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Energy-efficient scheduling under delay constraints for wireless networks

Synthesis Lectures on Communication Networks 2012年 11卷 1-96页

作者： Berry, Randall Modiano, Eytan Zafer, Murtaza Northwestern University United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science United States MIT United States IBM T. J. Watson Research Center New York United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781608458882

Packet delay and energy consumption are important considerations in wireless and sensor networks as these metrics directly affect the quality of service of the application and the resource consumption of the network;especially, for a rapidly growing class of real-time applications that impose strict restrictions on packet delays. Dynamic rate control is a novel technique for adapting the transmission rate of wireless devices, almost in real-time, to opportunistically exploit time-varying channel conditions as well as changing traffic patterns. Since power consumption is not a linear function of the rate and varies significantly with the channel conditions, adapting the rate has significant benefits in minimizing energy consumption. These benefits have prompted significant research in developing algorithms for achieving optimal rate adaptation while satisfying quality of service requirements. In this book, we provide a comprehensive study of dynamic rate control for energy minimization under packet delay constraints. We present several formulations and approaches adopted in the literature ranging from discrete-time formulations and dynamic programming based solutions to continuous-time approaches utilizing ideas from network calculus and stochastic optimal control theory. The goal of this book is to expose the reader to the important problem of wireless data transmission with delay constraints and to the rich set of tools developed in recent years to address it. Copyright © 2012 by Morgan & Claypool.

关键词： Energy efficiency

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A scalable FPGA-based design for field programmable large-scale ion channel simulations

A scalable FPGA-based design for field programmable large-sc...

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International Conference on Field Programmable Logic and Applications

作者： Graeme Coapes Terrence Mak Jun Wen Luo Alex Yakovlev Chi-Sang Poon School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of Newcastle UK Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology USA

The design of systems to replicate complex neural functionality is a requirement for the development of next-generation prosthetic devices. The demands of such neural models are growing exponentially as we discover more about how brain systems function. It is therefore important for the electronic architectures involved to scale effectively in terms of latency, area and power usage in order to be able to process more advanced neural models. Within this paper a design is proposed that utilises the parallel nature and the resources available upon modern FPGAs to achieve a scalable and efficient method for the implementation of complex neural models, allowing for the simulation of 150000 ion channels concurrently.

关键词： Neurons Logic gates Table lookup Clocks Field programmable gate arrays Brain models

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Wafer-Scale, Highly-Ordered Silicon Nanowires Produced by Step-and-Flash Imprint Lithography and Metal-Assisted Chemical Etching

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MRS Online Proceedings Library 2012年第1期1512卷 1-7页

作者： Jian-Wei Ho Qixun Wee Jarrett Dumond Li Zhang Keyan Zang Wee Kiong Choi Andrew A. O. Tay Soo-Jin Chua NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore China Institute of Materials Research and Engineering Agency for Science and Research (A*STAR) Technology Singapore China Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore China Singapore-MIT Alliance National University of Singapore Singapore China Department of Mechanical Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore China Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre National University of Singapore Singapore China

A combinatory approach of Step-and-Flash Imprint Lithography (SFIL) and Metal-Assisted Chemical Etching (MacEtch) was used to generate near perfectly-ordered, high aspect ratio silicon nanowires (SiNWs) on 4” silicon wafers. The ordering and shapes of SiNWs depends only on the SFIL nanoimprinting mould used, thereby enabling arbitary SiNW patterns not possible with nanosphere and interference lithography (IL) to be generated. Very densely packed SiNWs with periodicity finer than that permitted by conventional photolithography can be produced. The height of SiNWs is, in turn, controlled by the etching duration. However, it was found that very high aspect ratio SiNWs tend to be bent during processing. Hexagonal arrays of SiNW with circular and hexagonal cross-sections of dimensions 200nm and less were produced using pillar and pore patterned SFIL moulds. In summary, this approach allows highlyordered SiNWs to be fabricated on a wafer-level basis suitable for semiconductor device manufacturing.

