Animation model of objects in fractal form has many advantages over animation model of objects in traditional form. Traditionally simple object is drawn by drawing functions and the slight different form of object sho...
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Animation model of objects in fractal form has many advantages over animation model of objects in traditional form. Traditionally simple object is drawn by drawing functions and the slight different form of object should be redrawn by different function, so every manipulation effort to change or to animate the form of object should call the different function. Naturally fractal object is drawn by a single algorithm through drawing pixels at the position according the code of fractal, so to change the form of or to animate the fractal object is done simply by changing the code of fractal such as IFS code at any time interactively. IFS code is the inverse problem representation of object in fractal form. The IFS fractal objects can be reconstructed by random iteration algorithm and the multi-object of fractal can be reconstructed by partitioned-random iteration algorithm from the IFS code sets.
Survivability is crucial in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) especially when they are used for monitoring and tracking applications with limited available resources. In this paper we are proposing the use of an energy ...
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Survivability is crucial in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) especially when they are used for monitoring and tracking applications with limited available resources. In this paper we are proposing the use of an energy Efficient Cognitive Unicast Routing (ECUR) protocol that tries to keep a balance between the energy consumption and the packet delay in a WSN. The proposed routing protocol has a next node selection criterion to change the routing path dynamically following the network conditions and the channel availability while the energy consumption per node is also considered. Simulation results are presented that show an increase in network lifetime of up to 30% compared with geographic opportunistic routing while the packet delay remains similar.
Under the cognitive networking architecture, this paper presents an opportunistic routing protocol for cognitive radio in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), which can deliver higher performance and efficiency in multiho...
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Under the cognitive networking architecture, this paper presents an opportunistic routing protocol for cognitive radio in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), which can deliver higher performance and efficiency in multihop wireless communications. Cognitive Networking with Opportunistic Routing, (CNOR), opportunistically routes traffic across paths over all available spectrum. A discrete event simulator is applied to evaluate and compare the proposed scheme against three other routing protocols: traditional routing with single channel, traditional routing with multiple channels and opportunistic routing with single channel. It is shown that by integrating opportunistic routing with cognitive radio much better results can be obtained, with respect to energy consumption, throughput and latency.
Although it is typically accepted that cluster analysis is a subjective activity, without an objective framework it is impossible to understand, let alone guarantee, the predictive capacity of clustering. To address t...
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Although it is typically accepted that cluster analysis is a subjective activity, without an objective framework it is impossible to understand, let alone guarantee, the predictive capacity of clustering. To address this, recent work utilizes random point process theory to develop a probabilistic theory of clustering. The theory fully parallels Bayes decision theory for classification: given a known underlying processes and specified cost function there exist Bayes clustering operators with minimum expected error. Clustering is hence transformed from a subjective activity to an objective operation. In this work, we present conditions under which the optimization function utilized in classical k-means clustering is optimal in the new Bayes clustering theory, and thus begin to understand this algorithm objectively.
This paper is intended to present a trend analysis resulting from different secondary to primary windings ratio of evolutionary optimized audio transformer. Evolutionary optimization of audio transformers is a perspec...
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This paper provides an overview of Web 2.0 tools usage in higher education among students and teachers in Croatia. The survey is based upon the research papers in the period from year 2008 to 2013 and represents alter...
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This paper provides an overview of Web 2.0 tools usage in higher education among students and teachers in Croatia. The survey is based upon the research papers in the period from year 2008 to 2013 and represents alterations in usage quantity through referred time period, demographic correspondences, students' and teachers' preferences in usage of Web 2.0 tools, impact of their use in education and other statistical data important for general understanding of past and present situation of Web 2.0 education in Croatia.
The occurrence of unidirectional links in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is an inherent feature of wireless communication. Transceiver characteristics, asymmetric interference, and many other properties of the electr...
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The occurrence of unidirectional links in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is an inherent feature of wireless communication. Transceiver characteristics, asymmetric interference, and many other properties of the electromagnetic propagation environment result in Link unidirectionality, however, transmission power heterogeneity is the dominant factor that creates unidirectional links. Most of the data transfer mechanisms designed for wireless networks work only on bidirectional links, yet, there are some mechanisms capable of utilizing unidirectional links. Employment of a multi-hop reverse path for acknowledgement delivery is the key concept and hop length of the reverse path is an important design criterion in such mechanisms. If the maximum reverse path length is allowed to take large values then the number of usable unidirectional links increases. Increasing the number of available links leads to better energy balancing and longer network lifetime. But is it necessary to keep the reverse path length large to achieve the maximum network lifetime possible? In this study, we investigate the effects of reverse path length in WSNs with unidirectional links induced by transmission power heterogeneity on network lifetime through a novel mixed integer programming framework. Our results show that reverse path length has significant impact on WSN lifetime.
This paper deals with the comparison of different methods of speech features extraction for a neural network classifier. We have used a Kohohen self-organizing feature map (SOM) for output-stage classifier which is a ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781479914180
This paper deals with the comparison of different methods of speech features extraction for a neural network classifier. We have used a Kohohen self-organizing feature map (SOM) for output-stage classifier which is a specific type of artificial neural nets. The result of this research deals with the accuracy of emotion classifier and compares the two input combinations.
Designing short DNA words is a problem of constructing a set (i.e., code) of n DNA strings (i.e., words) with the minimum length such that the Hamming distance between each pair of words is at least k and the n words ...
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