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arXiv 2021年

作者： Wang, Joel I-Jan Yamoah, Megan A. Li, Qing Karamlou, Amir H. Dinh, Thao Kannan, Bharath Braumueller, Jochen Kim, David Melville, Alexander J. Muschinske, Sarah E. Niedzielski, Bethany M. Serniak, Kyle Sung, Youngkyu Winik, Roni Yoder, Jonilyn L. Schwartz, Mollie Watanabe, Kenji Taniguchi, Takashi Orlando, Terry P. Gustavsson, Simon Jarillo-Herrero, Pablo Oliver, William D. Research Laboratory of Electronics Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Department of Physics Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States MIT Lincoln Laboratory 244 Wood Street LexingtonMA02421 United States Research Center for Functional Materials National Institute for Materials Science 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba305-0044 Japan International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics National Institute for Materials Science 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba305-0044 Japan

Dielectrics with low loss at microwave frequencies are imperative for high-coherence solid-state quantum computing platforms. We study the dielectric loss of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) thin films in the microwave regime by measuring the quality factor of parallel-plate capacitors (PPCs) made of NbSe2-hBN-NbSe2 heterostructures integrated into superconducting circuits. The extracted microwave loss tangent of hBN is bounded to be at most in the mid-10-6 range in the low temperature, single-photon regime. We integrate hBN PPCs with aluminum Josephson junctions to realize transmon qubits with coherence times reaching 25 µs, consistent with the hBN loss tangent inferred from resonator measurements. The hBN PPC reduces the qubit feature size by approximately two-orders of magnitude compared to conventional all-aluminum coplanar transmons. Our results establish hBN as a promising dielectric for building high-coherence quantum circuits with substantially reduced footprint and, with a high energy participation that helps to reduce unwanted qubit cross-talk. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： III-V semiconductors

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Learning to localize sound sources in visual scenes: Analysis and applications

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Senocak, Arda Oh, Tae-Hyun Kim, Junsik Yang, Ming-Hsuan Kweon, In So School of Electrical Engineering KAIST Daejeon Korea Republic of MIT CSAIL CambridgeMA United States Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of California Merced United States

—Visual events are usually accompanied by sounds in our daily lives. However, can the machines learn to correlate the visual scene and sound, as well as localize the sound source only by observing them like humans? To investigate its empirical learnability, in this work we first present a novel unsupervised algorithm to address the problem of localizing sound sources in visual scenes. In order to achieve this goal, a two-stream network structure which handles each modality with attention mechanism is developed for sound source localization. The network naturally reveals the localized response in the scene without human annotation. In addition, a new sound source dataset is developed for performance evaluation. Nevertheless, our empirical evaluation shows that the unsupervised method generates false conclusions in some cases. Thereby, we show that this false conclusion cannot be fixed without human prior knowledge due to the well-known correlation and causality mismatch misconception. To fix this issue, we extend our network to the supervised and semi-supervised network settings via a simple modification due to the general architecture of our two-stream network. We show that the false conclusions can be effectively corrected even with a small amount of supervision, i.e., semi-supervised setup. Furthermore, we present the versatility of the learned audio and visual embeddings on the cross-modal content alignment and we extend this proposed algorithm to a new application, sound saliency based automatic camera view panning in 360◦ videos. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Acoustic generators

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Roadmap on Deep Learning for Microscopy

