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AI-driven material discovery for energy, catalysis and sustainability

National science Review 2025年第5期12卷 77-78页

作者： Ning Han Bao-Lian Su Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Toronto Laboratory of Inorganic Materials Chemistry(CMI) University of Namur State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of Technology

Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing various sectors, including science,technology, industry and daily life [1,2].One key area where AI can make a significant impact is in material design, crucial for advan...

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An electrical Impedance Imaging System Towards Edge Intelligence for Non-Destructive Testing of Concrete

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Tsinghua science and Technology 2024年第3期29卷 883-896页

作者： Abolfazl Roshanpanah Mahdi Abbasi Hani Attar Ayman Amer Mohammad R.Khosravi Ahmed A.Solyman Department of Electrical Engineering Islamic Azad UniversityScience and Research BranceTehran ***Iran Department of Computer Engineering Bu-Ali Sina UniversityHamedan ***Iran Department of Energy Engineering Zarqa UniversityZarqa 13110Jordan Department of Computer Engineering Persian Gulf UniversityBushehr ***Iran Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Faculty of Engineering and ArchitectureNişantaşıUniversityIstanbul 34398Turkey

In the construction industry,to prevent accidents,non-destructive tests are necessary and *** impedance tomography is a new technology in non-invasive imaging in which the image of the inner part of conductive bodies is reconstructed by the arrays of external electrodes that are connected on the periphery of the *** equipment is cheap,fast,and edge *** this imaging method,the image of electrical conductivity distribution(or its opposite;electrical impedance)of the internal parts of the target object is *** image reconstruction process is performed by injecting a precise electric current to the peripheral boundaries of the object,measuring the peripheral voltages induced from it and processing the collected *** an electrical impedance tomography system,the voltages measured in the peripheral boundaries have a non-linear equation with the electrical conductivity *** paper presents a cheap electrical Impedance Tomography(EIT)instrument for detecting impurities in the concrete.A voltage-controlled current source,a micro-controller,a set of multiplexers,a set of electrodes,and a personal computer constitute the structure of the *** conducted tests on concrete with impurities show that the designed EIT system can reveal impurities with a good accuracy in a reasonable time.

关键词： non-destructive testing system concrete electrical impedance tomography

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Beamforming and Reflection Design for Short Packet ISAC With Non-Ideal RIS: An A3C-Based Approach

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IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 2025年第5期74卷 8379-8384页

作者： Mahmoudi, Behrad Khonsari, Ahmad Zeinali, Farshad Mili, Mohammad Robat Mashhadi, Mahdi Boloursaz Xiao, Pei University of Tehran Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Tehran Iran University of Tehran School of Electrical and Computer Engineering College of Engineering Tehran Iran School of Computer Science in the Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences Tehran Iran United Kingdom Institute for Advanced Innovative Solutions Tehran Iran

Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) is a promising solution to mitigate the increasing congestion of the wireless spectrum. In this paper, we investigate the short packet communication regime within an ISAC system assisted by a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) to meet the low latency ultra-reliable requirements in the next-generation wireless networks. We consider a non-ideal RIS model that captures effects of the phase-dependent amplitude variations in the reflection coefficients, and we have incorporated the near-field model into the channels between the RIS and the users or targets. In this setup, we jointly design the transmit beamforming and the RIS phase shifts to maximize the sum rate while satisfying the sensing signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) requirement. The system simultaneously carries out multitarget sensing and multi-user short packet communications with the help of the RIS. Considering the non-convex and dynamic nature of the resulting optimization problem, we propose an asynchronous advantage actor-critic (A3C) based method for beamforming and reflection design in this setup. Numerical results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed scheme over the benchmarks. © 1967-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Beamforming

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MMInstruct: a high-quality multi-modal instruction tuning dataset with extensive diversity

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science China(Information sciences) 2024年第12期67卷 36-51页

作者： Yangzhou LIU Yue CAO Zhangwei GAO Weiyun WANG Zhe CHEN Wenhai WANG Hao TIAN Lewei LU Xizhou ZHU Tong LU Yu QIAO Jifeng DAI School of Computer Science Nanjing University School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai AI Laboratory School of Computer Science Fudan University Department of Information Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong SenseTime Research Department of Electronic Engineering Tsinghua University

