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SSRN 2023年

作者： Yi, Susan C. Heijbroek, Anne Cutz, Luis Pillay, Stephanie de Jong, Wiebren Abeel, Thomas Gebert, Julia Delft University of Technology Faculty of Mechanical Maritime and Materials Engineering Leeghwaterstraat 39 Delft2628 CB Netherlands Delft University of Technology Faculty of Electrical Engineering Mathematics and Computer Science Van Mourik Broekmanweg 6 Delft2628 XE Netherlands Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program 415 Main St. CambridgeMA02142 United States

Application of biochar to landfill cover soils can purportedly improve methane (CH4) oxidation rates. However, understanding of the combined effects of soil texture, compaction, and biochar on activity and composition of the methanotrophs is limited. The amendment of wood biochar on two differently textured landfill cover soils at three compaction levels of the Proctor density were explored by analyzing changes in soil physical properties relevant to methane oxidation, the effects on CH4 oxidation rates and on the composition of the methanotrophic community. Loose soils with and without biochar were pre-incubated to equally elevate the CH4 oxidation rates. Hereafter, soils were compacted and re-incubated. Methane oxidation rates, gas diffusivity, water retention characteristics and pore size distribution were analyzed on the compacted soils. Abundance of methanotrophic bacteria (MOB) was determined at the end of both the pre-incubation tests and the incubation tests of the packed samples. Biochar significantly increased porosity at all compaction levels, resulting in enhanced diffusion coefficients. Also, a re-distribution in pore sizes was observed. Increased gas diffusivity from low compaction and amendment of biochar, however, did not reflect higher methane oxidation rates due to high diffusive oxygen fluxes over the limited height of the compacted soil specimens. All soils, with and without biochar, were strongly dominated by type II methanotrophs. In the sandy soil, biochar amendment strongly increased MOB abundance, which could be attributed to a corresponding increase in the abundance of Methylocystis species, while in the clayey soil no such response was observed. Compaction did not change the community composition in either soil. Biochar addition to landfill cover soils may not always enhance methanotrophic activity and hence reduce fugitive methane emissions with the effect being soil-specific. However, especially in finer and more compacted soils, biochar

关键词： Compaction

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Non-invasive suppression of essential tremor via phase-locked disruption of its temporal coherence

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Brain Stimulation 2023年第1期16卷 276-277页

作者： Li, Junheng Schreglmann, Sebastian Wang, David Peach, Robert Laurate, Anna Rhodes, Edward Panella, Emanuele Cassara, Antonino Boyden, Edward Barahona, Mauricio Rothwell, John Bhatia, Kailash Grossman, Nir Department of Brain Sciences Imperial College London London UK UK Dementia Research Institute UK Institute of Neurology Department of Clinical and Movement Neuroscience Queen Square University College London (UCL) UK Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Massachussetts Institute of Technology (MIT) USA Department of Brain Sciences Imperial College London UK Department of Mathematics and EPSRC Centre for Mathematics of Precision Healthcare Imperial College London UK Department of Physics Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ UK IT’IS Foundation for Research on Information Technologies in Society Switzerland Department of Media Arts and Sciences MIT USA McGovern Institute for Brain Research MIT USA Howard Hughes Medical Institute Cambridge USA Department of Biological Engineering MIT USA Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences MIT USA Centre for Neurobiological Engineering MIT USA Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research MIT USA Centre for Bio-Inspired Technology Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Imperial College London UK Centre for Neurotechnology Imperial College London UK

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Variations on Hammersley's interacting particle process

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Atalik, Arda Melihcan Erol, H.S. Yıldırım, Gökhan Yilmaz, Mustafa Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Bilkent University AnkaraTR 06800 Turkey Electrical Engineering & Computer Science MIT CambridgeMA02139 United States Department of Mathematics Bilkent University AnkaraTR 06800 Turkey

The longest increasing subsequence problem for permutations has been studied extensively in the last fifty years. The interpretation of the longest increasing subsequence as the longest 21-avoiding subsequence in the context of permutation patterns leads to many interesting research directions. We introduce and study the statistical properties of Hammersley-type interacting particle processes related to these generalizations and explore the finer structures of their distributions. We also propose three different interacting particle systems in the plane analogous to the Hammersley process in one dimension and obtain estimates for the asymptotic orders of the mean and variance of the number of particles in the *** Codes 05A05, 05A15, 60C05, 60K35 © 2021, CC BY.

