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15th International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life sciences 2011, MicroTAS 2011

作者： Li, Leon Lieleg, Oliver Ribbeck, Katharina Han, Jongyoon Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology United States Department of Biological Engineering United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781618395955

The stomach wall epithelium is protected from gastric acids by a gel-like layer of mucus. The microscopic mechanism of this H+ barrier function remains mysterious, and the failure of this barrier can lead to gastric ulcers and cancers. In this work, we present the first microfluidic in vitro model for the study of mucin glycoprotein gels and quantitative measurements of H + penetration into the mucin barrier. Our device allows for the study of the H+ barrier of mucus as a function of physiologically and clinically relevant parameters. Copyright © (2011) by the Chemical and Biological Microsystems Society.

关键词： Microfluidics

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Incentive schemes for Internet congestion management: Raffles versus time-of-day pricing

Incentive schemes for Internet congestion management: Raffle...

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2011 49th Annual Allerton Conference on Communication, Control, and Computing, Allerton 2011

作者： Loiseau, Patrick Schwartz, Galina Musacchio, John Amin, Saurabh Technology and Information Management UC Santa Cruz CA United States Electrical Engineering and Computer Science UC Berkeley CA United States Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering MIT MA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781457718168

The Internet is plagued with congestion problems of growing severity which are worst at peak periods. In this paper, we compare two schemes that incentivize users to shift part of their usage from the peak-time to the off-peak time. The traditional time-of-day pricing scheme gives a fixed reward per unit of shifted usage. Conversely, the raffle-based scheme provides a random reward distributed in proportion of each user's fraction of the total shifted usage. Using a game-theoretic model, we show that both schemes can achieve an optimal level of decongestion at a unique Nash equilibrium. We provide a comparison of the schemes' sensitivity to uncertainty of the users' utilities. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： Costs

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Experiments with the fresh breeze tree-based memory model

Experiments with the fresh breeze tree-based memory model

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作者： Dennis, Jack B. Gao, Guang R. Meng, Xiao X. Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory MIT 32 Vassar Street Cambridge MA 02139 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Delaware 140 Evans Hall Newark DE 19716 United States

The Fresh Breeze memory model and system architecture is proposed as an approach to achieving significant improvements in massively parallel computation by supporting fine-grain management of memory and processing resources and utilizing a global shared name space for all processors and computation tasks. Memory management and the scheduling of tasks are done by hardware realizations, eliminating nearly all operating system execution cycles for data access, task scheduling and security. In particular, the Fresh Breeze memory model uses trees of fixedsize chunks of memory to represent all data objects, which eliminates data consistency issues and simplifies memory management. Low-cost reference-count garbage collection is used to support modular programming in type-safe programming *** main contributions of this paper are: (1) a program exection model for massively parallel computing as the Fresh Breeze application programming interface (API) comprising a radical memory model and a scheme for expressing concurrency;(2) an experimental implementation of the API through simulation using the FAST simulator of the IBM Cyclops 64 many-core chip;(3) simulation results that demonstrate that (a) fine-grain hardware-implemented resource management mechanisms can support massive parallelism and high processor utilization through the latencyhiding properties of multi-tasking;and (b) hardware implementation of a work stealing scheme incorporated in our simulation can effectively distribute tasks over the processors of a many-core parallel computer. © Springer-Verlag 2011.

关键词： Information management

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The Complexity of Voltage and Reactive Power Dispatch in Control Centers: From Analysis to On-Line Decision Making

The Complexity of Voltage and Reactive Power Dispatch in Con...

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IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting

作者： Marija D. Ilic Jeffrey H. Lang Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) and Engineering Public Policy (EPP) at Carnegie Mellon University Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS) Department at MIT

ISBN: (纸本)9781457710001

This paper describes the need for on-line decision making in support of reliable, clean and efficient operation of future electric energy systems. This operation will be critically dependent on the systematic dispatch of available resources ranging across real power generation and voltage controllable G&T&D equipment. The emphasis in this paper is on the role of on-line voltage dispatch. An extended AC Optimal Power Flow (AC XOPF) is introduced for computing decisions on-line. It is shown how this software enables optimization of technical and economic decisions in quantifiable ways. Focus then turns to experience with large system studies. It is observed that on-line dispatch of a variety of controllable equipment over the broad range of system conditions is becoming critical during both normal and contingency conditions.

关键词： Extended AC Optimal Power Flow (AC-XOPF) Loss Minimization Efficiency Reactive Power Reserve Smart Grids Smart grids VOLTAGE Dispatching IN-LINE Power production Power dispatch Control centres efficient functioning Complexity contingency range measurement system

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Low temperature gate dielectric deposition for recessed AlGaN/GaN MIS-HEMTs

Low temperature gate dielectric deposition for recessed AlGa...

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European Conference on Solid-State Device Research (ESSDERC)

作者： Omair I. Saadat Tomas Palacios Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Cambridge MA USA

Gate dielectrics are of great interest in AlGaN/GaN transistors to increase the I on /I off ratios and to reduce gate leakage. However, integrating gate dielectrics with recessed gates require low temperature dielectric depositions where the gate photoresist is patterned and the gate is recessed before dielectric deposition. This study aims to characterize gate insulators deposited by low temperature atomic layer deposition (ALD) processes. HfO 2 and Al 2 O 3 were deposited at temperatures ranging from 80°C to 120°C and annealed under different ambient and temperature conditions. MIS-HEMTs with HfO 2 gates showed excellent I on /I off ratios of over 10 9 and subthreshold slopes of 71 mV/dec, which is superior to reference transistors with Schottky gates. Therefore, low temperature gate dielectrics promise to be an enabling technology for MIS-HEMTs with both recessed and insulating gates.