关键词： Si nanostructure scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

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Multiple vehicle driving control for traffic flow efficiency

Multiple vehicle driving control for traffic flow efficiency

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IEEE Symposium on Intelligent Vehicle

作者： Seong-Woo Kim Gi-Poong Gwon Seung-Tak Choi Seung-Nam Kang Myoung-Ok Shin In-Sub Yoo Eun-Dong Lee Emilio Frazzoli Seung-Woo Seo Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Seoul National University South Korea Laboratory for Information Decision Systems Massachusetts Institute of Technology USA

The dynamics of multi-agent in nature have been largely studied for a long time to investigate how the aggregation of agents can move smoothly in complex environments without collision. The main insights can be summarized such that the aggregated dynamics of animals and particles can be explained by an individual's simple rules. In a similar vein, we conjecture that such simple rules for vehicle maneuvering can accommodate the fluid flow of traffic and reduce car accidents in highway and urban areas. In this paper, we first show the Reynolds' three rules are applicable to autonomous driving on a single lane. Moreover, we provide additional requirements and algorithms for multiple lanes. Based on these results, we show that the proposed nature-inspired driving maneuver can increase traffic flow by 1) mitigating shockwave at bottlenecks and 2) extending the perception range for better path planning, which requires the support of the vehicle autonomy and wireless communication, respectively. Finally, we prove the feasibility of our work with experiments using multiple UAVs.

关键词： Vehicles Sensors Wireless communication Merging Acceleration Safety Mathematical model

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Wavelength scaling of hollow-core fiber compressor design parameters

Wavelength scaling of hollow-core fiber compressor design pa...

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CLEO: Applications and Technology, CLEO_AT 2012

作者： Granados, Eduardo Chen, Li-Jin Lai Chien-Jen, -J. Hong, Kyung-Han Kärtner, Franz X. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics Massachusetts Institute of Technology [MIT Cambridge MA 02139 United States IKERBASQUE Basque Foundation for Science Spain Center for Free-Electron Laser Science DESY - and Department of Physics Hamburg University Hamburg Germany

We study supercontinuum generation using numerical simulations of the nonlinear propagation along hollow-core fibers at different pump wavelengths ranging from 400 nm to 2 μm. A general hollow fiber compressor design... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781557529435

关键词： Supercontinuum generation

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极区电离层等离子体云块形成机制和演化特征研究

极区电离层等离子体云块形成机制和演化特征研究

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2013中国极地科学学术年会

作者： Qing-He Zhang Rui-Yuan Liu Kathryn A.McWilliams Joseph.B.H.Baker Bei-Chen Zhang Michael Lockwood Hong-Qiao Hu J(o)ran Moen J.Michael Ruohoniemi Evan G.Thomas Shun-Rong Zhang Hui-Gen Yang SOA Key Laboratory for Polar Science Polar Research Institute of China Shanghai China Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies University of SaskatchewanSaskatoon Saskatchewan Cana Bradley Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Virginia Tech BlacksburgVirginia USA Department of Meteorology University of Reading Earley Gate P.O.Box 243 RG6 6BB UK Department of Physics University of Oslo Blindern Oslo Norway MIT Haystack Observatory Westford MA 01886 USA

Patches of ionization are common in the polar ionosphere where their motion and associated density gradients give variable disturbances to High Frequency (HF) radio communications, over-the-horizon radar location errors, and disruption and errors to satellite navigation and *** formation and evolution are poorly understood, particularly under disturbed space weather *** report direct observations of the full evolution of patches during a geomagnetic storm, including formation, polar cap entry, transpolar evolution, polar cap exit, and sunward return *** observations show that modulation of nightside reconnection in the substorm cycle of the magnetosphere helps form the gaps between patches where steady convection would give a "tongue" of ionization (TOI).

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Nanotube Arrays: Joining Copper Oxide Nanotube Arrays Driven by the Nanoscale Kirkendall Effect (Small 15/2013)

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Small 2013年第15期9卷

作者： Shu Rong Chun Wardhana Aji Sasangka Mei Zhen Ng Qing Liu Anyan Du Jie Zhu Chee Mang Ng Zhi Qiang Liu Sing Yang Chiam Chee Lip Gan School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Block N4.1 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore GLOBALFOUNDRIES Singapore Pte Ltd 60 Woodlands Industrial Park D Street 2 Singapore 738406 Singapore Advanced Materials for Micro- and Nano-Systems Singapore-MIT Alliance 4 Engineering Drive 3 Singapore 117576 Singapore Temasek Laboratories Nanyang Technological University Block N4.1 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 3 Singapore 117576 Singapore Institute of Materials Research and Engineering A*STAR (Agency for Science Technology and Research) 3 Research Link Singapore 117602 Singapore