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Spatial atlas of the mouse central nervous system at molecular resolution (vol 622, pg 552, 2023)

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NATURE 2024年第7993期625卷 E6-E6页

作者： Shi, Hailing He, Yichun Zhou, Yiming Huang, Jiahao Maher, Kamal Wang, Brandon Tang, Zefang Luo, Shuchen Tan, Peng Wu, Morgan Lin, Zuwan Ren, Jingyi Thapa, Yaman Tang, Xin Chan, Ken Y. Deverman, Benjamin E. Shen, Hao Liu, Albert Liu, Jia Wang, Xiao Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University Boston MA USA Computational and Systems Biology PhD Program Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA Department of Biology Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA Klarman Cell Observatory Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Harvard University Cambridge MA USA Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA

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Robust Chemiresistive Behavior in Conductive Polymer/MOF Composites

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Roh, Heejung Kim, Dong-Ha Cho, Yeongsu Jo, Young-Moo del Alamo, Jesús Kulik, Heather Dincă, Mircea Gumyusenge, Aristide Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Materials Science & Engineering 77 Massachusetts Ave CambridgeMA02139 United States Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Chemistry 77 Massachusetts Ave CambridgeMA02139 United States Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Chemical Engineering 77 Massachusetts Ave CambridgeMA02139 United States Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 77 Massachusetts Ave. CambridgeMA02139 United States MIT-IBM Watson AI Lab 75 Binney St. CambridgeMA02139 United States

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising materials for gas sensing but are often limited to single-use detection. We demonstrate a hybridization strategy synergistically deploying conductive MOFs (cMOFs) and conductive polymers (cPs) as two complementary mixed ionic-electronic conductors in high-performing stand-alone chemiresistors. Our work presents significant improvement in i) sensor recovery kinetics, ii) cycling stability, and iii) dynamic range at room temperature. We demonstrate the effect of hybridization across well-studied cMOFs based on 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexahydroxytriphenylene (HHTP) and 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexaiminotripphenylene (HITP) ligands with varied metal nodes (Co, Cu, Ni). We conduct a comprehensive mechanistic study to relate energy band alignments at the heterojunctions between the MOFs and the polymer with sensing thermodynamics and binding kinetics. Our findings reveal that hole enrichment of the cMOF component upon hybridization leads to selective enhancement in desorption kinetics, enabling significantly improved sensor recovery at room temperature, and thus long-term response retention. This mechanism was further supported by density functional theory calculations on sorbate-analyte interactions. We also find that alloying cPs and cMOFs enables facile thin film co-processing and device integration, potentially unlocking the use of these hybrid conductors in diverse electronic applications. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Conjugated polymers

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Quantum simulation of Fermi-Hubbard model based on transmon qudit interaction

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Vezvaee, Arian Earnest-Noble, Nathan Najafi, Khadijeh Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Center for Quantum Information Science & Technology University of Southern California Los AngelesCA90089 United States IBM Quantum IBM T.J. Watson Research Center Yorktown HeightsNY10598 United States IBM Quantum Research Triangle Park NC27709 United States MIT-IBM Watson AI Lab CambridgeMA02142 United States

The Fermi-Hubbard model, a fundamental framework for studying strongly correlated phenomena could significantly benefit from quantum simulations when exploring non-trivial settings. However, simulating this problem requires twice as many qubits as the physical sites, in addition to complicated on-chip connectivities and swap gates required to simulate the physical interactions. In this work, we introduce a novel quantum simulation approach utilizing qudits to overcome such complexities. Leveraging on the symmetries of the Fermi-Hubbard model and their intrinsic relation to Clifford algebras, we first demonstrate a Qudit Fermionic Mapping (QFM) that reduces the encoding cost associated with the qubit-based approach. We then describe the unitary evolution of the mapped Hamiltonian by interpreting the resulting Majorana operators in terms of physical single- and two-qudit gates. While the QFM can be used for any quantum hardware with four accessible energy levels, we demonstrate the specific reduction in overhead resulting from utilizing the native Controlled-SUM gate (equivalent to qubit CNOT) for a fixed-frequency ququart transmon. We further transpile the resulting two transmon-qudit gates by demonstrating a qudit operator Schmidt decomposition using the Controlled-SUM gate. Finally, we demonstrate the efficacy of our proposal by numerical simulation of local observables such as the filling factor and Green’s function for various Trotter steps. The compatibility of our approach with different qudit platforms paves the path for achieving quantum advantage in simulating non-trivial quantum many-body systems. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Hubbard model