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Volpe, Giovanni Wählby, Carolina Tian, Lei Hecht, Michael Yakimovich, Artur Monakhova, Kristina Waller, Laura Sbalzarini, Ivo F. Metzler, Christopher A. Xie, Mingyang Zhang, Kevin Lenton, Isaac C.D. Rubinsztein-Dunlop, Halina Brunner, Daniel Bai, Bijie Ozcan, Aydogan Midtvedt, Daniel Wang, Hao Sladoje, Nataša Lindblad, Joakim Smith, Jason T. Ochoa, Marien Barroso, Margarida Intes, Xavier Qiu, Tong Yu, Li-Yu You, Sixian Liu, Yongtao Ziatdinov, Maxim A. Kalinin, Sergei V. Sheridan, Arlo Manor, Uri Nehme, Elias Goldenberg, Ofri Shechtman, Yoav Moberg, Henrik K. Langhammer, Christoph Špačková, Barbora Helgadottir, Saga Midtvedt, Benjamin Argun, Aykut Thalheim, Tobias Cichos, Frank Bo, Stefano Hubatsch, Lars Pineda, Jesus Manzo, Carlo Bachimanchi, Harshith Selander, Erik Homs-Corbera, Antoni Fränzl, Martin de Haan, Kevin Rivenson, Yair Korczak, Zofia Adiels, Caroline Beck Mijalkov, mite Veréb, Dániel Chang, Yu-Wei Pereira, Joana B. Matuszewski, Damian Kylberg, Gustaf Sintorn, Ida-Maria Caicedo, Juan C. Cimini, Beth A. Bell, Muyinatu Lediju A. Saraiva, Bruno M. Jacquemet, Guillaume Henriques, Ricardo Ouyang, Wei Le, Trang Gómez-De-Mariscal, Estibaliz Sage, Daniel Muñoz-Barrutia, Arrate Lindqvist, Ebba Josefson Bergman, Johanna Department of Physics University of Gothenburg Gothenburg41296 Sweden Dept. IT and SciLifeLab Uppsala University Sweden Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Boston University BostonMA02215 United States Department of Biomedical Engineering Boston University BostonMA02215 United States Görlitz Germany Department of Renal Medicine Division of Medicine University College London Royal Free Hospital Campus London United Kingdom Artificial Intelligence for Life Sciences CIC Dorset United Kingdom Roche Pharma International Informatics Roche Diagnostics GmbH Mannheim Germany Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences UC Berkeley United States Technische Universität Dresden Faculty of Computer Science Dresden Germany Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics Center for Systems Biology Dresden Dresden Germany University of Maryland College Park United States Klosterneuburg3400 Austria School of Mathematics and Physics The University of Queensland Brisbane4072 Australia Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems The University of Queensland Brisbane4072 Australia Département d’Optique P. M. Duffieux Institut FEMTO-ST Université Franche-Comté CNRS UMR 6174 Besançon France Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Los Angeles Los AngelesCA United States Department of Information Technology Uppsala University Sweden Department of Biomedical Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute TroyNY12180 United States Elephas 1 Erdman Pl. Madison53705 United States University of Wisconsin–Madison Department of Medical Physics MadisonWI53705 United States Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology Albany Medical College AlbanyNY12208 United States Research Laboratory of Electronics Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology BostonMA United States Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences Oak R

Through digital imaging, microscopy has evolved from primarily being a means for visual observation of life at the micro- and nano-scale, to a quantitative tool with ever-increasing resolution and throughput. Artificial intelligence, deep neural networks, and machine learning are all niche terms describing computational methods that have gained a pivotal role in microscopy-based research over the past decade. This Roadmap is written collectively by prominent researchers and encompasses selected aspects of how machine learning is applied to microscopy image data, with the aim of gaining scientific knowledge by improved image quality, automated detection, segmentation, classification and tracking of objects, and efficient merging of information from multiple imaging modalities. We aim to give the reader an overview of the key developments and an understanding of possibilities and limitations of machine learning for microscopy. It will be of interest to a wide cross-disciplinary audience in the physical sciences and life sciences. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Image enhancement

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The economics of utility-scale portable energy storage systems in a high-renewable grid

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： He, Guannan Michalek, Jeremy Kar, Soummya Chen, Qixin Zhang, Da Whitacre, Jay F. MIT Energy Initiative Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States Institute of Energy Environment and Economy Tsinghua University Beijing China MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Carnegie Mellon University PittsburghPA United States Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China Department of Engineering and Public Policy Carnegie Mellon University PittsburghPA United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Carnegie Mellon University PittsburghPA United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Carnegie Mellon University PittsburghPA United States

Summary: Battery storage is expected to play a crucial role in the low-carbon transformation of energy systems. The deployment of battery storage in the power gird, however, is currently severely limited by its low economic viability, which results from not only high capital costs but also the lack of flexible and efficient utilization schemes and business models. Making utility-scale battery storage portable through trucking unlocks its capability to provide various on-demand services. We introduce the potential applications of utility-scale portable energy storage and investigate its economics in California using a spatiotemporal decision model that determines the optimal operation and transportation schedules of portable storage. We show that mobilizing energy storage can increase its life-cycle revenues by 70% in some areas and improve renewable energy integration by relieving local transmission congestion. The life-cycle revenue of spatiotemporal arbitrage can fully compensate for the costs of portable energy storage system in several regions in California, including San Diego and the San Francisco Bay Area. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Life cycle

