing and communications. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Codes (symbols)

SINdex: Semantic INconsistency Index for Hallucination Detection in LLMs

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Abdaljalil, Samir Kurban, Hasan Sharma, Parichit Serpedin, Erchin Atat, Rachad Electrical and Computer Engineering Texas A&M University College StationTX United States College of Science and Engineering Hamad Bin Khalifa University Doha Qatar Department of Computer Science Luddy School of Informatics BloomingtonIN United States Department of Computer Science and Mathematics Lebanese American University Beirut Lebanon

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed across diverse domains, yet they are prone to generating factually incorrect outputs—commonly known as "hallucinations." Among existing mitigation strategies, uncertainty-based methods are particularly attractive due to their ease of implementation, independence from external data, and compatibility with standard LLMs. In this work, we introduce a novel and scalable uncertainty-based semantic clustering framework for automated hallucination detection. Our approach leverages sentence embeddings and hierarchical clustering alongside a newly proposed inconsistency measure, SINdex, to yield more homogeneous clusters and more accurate detection of hallucination phenomena across various LLMs. Evaluations on prominent open- and closed-book QA datasets demonstrate that our method achieves AUROC improvements of up to 9.3% over state-of-the-art techniques. Extensive ablation studies further validate the effectiveness of each component in our framework. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Semantics

Multi-task Domain Adaptation for Computation Offloading in Edge-intelligence Networks

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Han, Runxin Yang, Bo Yu, Zhiwen Cao, Xuelin Alexandropoulos, George C. Yuen, Chau School of Computer Science Northwestern Polytechnical University Shaanxi Xi’an710129 China School of Cyber Engineering Xidian University Shaanxi Xi’an710071 China Department of Informatics and Telecommunications National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens15784 Greece Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois ChicagoIL60601 United States School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore

In the field of multi-access edge computing (MEC), efficient computation offloading is crucial for improving resource utilization and reducing latency in dynamically changing environments. This paper introduces a new approach, termed as MultiTask Domain Adaptation (MTDA), aiming to enhance the ability of computational offloading models to generalize in the presence of domain shifts, i.e., when new data in the target environment significantly differs from the data in the source domain. The proposed MTDA model incorporates a teacher-student architecture that allows continuous adaptation without necessitating access to the source domain data during inference, thereby maintaining privacy and reducing computational overhead. Utilizing a multitask learning framework that simultaneously manages offloading decisions and resource allocation, the proposed MTDA approach outperforms benchmark methods regarding mean squared error and accuracy, particularly in environments with increasing numbers of users. It is observed by means of computer simulation that the proposed MTDA model maintains high performance across various scenarios, demonstrating its potential for practical deployment in emerging MEC applications. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Computation offloading

Metaverse for Education: Developments, Challenges, and Future Direction

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computer Applications in engineering Education 2025年第3期33卷

作者： Chamola, Vinay Peelam, Mritunjay Shall Mittal, Uday Hassija, Vikas Singh, Anushka Pareek, Ritawari Mangal, Poorvi Sangwan, Devika de Albuquerque, Victor Hugo C. Mahmud, Mufti Brown, David J. Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Internet of Things Research Group APPCAIR BITS-Pilani Rajasthan Pilani India Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering BITS-Pilani Rajasthan Pilani India School of Computer Engineering Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology Odisha Bhubaneswar India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Jaypee Institute of Information Technology Uttar Pradesh Noida India Department of Humanities and Social Sciences BITS-Pilani Rajasthan Pilani India Fortaleza Brazil Department of Computer Science Computing and Informatics Research Centre Medical Technologies Innovation Facility at Nottingham Trent University Clifton Lane Nottingham United Kingdom Department of Computer Science Computing and Informatics Research Centre at Nottingham Trent University Clifton Lane Nottingham United Kingdom

The rapid advancements in digital technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), mixed reality (MR), extended reality (XR), and the internet of things (IoT) have revolutionized various sectors, including education. Metaverse, a convergence of these transformative technologies, offers immersive, personalized, and interactive experiences, making it a powerful tool in modern education. This paper explores the Metaverse's role in enhancing education by examining its architecture, types, and components while addressing practical implementation challenges, and follows a structured review protocol to ensure a comprehensive analysis, including systematic research, paper selection, and a critical examination of relevant studies from reputable databases such as Google Scholar, IEEE Xplore, ACM, and Springer. The research objectives focus on evaluating the Metaverse's applications in education, ethical challenges, technological limitations, and potential strategies for sustainable integration. Key research questions address the need for Metaverse adoption in education, its benefits, challenges, and future directions. The Metaverse cultivates essential skills such as empathy, ethical reasoning, and effective communication by providing students with customized, immersive learning environments. However, ethical concerns, technical barriers, and infrastructural costs pose significant obstacles to its widespread adoption. It discusses strategies to solve these barriers, explores applications in distance learning, and proposes future research directions to create scalable and sustainable educational models in the Metaverse. Through this structured inquiry, the paper establishes the Metaverse as a transformative force in education, blending technological innovation with instructional advancement. © 2025 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

