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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： L. Zapanta C.-S. Poon D.P. White C.L. Marcus E.S. Katz Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston MA USA University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA Department of Respiratory Diseases Children's Hospital Boston MA USA

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in children is associated with a bradytachyarrhythmia during an obstructive event. Polysomnographic recordings were obtained from 15 children; 9 had OSAS (apnea/hypopnea index = 13.6 /spl plusmn/ 8.2/hr, mean /spl plusmn/ SD) and 6 normal controls. Heart rate variability was analyzed for the presence of chaotic dynamics. Using a 5-minute sliding window, chaos was detected using numerical titration technique. In both groups, REM had a higher chaotic intensity than NREM sleep (p < 0.05). Furthermore, chaos was significantly increased during periods with apneic events compared to stable breathing. These data indicate that sleep state and disordered breathing are important determinants of the autonomic control of heart rate chaos in children.

关键词： Heart rate Chaos Sleep apnea Heart rate variability Pediatrics Doped fiber amplifiers Fluctuations Rail to rail inputs Spectral analysis Testing

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An interactive Web-based tool for multiscale physiological data visualization

An interactive Web-based tool for multiscale physiological d...

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computers in Cardiology (CinC)

作者： M. Oefinger W. Zong M. Krieger R.G. Mark MIT Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science Cambridge MA USA Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA MIT Department of Biology Cambridge MA USA Division of Health Sciences & Technology Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA Harvard-Ml'T Division of Health Sciences & Technology Cambridge MA USA

Studies of cardiovascular pathophysiology require an understanding of long-term trends of disease development in monitored subjects, and ECG is the primary signal of interest in such studies. An effective analysis most often relies upon an iterative viewing of an interesting feature in a long-term derived trend (heart rate, for example) and subsequent location of the underlying ECG waveform for a finer-resolution visualization. Traditionally such an iterative process is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and inaccurate. We developed a novel 'point-and-click' technology that allows extremely efficient isolation of raw physiological waveforms of interest based on long-term trend plots. The paradigm is as follows: a three-paned window shows, in the uppermost pane, a long-term ECG averaged feature trend (e.g. heart rate), which is automatically created by pre-processing software. Each data point in the top pane consists of approximately ten minutes of averaged data. By clicking on any given point in this uppermost plot, the middle pane fills with a time-series plot of instantaneous data from which the above data point was derived. Clicking on any point in the middle pane (e.g. instantaneous heart rate) causes the bottom plot to show the signal waveform (e.g. ECG) corresponding to that moment in time. The technology we developed utilizes multiple open-source software packages, including SVG, CSS, and CGI with back-end C-compiled binaries and Perl scripts that generate the graphics dynamically. This interactive Web-based software tool has turned a process of manually converting and charting data, which required weeks of work and extensive use of paper charts, into an entirely automated, paperless process that generates results in minutes, allowing the user to analyze long-term data with unprecedented efficiency. It can be extended to handle multiple feature trends, such as ST level, QRS width, etc. or correlation plots (e.g. QRS width vs. heart rate), where regions of inter

关键词： Data visualization Electrocardiography Heart rate Biomedical monitoring Cardiology Cardiac disease Cardiovascular diseases Isolation technology Open source software Software packages

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Building an autonomous humanoid tool user

Building an autonomous humanoid tool user

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IEEE-RAS International Conference on Humanoid Robots

作者： W. Bluethmann R. Ambrose M. Diftler E. Huber A. Fagg M. Rosenstein R. Platt R. Grupen C. Breazeal A. Brooks A. Lockerd R.A. Peters O.C. Jenkins M. Mataric M. Bugajska NASA Johnson Space Center Houston TX USA Dexterous Robotic Laboratory Houston TX USA Computer Science Department University of Massachusetts Amherst MA USA MIT Media Lab Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA Electrical Engineering & Computer Science Vanderbilt University Nashville TN USA Computer Science Department University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA Computer Science Department Unversity of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA Navy Cenfer for Applied Research in Artificial Intelligence Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Washington DC Navy Center for Applied Research in Artificial Intelligence Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Washington DC