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Silica nanocone array as a template for fabricating a plasmon induced hot electron photodetector

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Photonics Research 2019年第3期7卷 294-299页

作者： ZHIQIANG YANG KANG DU FANFAN LU YANG PANG SHIJIA HUA XUETAO GAN WENDING ZHANG SOO JIN CHUA TING MEI Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information TechnologySchool of Science Northwestern Polytechnical University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore LEES Program Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research & Technology (SMART)

Plasmon induced hot electrons have attracted a great deal of interest as a novel route for photodetection and lightenergy harvesting. Herein, we report a hot electron photodetector in which a large array of nanocones deposited sequentially with aluminum, titanium dioxide, and gold films can be integrated functionally with nanophotonics and microelectronics. The device exhibits a strong photoelectric response at around 620 nm with a responsivity of 180 μA/W under short-circuit conditions with a significant increase under 1 V reverse bias to 360 μA/W. The increase in responsivity and a red shift in the peak value with increasing bias voltage indicate that the bias causes an increase in the hot electron tunneling effect. Our approach will be advantageous for the implementation of the proposed architecture on a vast variety of integrated optoelectronic devices.

关键词： Silica nanocone array plasmon induced hot electron photodetector

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Generalized Kakeya sets for polynomial evaluation and faster computation of fermionants 12

Generalized Kakeya sets for polynomial evaluation and faster...

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12th International Symposium on Parameterized and Exact Computation, IPEC 2017

作者： Björklund, Andreas Kaski, Petteri Williams, Ryan Department of Computer Science Lund University Lund Sweden Department of Computer Science Aalto University Helsinki Finland Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science CSAIL MIT CambridgeMA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9783959770514

We present two new data structures for computing values of an n-variate polynomial P of degree at most d over a finite field of q elements. Assuming that d divides q-1, our first data structure relies on (d+1)n+2 tabulated values of P to produce the value of P at any of the qn points using O(nqd2) arithmetic operations in the finite field. Assuming that s divides d and d/s divides q-1, our second data structure assumes that P satisfies a degree-separability condition and relies on (d/s + 1)n+s tabulated values to produce the value of P at any point using O(nqssq) arithmetic operations. Our data structures are based on generalizing upper-bound constructions due to Mockenhaupt and Tao (2004), Saraf and Sudan (2008), and Dvir (2009) for Kakeya sets in finite vector spaces from linear to higher-degree polynomial curves. As an application we show that the new data structures enable a faster algorithm for computing integer-valued fermionants, a family of self-reducible polynomial functions introduced by Chandrasekharan and Wiese (2011) that captures numerous fundamental algebraic and combinatorial invariants such as the determinant, the permanent, the number of Hamiltonian cycles in a directed multigraph, as well as certain partition functions of strongly correlated electron systems in statistical physics. In particular, a corollary of our main theorem for fermionants is that the permanent of an m × m integer matrix with entries bounded in absolute value by a constant can be computed in time 2m-Ω(√m/log log m), improving an earlier algorithm of Björklund (2016) that runs in time 2m-Ω(√m/logm). © 2018 Andreas Björklund, Petteri Kaski, and Ryan Williams.

关键词： Vector spaces

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ArSentD-LEV: A multi-topic corpus for target-based sentiment analysis in arabic levantine tweets

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Baly, Ramy Khaddaj, Alaa Hajj, Hazem El-Hajj, Wassim Shaban, Khaled Bashir MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory CambridgeMA02139 United States American University of Beirut Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Beirut Lebanon American University of Beirut Computer Science Department Beirut Lebanon Qatar University Computer Science and Engineering Department Doha Qatar

Sentiment analysis is a highly subjective and challenging task. Its complexity further increases when applied to the Arabic language, mainly because of the large variety of dialects that are unstandardized and widely used in the Web, especially in social media. While many datasets have been released to train sentiment classifiers in Arabic, most of these datasets contain shallow annotation, only marking the sentiment of the text unit, as a word, a sentence or a document. In this paper, we present the Arabic Sentiment Twitter Dataset for the Levantine dialect (ArSenTD-LEV). Based on findings from analyzing tweets from the Levant region, we created a dataset of 4,000 tweets with the following annotations: The overall sentiment of the tweet, the target to which the sentiment was expressed, how the sentiment was expressed, and the topic of the tweet. Results confirm the importance of these annotations at improving the performance of a baseline sentiment classifier. They also confirm the gap of training in a certain domain, and testing in another domain. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Sentiment analysis