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Detection of phonation events for feature-cue-based analysis using Gaussian mixture models

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Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics 2024年第1期45卷

作者： Sagnik Anupam Jeung-Yoon Choi Stefanie Shattuck-Hufnagel Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA sanupam@mit.edu Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA jyechoi@mit.edu sshuf@mit.edu

Detecting and interpreting individual acoustic cues to identify features that distinguish among speech sounds plays a key role in modeling human speech perception. The individual acoustic cues form a bridge between transcription using phonemes and raw acoustic measurements from the signal, and they capture systematic language-related differences in how words are produced in different contexts. This study proposes and evaluates a Gaussian Mixture Model-based algorithm that predicts the presence of cues to phonation events from waveform analysis. This GMM-based approach to acoustic cue detection has the advantage that it can be directly integrated in current models of human speech perception.

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Optimal intervention in transportation networks

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2021年

作者： Cianfanelli, Leonardo Como, Giacomo Ozdaglar, Asuman Parise, Francesca Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche Politecnico di Torino Italy Department of Automatic Control Lund University BOX 118 LundSE-22100 Sweden Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science MIT United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Cornell University United States

We study a network design problem (NDP) where the planner aims at selecting the optimal single-link intervention on a transportation network to minimize the travel time under Wardrop equilibrium flows. Our first result is that, if the delay functions are affine and the support of the equilibrium is not modified with interventions, the NDP may be formulated in terms of electrical quantities computed on a related resistor network. In particular, we show that the travel time variation corresponding to an intervention on a given link depends on the effective resistance between the endpoints of the link. We suggest an approach to approximate such an effective resistance by performing only local computation, and exploit it to design an efficient algorithm to solve the NDP. We discuss the optimality of this procedure in the limit of infinitely large networks, and provide a sufficient condition for its optimality. We then provide numerical simulations, showing that our algorithm achieves good performance even if the equilibrium support varies and the delay functions are *** Codes 91A14, 91A43, 91A16, 90B20 Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Travel time

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Rectangular unfoldings of polycubes 31

Rectangular unfoldings of polycubes

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31st Canadian Conference on Computational Geometry, CCCG 2019

作者： Demaine, Martin L. Hearn, Robert Ku, Jason Uehara, Ryuhei Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Lab MIT Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department MIT Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology School of Information Science Japan

In this paper, we investigate the problem that asks if there exists a net of a polycube that is exactly a rectangle with slits. For this nontrivial question, we show affirmative solutions. First, we show some concrete examples: (1) no rectangle with slits with fewer than 24 squares can fold to any polycube, (2) a 4 × 7 rectangle with slits can fold to a heptacube (nonmanifold), (3) both of a 3 × 8 rectangle and a 4 × 6 rectangle can fold to a hexacube (nonmanifold), and (4) a 5 × 6 rectangle can fold to a heptacube (manifold). Second, we show a construction of infinite family of polycubes folded from a rectangle with slits. The smallest one given by this construction is a 6 × 20 rectangle with slits that can fold to a polycube of genus 5. This construction gives us a polycube for any positive genus. Moreover, by this construction, we can show that there exists a rectangle with slits that can fold to k different polycubes for any given positive integer k. © CCCG 2019. All rights reserved.

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Some Comments on Unitary Qubit Lattice Algorithms for Classical Problems

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Anderson, Paul Finegold-Sachs, Lillian Vahala, George Vahala, Linda Ram, Abhay K. Soe, Min Koukoutsis, Efstratios Hizandis, Kyriakos Department of Physics William & Mary WilliamsburgVA23185 United States Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Old Dominion University NorfolkVA23529 United States Plasma Science and Fusion Center MIT CambridgeMA02139 United States Department of Mathematics and Physical Sciences Rogers State University ClaremoreOK74017 United States School of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Technical University of Athens Zographou15780 Greece

A qubit lattice algorithm (QLA), which consists of a set of interleaved unitary collision-streaming operators, is developed for electromagnetic wave propagation in tensor dielectric media. External potential operators are required to handle gradients in the refractive indices, and these operators are typically non-unitary. A similar problem arises in the QLA for the Korteweg-de Vries equation, as the potential operator that models the KdV nonlinear term is also non-unitary. Several QLAs are presented here that avoid the need of this non-unitary potential operator by perturbing the collision operator. These QLAs are fully unitary. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Refractive index

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