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Multicore performance optimization using partner cores 3

Multicore performance optimization using partner cores

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3rd USENIX Workshop on Hot Topics in Parallelism, HotPar 2011

作者： Lau, Eric Miller, Jason E. Choi, Inseok Yeung, Donald Amarasinghe, Saman Agarwal, Anant MIT Computer Science Intelligence Laboratory University of Maryland Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering United States

As the push for parallelism continues to increase the number of cores on a chip, system design has become incredibly complex;optimizing for performance and power efficiency is now nearly impossible for the application programmer. To assist the programmer, a variety of techniques for optimizing performance and power at runtime have been developed, but many employ the use of speculative threads or performance counters. These approaches result in stolen cycles, or the use of an extra core, and such expensive penalties can greatly reduce the potential gains. At the same time that general purpose processors have grown larger and more complex, technologies for smaller embedded processors have pushed towards energy efficiency. In this paper, we combine the two and introduce the concept of Partner Cores: low-area, low-power cores paired with larger, faster compute cores. A partner core is tightly coupled to each main processing core, allowing it to perform various optimizations and functions that are impossible on a traditional chip multiprocessor. This paper demonstrates that optimization code running on a partner core can increase performance and provide a net improvement in power efficiency. © HotPar 2011.

关键词： Energy efficiency

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Spectroscopy of low-frequency noise and its temperature dependence in a superconducting qubit

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Physical Review B 2012年第17期85卷 174521-174521页

作者： Fei Yan Jonas Bylander Simon Gustavsson Fumiki Yoshihara Khalil Harrabi David G. Cory Terry P. Orlando Yasunobu Nakamura Jaw-Shen Tsai William D. Oliver Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA Research Laboratory of Electronics MIT Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN) Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan Institute for Quantum Computing and Department of Chemistry University of Waterloo Ontario Canada N2L 3G1 Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics Waterloo Ontario Canada N2J 2W9 Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science MIT Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA Green Innovation Research Laboratories NEC Corporation Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8501 Japan MIT Lincoln Laboratory 244 Wood Street Lexington Massachusetts 02420 USA

We report a direct measurement of the low-frequency noise spectrum in a superconducting flux qubit. Our method uses the noise sensitivity of a free-induction Ramsey interference experiment, comprising free evolution in the presence of noise for a fixed period of time followed by single-shot qubit-state measurement. Repeating this procedure enables Fourier-transform noise spectroscopy with access to frequencies up to the achievable repetition rate, a regime relevant to dephasing in ensemble-averaged time-domain measurements such as Ramsey interferometry. Rotating the qubit's quantization axis allows us to measure two types of noise: effective flux noise and effective critical-current or charge noise. For both noise sources, we observe that the very same 1/f-type power laws measured at considerably higher frequencies (0.2−20 MHz) are consistent with the noise in the 0.01−100-Hz range measured here. We find no evidence of temperature dependence of the noises over 65−200 mK, and also no evidence of time-domain correlations between the two noises. These methods and results are pertinent to the dephasing of all superconducting qubits.

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An Architecture for Integrating Cancer Model Repositories*

An Architecture for Integrating Cancer Model Repositories*

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society

作者： Stelios Sfakianakis Vangelis Sakkalis Kostas Marias Georgios Stamatakos Steve McKeever Thomas S. Deisboeck Norbert Graf Institute of Computer Science at FORTH Vassilika Vouton GR-70013 Heraklion Crete Greece Institute of Communication and Computer Systems Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Technical University of Athens GR-15780 Athens Greece Department of Computer Science Wolfson Building Parks Rad Oxford OX1 3QD Harvard-MIT (HST) Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital Charlestown MA 02129 USA Saarland University Hospital Paediatric Haematology and Oncology D-66421 Homburg Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781457717871

The TUMOR project aims at developing a European clinically oriented semantic-layered cancer digital model repository from existing EU projects that will be interoperable with the US grid-enabled semantic-layered digital model repository platform at *** (Center for the Development of a Virtual Tumor, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Boston, USA) which is NIH/NCI-caGRID compatible. In this paper we describe the modular and federated architecture of TUMOR that effectively addresses model integration, interoperability, and security related issues.

关键词： An Architecture Integrating Cancer Model Repositories

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