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0D Pyramid-intercalated 2D Bimetallic Halides with Tunable Electronic Structures and Enhanced Emission under Pressure

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Angewandte Chemie 2023年第52期135卷

作者： Dr. Yang Liu Jiayuan Liang Dr. Zeyu Deng Dr. Songhao Guo Dr. Xiaoqin Ji Congcong Chen Prof. Dr. Pieremanuele Canepa Prof. Dr. Xujie Lü Prof. Dr. Lingling Mao Department of Chemistry SUSTech Energy Institute for Carbon Neutrality Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 P. R. China Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research (HPSTAR) Shanghai 201203 P. R. China Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore 9 Engineering Drive 1 Singapore 117575 Singapore Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology 1 CREATE Way 10–01 CREATE Tower Singapore 138602 Singapore Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 4 Singapore 117585 Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Texas Center for Superconductivity University of Houston Houston TX 77204 USA

Hybrid metal halides are emerging semiconductors as promising candidates for optoelectronics. The pursuit of hybridizing various dimensions of metal halides remains a desirable yet highly complex endeavor. By utilizing dimension engineering, a diverse array of new materials with intrinsically different electronic and optical properties has been developed. Here, we report a new family of 2D-0D hybrid bimetallic halides, (C 6 N 2 H 14 ) 2 SbCdCl 9 ⋅ 2H 2 O ( SbCd ) and (C 6 N 2 H 14 ) 2 SbCuCl 9 ⋅ 2H 2 O ( SbCu ). These compounds adopt a new layered structure, consisting of alternating 0D square pyramidal [SbCl 5 ] and 2D inorganic layers sandwiched by organic layers. SbCd and SbCu have optical band gaps of 3.3 and 2.3 eV, respectively. These compounds exhibit weak photoluminescence (PL) at room temperature, and the PL gradually enhances with decreasing temperature. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that SbCd and SbCu are direct gap semiconductors, where first-principles band gaps follow the experimental trend. Moreover, given the different pressure responses of 0D and 2D components, these materials exhibit highly tunable electronic structures during compression, where a remarkable 11 times enhancement in PL emission is observed for SbCd at 19 GPa. This work opens new avenues for designing new layered bimetallic halides and further manipulating their structures and optoelectronic properties via pressure.

关键词： Electronic Properties Hybrid Metal Halide Perovskite Derivatives Photoluminescence Pressure

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Author Correction: Robust and tunable signal processing in mammalian cells via engineered covalent modification cycles

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Nature communications 2023年第1期14卷 4775页

作者： Ross D Jones Yili Qian Katherine Ilia Benjamin Wang Michael T Laub Domitilla Del Vecchio Ron Weiss Department of Biological Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA. Synthetic Biology Center Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA. Department of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA. Department of Biology Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA. Synthetic Biology Center Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA. ddv@mit.edu. Department of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA. ddv@mit.edu. Department of Biological Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA. rweiss@mit.edu. Synthetic Biology Center Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA. rweiss@mit.edu. Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA. rweiss@mit.edu.

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An Enhanced Time-Domain Simulator of Transient Stability in Power Systems

An Enhanced Time-Domain Simulator of Transient Stability in ...

引用

IEEE Power engineering Society Conference and Exposition in Africa, PowerAfrica

作者： Matthew Overlin Marc Barbar Krishan Kant James Kirtley Christopher Smith Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA MIT Lincoln Laboratory Energy Systems Group Lexington MA

Time-domain simulations can be used to study and verify the operation of an electrical network, whether large or small, fast or slow. In this study a classic 9-bus system is modeled in detail. The quantities of interest in this simulation are generator states, generator currents and node voltages. A differential-algebraic system of equations (DAE) is formulated. The generator states are dynamic while all other variables are algebraic. Important numerical techniques are highlighted: an implicit integration method with a technique to re-use prior information to speed up the simulation. A detailed analysis of several key state variables follows. The time evolution is discussed for different variables of interest in the synchronous machine models and network. This detailed model, coupled with an enhanced implicit integration method, yields numerical stability and stability in the model.

关键词： Mathematical model Generators Load modeling Numerical models Time-domain analysis Numerical stability Power system dynamics

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