Despite the effectiveness of vision-language supervised fine-tuning in enhancing the performance of vision large language models(VLLMs), existing visual instruction tuning datasets include the following limitations.(1) Instruction annotation quality: despite existing VLLMs exhibiting strong performance,instructions generated by those advanced VLLMs may still suffer from inaccuracies, such as hallucinations.(2) Instructions and image diversity: the limited range of instruction types and the lack of diversity in image data may impact the model's ability to generate diversified and closer to real-world scenarios outputs. To address these challenges, we construct a high-quality, diverse visual instruction tuning dataset MMInstruct,which consists of 973k instructions from 24 domains. There are four instruction types: judgment, multiplechoice, long visual question answering, and short visual question answering. To construct MMInstruct, we propose an instruction generation data engine that leverages GPT-4V, GPT-3.5, and manual correction. Our instruction generation engine enables semi-automatic, low-cost, and multi-domain instruction generation at 1/6 the cost of manual construction. Through extensive experiment validation and ablation experiments,we demonstrate that MMInstruct could significantly improve the performance of VLLMs, e.g., the model fine-tuning on MMInstruct achieves new state-of-the-art performance on 10 out of 12 benchmarks. The code and data shall be available at https://***/yuecao0119/MMInstruct.

关键词： instruction tuning multi-modal multi-domain dataset vision large language model

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Cavity-agnostic acoustofluidic manipulations enabled by guided flexural waves on a membrane acoustic waveguide actuator

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第2期10卷 153-171页

作者： Philippe Vachon Srinivas Merugu Jaibir Sharma Amit Lal Eldwin J.Ng Yul Koh Joshua E.-Y.Lee Chengkuo Lee Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore Institute of Microelectronics Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research(A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore SonicMEMS Laboratory School of Electrical and Computer EngineeringCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA School of Electrical and Data Engineering University of Technology SydneyUltimoNSWAustralia

This article presents an in-depth exploration of the acoustofluidic capabilities of guided flexural waves(GFWs)generated by a membrane acoustic waveguide actuator(MAWA).By harnessing the potential of GFWs,cavity-agnostic advanced particle manipulation functions are achieved,unlocking new avenues for microfluidic systems and lab-on-a-chip *** localized acoustofluidic effects of GFWs arising from the evanescent nature of the acoustic fields they induce inside a liquid medium are numerically investigated to highlight their unique and promising *** traditional acoustofluidic technologies,the GFWs propagating on the MAWA’s membrane waveguide allow for cavity-agnostic particle manipulation,irrespective of the resonant properties of the fluidic ***,the acoustofluidic functions enabled by the device depend on the flexural mode populating the active region of the membrane *** demonstrations using two types of particles include in-sessile-droplet particle transport,mixing,and spatial separation based on particle diameter,along with streaming-induced counter-flow virtual channel generation in microfluidic PDMS *** experiments emphasize the versatility and potential applications of the MAWA as a microfluidic platform targeted at lab-on-a-chip development and showcase the MAWA’s compatibility with existing microfluidic systems.

关键词： waveguide fluid cavity

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Wide bandgap semiconductor-based integrated circuits

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Chip 2023年第4期2卷 105-132页

作者： Saravanan Yuvaraja Vishal Khandelwal Xiao Tang Xiaohang Li Advanced Semiconductor Laboratory(ASL) Electrical and Computer Engineering ProgramComputerElectrical and Mathematical Science&Engineering(CEMSE)DivisionKing Abdullah University of Science andTechnology(KAUST)Thuwal 23955-6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Wide-bandgap semiconductors exhibit much larger energybandgaps than traditional semiconductors such as silicon,rendering them very promising to be applied in the fields of electronics and *** examples of semiconductors include SiC,GaN,ZnO,and diamond,which exhibitdistinctive characteristics such as elevated mobility and *** characteristics facilitate the operation of awide range of devices,including energy-efficient bipolar junctiontransistors(BJTs)and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effecttransistors(MOSFETs),as well as high-frequency high-electronmobility transistors(HEMTs)and optoelectronic components suchas light-emitting diodes(LEDs)and *** semiconductorsare used in building integrated circuits(ICs)to facilitate theoperation of power electronics,computer devices,RF systems,andother optoelectronic *** breakthroughs includevarious applications such as imaging,optical communication,*** them,the field of power electronics has witnessedtremendous progress in recent years with the development of widebandgap(WBG)semiconductor devices,which is capable ofswitching large currents and voltages rapidly with low ***,it has been proven challenging to integrate these deviceswith silicon complementary metal oxide semiconductor(CMOS)logic circuits required for complex control *** monolithic integration of silicon CMOS with WBG devices increases thecomplexity of fabricating monolithically integrated smart integrated circuits(ICs).This review article proposes implementingCMOS logic directly on the WBG platform as a ***,achieving the CMOS functionalities with the adoption of WBGmaterials still remains a significant *** article summarizesthe research progress in the fabrication of integrated circuitsadopting various WBG materials ranging from SiC to diamond,with the goal of building future smart power ICs.