关键词： Logic gates Dielectrics Plasma temperature Transistors Annealing Hafnium compounds Aluminum oxide

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Relative entropy at the channel output of a capacity-achieving code

Relative entropy at the channel output of a capacity-achievi...

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Annual Allerton Conference on Communication, Control, and Computing

作者： Yury Polyanskiy Sergio Verdú Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science MIT Cambridge MA USA Department of Electrical Engineering Princeton University Princeton NJ USA

In this paper we establish a new inequality tying together the coding rate, the probability of error and the relative entropy between the channel and the auxiliary output distribution. This inequality is then used to show the strong converse, and to prove that the output distribution of a code must be close, in relative entropy, to the capacity achieving output distribution (for DMC and AWGN). One of the key tools in our analysis is the concentration of measure (isoperimetry).

关键词： Manganese Mutual information Memoryless systems Entropy AWGN Random variables USA Councils

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Microdielectric Measurements of Pristine and Modified Thin Fullerene (C 60 ) Films

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MRS Online Proceedings Library 2011年第1期359卷 423-428页

作者： B. Pevzner A. F. Hebard R. C. Haddon S. D. Senturia M. S. Dresselhaus Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science MIT Cambridge USA Dept. of Physics MIT Cambridge USA AT&T Bell Laboratories Murray Hill USA

As developed by Senturia and co-workers [1], microdielectrometry is a technique for measuring complex permittivity utilizing microfabrication technology to incorporate both the interdigital sensing electrodes and associated circuitry on the same microchip. By covering a microdielectrometer chip with a thin layer of C60, it is possible to dynamically monitor the film’s frequency response and dielectric properties as a function of doping with selected gases and other species. It is known that solid C60 has a substantial amount of interstitial volume. The presence of mobile ions in these spaces compromises the breakdown voltage and makes pure C60 unsuitable for applications requiring high-quality dielectric films. However, various immobile ions or neutral species (e.g. oxygen) can be made to fill the interstitial volume, changing the characteristics of the C60 films and, in some cases, improving the dielectric properties. In-situ microdielectric measurements of pristine and modified C60 films were performed for frequencies ranging from 0.005 Hz to 100 kHz. Based on the low-frequency behavior of the dielectric constant, a model is proposed for the mechanism of oxygen diffusion into the interstitial spaces of the fullerene material.

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Development and experimental validation of a semi-autonomous cooperative active safety system

Development and experimental validation of a semi-autonomous...

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IEEE Conference on Decision and Control

作者： Rajeev Verma Domitilla Del Vecchio Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor USA Department of Mechanical Engineering MIT Cambridge USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781612848006

In this paper, the problem of collision avoidance between two vehicles is considered, in which one vehicle is autonomous and the other one is human-driven. This problem arises in cooperative active safety systems at traffic intersections, mergings, and roundabouts, in which some vehicles are equipped with on-board communication and automatic control, while others are not capable of communicating and are human-driven. We model the human driving behavior through a hybrid automaton, whose current mode is determined by the driver's decisions, and solve the problem as a safety control problem for hybrid systems with imperfect state information. The experimental results demonstrate that our solution is substantially less conservative than solutions employing worst-case design.

关键词： Active safety systems Collision avoidance vehicle worst case design Imperfect state Roundabout Hybrid automata Human automatic control safety system hybrid systems COMMUNICATING Security measures

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Control of Hidden Mode Hybrid Systems: Algorithm termination

Control of Hidden Mode Hybrid Systems: Algorithm termination

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International Conference on Intelligent Transportation

作者： Rajeev Verma Domitilla Del Vecchio Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor USA Department of Mechanical Engineering MIT Cambridge USA

We consider the problem of safety control in Hidden Mode Hybrid Systems (HMHS) that arises in the development of a semi-autonomous cooperative active safety system for collision avoidance at an intersection. We utilize the approach of constructing a new hybrid automaton whose discrete state is an estimate of the HMHS mode. A dynamic feedback map can then be designed that guarantees safety on the basis of the current mode estimate and the concept of the capture set. In this work, we relax the conditions for the termination of the algorithm that computes the capture set by constructing an abstraction of the new hybrid automaton. We present a relation to compute the capture set for the abstraction and show that this capture set is equal to the one for the new hybrid automaton.

关键词： Vehicles Kernel Automata Safety Trajectory Q measurement Vehicle dynamics

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A moment-matching scheme for the passivity-preserving model order reduction of indefinite descriptor systems with possible polynomial parts 11

A moment-matching scheme for the passivity-preserving model ...

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Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference

作者： Zheng Zhang Qing Wang Ngai Wong Luca Daniel Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science MIT Cambridge MA USA Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China

ISBN: (纸本)9781424475162

Passivity-preserving model order reduction (MOR) of descriptor systems (DSs) is highly desired in the simulation of VLSI interconnects and on-chip passives. One popular method is PRIMA, a Krylov-subspace projection approach which preserves the passivity of positive semidefinite (PSD) structured DSs. However, system passivity is not guaranteed by PRIMA when the system is indefinite. Furthermore, the possible polynomial parts of singular systems are normally not captured. For indefinite DSs, positive-real balanced truncation (PRBT) can generate passive reduced-order models (ROMs), whose main bottleneck lies in solving the dual expensive generalized algebraic Riccati equations (GAREs). This paper presents a novel moment-matching MOR for indefinite DSs, which preserves both the system passivity and, if present, also the improper polynomial part. This method only requires solving one GARE, therefore it is cheaper than existing PRBT schemes. On the other hand, the proposed algorithm is capable of preserving the passivity of indefinite DSs, which is not guaranteed by traditional moment-matching MORs. Examples are finally presented showing that our method is superior to PRIMA in terms of accuracy.

关键词： Read only memory Mathematical model Decision support systems Polynomials Accuracy Numerical models Computational modeling

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