To make the transition from a technological curiosity to productive tools, humanoid robots will require key advances in many areas, including, mechanical design, sensing, embedded avionics, power, and navigation. Using the NASA Johnson Space Center's Robonaut as a testbed, the DARPA mobile autonomous robot software (MARS) humanoids team is investigating technologies that will enable humanoid robots to work effectively with humans and autonomously work with tools. A novel learning approach is being applied that enables the robot to learn both from a remote human teleoperating the robot and an adjacent human giving instruction. When the remote human performs tasks teleoperatively, the robot learns the salient sensory-motor features to executing the task. Once learned, the task may be carried out fusing the skills required to perform the task, guided by on-board sensing. The adjacent human takes advantage of previously learned skills to sequence the execution of these skills. Preliminary results from initial experiments using a drill to tighten lug nuts on a wheel are discussed.

关键词： Humans Robot sensing systems Space technology Humanoid robots Aerospace electronics Orbital robotics Buildings Navigation NASA Software testing

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A Bayesian decoding algorithm for analysis of information encoding in neural ensembles

A Bayesian decoding algorithm for analysis of information en...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： R. Barbieri L.M. Frank D.P. Nguyen M.C. Quirk V. Solo M.A. Wilson E.N. Brown Neuroscience Statistics Research Laboratory Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Massachusetts General Hospital Division of Health Sciences and Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology Boston MA USA Picower Learning and Memory Riken-MIT Neuroscience Research Center Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA

Developing optimal strategies for constructing and testing decoding algorithms is an important question in computational neuroscience, In this field, decoding algorithms are mathematical methods that model ensemble neural spiking activity as they dynamically represent a biological signal. We present a recursive decoding algorithm based on a Bayesian point process model of individual neuron spiking activity and a linear stochastic state-space model of the biological signal. We assess the accuracy of the algorithm by computing, along with the decoding error, the true coverage probability of the approximate 0.95 confidence regions for the individual signal estimates. We illustrate the new algorithm by analyzing the position and ensemble neural spiking activity of CA1 hippocampal neurons from a rat foraging in an open circular environment The median decoding error during 10 minutes of open foraging was 5.5 cm, and the true coverage probability for 0.95 confidence regions was 0.75 using 32 neurons. These findings improve significantly on our previous results and suggest an approach to reading dynamically information represented in ensemble neural spiking activity.

关键词： Bayesian methods Decoding Information analysis Algorithm design and analysis Encoding Biological system modeling Neurons Biology computing Biological information theory Testing

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Quantum-limited timing jitter in actively modelocked lasers

Quantum-limited timing jitter in actively modelocked lasers

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2003 IEEE/LEOS - Summer Topical Meeting

作者： Grein, M.E. Jiang, L.A. Haus, H.A. Ippen, E.P. Research Laboratory of Electronics Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology MIT 36-325 77 Massachusetts Avenue CambridgeMA02139 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0780379829

The quantum-limited timing jitter of actively modelocked lasers is set by the balance between amplified spontaneous emission and restoring forces provided by modulation and optical filtering. We present theory and experimental results for a fiber laser and an external-cavity semiconductor laser. We also show a scheme for reducing timing jitter using GVD and phase modulation. © 2003 IEEE.

关键词： Bandpass filters

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Polarization splitting and rotating through adiabatic transitions

Polarization splitting and rotating through adiabatic transi...

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Integrated Photonics Research, IPR 2003

作者： Watts, M.R. Gorni, G. Cherchi, M. Haus, H.A. Research Laboratory of Electronics Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology MIT 36-355 50 Vassar St. CambridgeMA02139 United States

A polarization splitter and rotator that is compatible with optical integration is presented. In contrast to prior efforts to achieve this functionality, the adiabatic nature of this approach allows for nearly ideal p... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)1557527512

关键词： Polarization

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Hidden feature models for speech recognition using dynamic Bayesian networks 8

Hidden feature models for speech recognition using dynamic B...