关键词： Wide bandgap semiconductors Integrated circuits Transistors Power electronics

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Large circuit models: opportunities and challenges

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science China(Information sciences) 2024年第10期67卷 25-66页

作者： Lei CHEN Yiqi CHEN Zhufei CHU Wenji FANG Tsung-Yi HO Ru HUANG Yu HUANG Sadaf KHAN Min LI Xingquan LI Yu LI Yun LIANG Jinwei LIU Yi LIU Yibo LIN Guojie LUO Hongyang PAN Zhengyuan SHI Guangyu SUN Dimitrios TSARAS Runsheng WANG Ziyi WANG Xinming WEI Zhiyao XIE Qiang XU Chenhao XUE Junchi YAN Jun YANG Bei YU Mingxuan YUAN Evangeline F.Y.YOUNG Xuan ZENG Haoyi ZHANG Zuodong ZHANG Yuxiang ZHAO Hui-Ling ZHEN Ziyang ZHENG Binwu ZHU Keren ZHU Sunan ZOU Huawei Noah’s Ark Lab School of Integrated Circuits Peking University Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Ningbo University Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong School of Integrated Circuits Southeast University Huawei HiSilicon Peng Cheng Laboratory School of Computer Science Peking University School of Microelectronics State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and System Fudan University School of Artificial Intelligence Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Within the electronic design automation(EDA) domain, artificial intelligence(AI)-driven solutions have emerged as formidable tools, yet they typically augment rather than redefine existing methodologies. These solutions often repurpose deep learning models from other domains, such as vision, text, and graph analytics, applying them to circuit design without tailoring to the unique complexities of electronic circuits. Such an “AI4EDA” approach falls short of achieving a holistic design synthesis and understanding,overlooking the intricate interplay of electrical, logical, and physical facets of circuit data. This study argues for a paradigm shift from AI4EDA towards AI-rooted EDA from the ground up, integrating AI at the core of the design process. Pivotal to this vision is the development of a multimodal circuit representation learning technique, poised to provide a comprehensive understanding by harmonizing and extracting insights from varied data sources, such as functional specifications, register-transfer level(RTL) designs, circuit netlists,and physical layouts. We champion the creation of large circuit models(LCMs) that are inherently multimodal, crafted to decode and express the rich semantics and structures of circuit data, thus fostering more resilient, efficient, and inventive design methodologies. Embracing this AI-rooted philosophy, we foresee a trajectory that transcends the current innovation plateau in EDA, igniting a profound “shift-left” in electronic design methodology. The envisioned advancements herald not just an evolution of existing EDA tools but a revolution, giving rise to novel instruments of design-tools that promise to radically enhance design productivity and inaugurate a new epoch where the optimization of circuit performance, power, and area(PPA) is achieved not incrementally, but through leaps that redefine the benchmarks of electronic systems' capabilities.