关键词： Contrastive Learning

Accelerating Stable Matching between Workers and Spatial-Temporal Tasks for Dynamic MCS: A Stagewise Service Trading Approach

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Qi, Houyi Liwang, Minghui Wang, Xianbin Fu, Liqun Hong, Yiguang Li, Li Cheng, Zhipeng School of Informatics Xiamen University Fujian China Department of Control Science and Engineering Canada Shanghai Research Institute for Intelligent Autonomous Systems Tongji University Shanghai China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Western University ON Canada School of Future Science and Engineering Soochow University Jiangsu China

Designing proper incentives in mobile crowdsensing (MCS) networks represents a critical mechanism in engaging distributed mobile users (workers) to contribute heterogeneous data for diverse applications (tasks). We develop a novel stagewise trading framework to reach efficient and stable matching between tasks and workers, upon considering the diversity of tasks and the dynamism of MCS networks. This framework integrates futures and spot trading stages, where in the former, we propose futures trading-driven stable matching and pre-path-planning (FT-SMP3) for long-term task-worker assignment and pre-planning of workers’ paths based on historical statistics and risk analysis. While in the latter, we investigate spot trading-driven DQN path planning and onsite worker recruitment (ST-DP2WR) mechanism to enhance workers’ and tasks’ practical utilities by facilitating temporary worker recruitment. We prove that our proposed mechanisms support crucial properties such as stability, individual rationality, competitive equilibrium, and weak Pareto optimality theoretically. Also, comprehensive evaluations confirm the satisfaction of these properties in practical network settings, demonstrating our commendable performance in terms of service quality, running time, and decision-making overheads. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Risk analysis

Exploring Seasonal Coastal Water Quality Parameter Interactions Through the Self-Organizing Map Neural Network in Eastern Mediterranean: Lebanon as a Case Study

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SSRN

SSRN 2025年

作者： Hadjisolomou, Ekaterini El Rahman Hassoun, Abed Fakhri, Milad Ghanem, Abeer Mina, Roula Herodotou, Herodotos Michaelides, Michalis Department of Electrical Engineering Computer Engineering and Informatics Cyprus University of Technology Limassol3036 Cyprus National Center for Marine Sciences P.O. Box 189 Jounieh Lebanon GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel Kiel Germany

Coastal water pollution poses significant environmental challenges, leading to severe ecological and public health consequences. Thus, new assessment tools should be developed and refined to manage water quality more efficiently. In this paper, we present the results of Self-Organizing Map (SOM) neural network models utilized to simulate several water quality parameter interactions monitored from several coastal stations in the South-Eastern Mediterranean Sea, namely in Lebanon. Four seasonal SOM models were developed and calibrated based on the available dataset. The SOM’s visualization of the Component Planes (CPs) enabled the examination of water quality parameter interactions and associations on a seasonal basis. Additionally, Pearson correlation analysis between the SOM’s Best Matching Units was calculated for each monitored parameter to augment the CPs analysis. SOM’s clustering of the data samples and assessment of anthropogenic activities nearby the associated monitoring stations, enabled the evaluation of the potential effects from the existing human activities in nearby areas for each monitoring station. Specifically, the seasonal models revealed that specific land uses nearby the monitoring stations like the ANT-2 (near river mouth), SEL-2 (near a chemical plant), BEY- 6 (public beach) are responsible for the coastal water quality degradation in Lebanon. Overall, this paper demonstrates that the SOM model is not only capable of revealing the parameters’ interactions, but also to identify sources of anthropogenic pollution. Therefore, the SOM models might be used as valuable tools in coastal water quality management. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Eutrophication

RGAR: Recurrence Generation-augmented Retrieval for Factual-aware Medical Question Answering

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Liang, Sichu Zhang, Linhai Zhu, Hongyu Wang, Wenwen He, Yulan Zhou, Deyu School of Computer Science and Engineering Key Laboratory of New Generation Artificial Intelligence Technology and Its Interdisciplinary Applications Southeast University Ministry of Education China Department of Informatics King’s College London United Kingdom School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University China School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Carnegie Mellon University United States The Alan Turing Insitute United Kingdom

Medical question answering requires extensive access to specialized conceptual knowledge. The current paradigm, Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), acquires expertise medical knowledge through large-scale corpus retrieval and uses this knowledge to guide a general-purpose large language model (LLM) for generating answers. However, existing retrieval approaches often overlook the importance of factual knowledge, which limits the relevance of retrieved conceptual knowledge and restricts its applicability in real-world scenarios, such as clinical decision-making based on Electronic Health Records (EHRs). This paper introduces RGAR, a recurrence generation-augmented retrieval framework that retrieves both relevant factual and conceptual knowledge from dual sources (i.e., EHRs and the corpus), allowing them to interact and refine each another. Through extensive evaluation across three factual-aware medical question answering benchmarks, RGAR establishes a new state-of-the-art performance among medical RAG systems. Notably, the Llama-3.1-8BInstruct model with RGAR surpasses the considerably larger, RAG-enhanced GPT-3.5. Our findings demonstrate the benefit of extracting factual knowledge for retrieval, which consistently yields improved generation quality. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Question answering