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8th European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology, EUROSPEECH 2003

作者： Livescu, Karen Glass, James Bilmes, Jeff Spoken Language Systems Group MIT Laboratory for Computer Science CambridgeMA02139 United States University of Washington SSLI Lab. Department of Electrical Engineering SeattleWA98195 United States

In this paper, we investigate the use of dynamic Bayesian networks (DBNs) to explicitly represent models of hidden features, such as articulatory or other phonological features, for automatic speech recognition. In previous work using the idea of hidden features, the representation has typically been implicit, relying on a single hidden state to represent a combination of features. We present a class of DBN-based hidden feature models, and show that such a representation can be not only more expressive but also more parsimonious. We also describe a way of representing the acoustic observation model with fewer distributions using a product of models, each corresponding to a subset of the features. Finally, we describe our recent experiments using hidden feature models on the Aurora 2.0 corpus.

关键词： Speech recognition

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Application of Structured Illumination in Nano-Scale Vision

Application of Structured Illumination in Nano-Scale Vision

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IEEE computer Society Conference on computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW)

作者： J. Ryu B. K. P. Horn M. S. Mermelstein S. Hong D. M. Freeman Division of Health Science & Technology Harvard and MIT Cambridge MA USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science MIT Cambridge MA USA Lightwave Instruments L.L.C. Watertown MA USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science MIT Cambridge MA

We describe how structured illumination patterns can be used to increase the resolution of an imaging system for optical microscopy. A target is illuminated by a sequence of finely textured light patterns formed by the interference of multiple coherent beams. The sequence of brightness values reported from a single pixel of a CCD imager encodes the target contrast pattern with sub-pixel resolution. Fourier domain components at spatial frequencies contained in the probing illumination patterns can be recovered from the pixel brightness sequence by solving a set of over-determined linear equations. We show that uniform angular spacing of the beams generating the illumination patterns leads to less than ideal sampling of the transform space and we propose alternative geometric arrangements. We describe an image reconstruction algorithm based on the Voronoi diagram that applies when the transform domain is not sampled uniformly. Finally, the contrast patterns within individual pixels can be spliced together to forman image encompassing multiple pixels.

关键词： Lighting Laser beams Image resolution Optical imaging Pixel Lenses Brightness

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Photoreceptor layer impairment in macular pathologies investigated by ultrahigh resolution ophthalmic optical coherence tomography

Photoreceptor layer impairment in macular pathologies invest...

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Frontiers in Optics, FiO 2003

作者： Drexler, W. Hermann, B. Unterhuber, A. Sattmann, H. Stur, M. Wirtitsch, M. Scholda, C. Ahnelt, P.K. Ko, T.H. Fujimoto, J.G. Fercher, Adolf F. Separtement of Medical Physics Christian Doppler Laboratory Department of Ophthalmology General Hospital of Vienna Austria Department of Physiology University of Vienna Austria Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Research Laboratory of Electronics MIT United States

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Fabricaton Ofactive Devices and Logic Gates on Fibers

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MRS Online Proceedings Library 2003年第1期769卷 861-866页

作者： Choi, Yong Woo Kymissis, Ioannis Wang, Annie Akinwande, Akintunde I. Microsystems Technology Lab. (MTL) Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Cambridge USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Cambridge USA

Textiles are a suitable substrate for large area, flexible and wearable electronics because of their excellent flexibility, mechanical properties and low cost manufacturability. The ability to fabricate active devices on fiber is a key step for achieving large area and flexible electronic structures. We fabricated transistors and inverters with a-Si film and pentacene film on Kapton film and cut them into fibers. The a-Si TFT showed a threshold voltage of 8.5 V and on/off ratio of 103 at a drain voltage of 10 V. These are similar to the characteristics of a TFT fabricated on a glass substrate at the same time. The maximum gain of the inverter with an enhancement n-type load was 6.45 at a drain voltage of 10 V. The pentacene OTFT showed a threshold voltage of -8 V and on/off ratio of 103 at a drain voltage of -30 V. The inverter with a depletion p-type load showed a voltage inversion but the inversion occurred at the wrong voltage. The antifuse was successfully programmed with a voltage pulse and also a current pulse. The resistance decreased from 10 GΩ to 2 kΩ after the programming.

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