关键词： AI-rooted EDA large circuit models (LCMs) multimodal circuit representation learning circuit optimization

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Intelligent Predetermination of Generator Tripping Scheme: Knowledge Fusion-based Deep Reinforcement Learning Framework

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第1期10卷 66-75页

作者： Lingkang Zeng Wei Yao Ze Hu Hang Shuai Zhouping Li Jinyu Wen Shijie Cheng State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology School of Electrical and Electronics EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Dispatching and Control Center Central China Branch of State Grid Corporation of ChinaWuhan 430077China. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996USA

Generator tripping scheme(GTS)is the most commonly used scheme to prevent power systems from losing safety and ***,GTS is composed of offline predetermination and real-time scenario ***,it is extremely time-consuming and labor-intensive for manual predetermination for a large-scale modern power *** improve efficiency of predetermination,this paper proposes a framework of knowledge fusion-based deep reinforcement learning(KF-DRL)for intelligent predetermination of ***,the Markov Decision Process(MDP)for GTS problem is formulated based on transient instability ***,linear action space is developed to reduce dimensionality of action space for multiple controllable ***,KF-DRL leverages domain knowledge about GTS to mask invalid actions during the decision-making *** can enhance the efficiency and learning ***,the graph convolutional network(GCN)is introduced to the policy network for enhanced learning *** simulation results obtained on New England power system demonstrate superiority of the proposed KF-DRL framework for GTS over the purely data-driven DRL method.

关键词： Deep reinforcement learning generator tripping scheme graph convolutional network invalid action masking knowledgefusion

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Multidimensional image morphing-fast image-based rendering of open 3D and VR environments

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虚拟现实与智能硬件(中英文) 2025年第2期7卷 155-172页

作者： Simon SEIBT Bastian KUTH Bartosz von Rymon LIPINSKI Thomas CHANG Marc Erich LATOSCHIK Game Tech Laboratory Faculty of Computer ScienceNuremberg Institute of TechnologyNuremberg 90489Germany Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Coburg University of Applied Sciences and ArtsCoburg 96450Germany Human-Computer Interaction Group Institute of Computer ScienceUniversity of WuerzburgWuerzburg 97074Germany

Background In recent years,the demand for interactive photorealistic three-dimensional(3D)environments has increased in various fields,including architecture,engineering,and ***,achieving a balance between the quality and efficiency of high-performance 3D applications and virtual reality(VR)remains *** This study addresses this issue by revisiting and extending view interpolation for image-based rendering(IBR),which enables the exploration of spacious open environments in 3D and ***,we introduce multimorphing,a novel rendering method based on the spatial data structure of 2D image patches,called the image *** this approach,novel views can be rendered with up to six degrees of freedom using only a sparse set of *** rendering process does not require 3D reconstruction of the geometry or per-pixel depth information,and all relevant data for the output are extracted from the local morphing cells of the image *** detection of parallax image regions during preprocessing reduces rendering artifacts by extrapolating image patches from adjacent cells in *** addition,a GPU-based solution was presented to resolve exposure inconsistencies within a dataset,enabling seamless transitions of brightness when moving between areas with varying light *** Experiments on multiple real-world and synthetic scenes demonstrate that the presented method achieves high"VR-compatible"frame rates,even on mid-range and legacy hardware,*** achieving adequate visual quality even for sparse datasets,it outperforms other IBR and current neural rendering *** Using the correspondence-based decomposition of input images into morphing cells of 2D image patches,multidimensional image morphing provides high-performance novel view generation,supporting open 3D and VR ***,the handling of morphing artifacts in the parallax image regions remains a topic for future resea

关键词： computer graphics 3D real-time rendering computer vision Image morphing Virtual reality

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SEOE:an option graph based semantically embedding method for prenatal depression detection

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Frontiers of computer science 2024年第6期18卷 245-258页

作者： Xiaosong HAN Mengchen CAO Dong XU Xiaoyue FENG Yanchun LIANG Xiaoduo LANG Renchu GUAN College of Computer Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of EducationJilin UniversityChangchun 130012China Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Christopher S.Bond Life Sciences Center University of MissouriColumbiaMO 65211USA Department of Computer Science and Technology Zhuhai Laboratory of Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of EducationZhuhai College of Science and TechnologyZhuhai 519041China Jilin Provincial Institute of Population Science and Technology Changchun 130000China

Prenatal depression,which can affect pregnant women’s physical and psychological health and cause postpartum depression,is increasing ***,it is essential to detect prenatal depression early and conduct an attribution *** studies have used questionnaires to screen for prenatal depression,but the existing methods lack *** diagnose the early signs of prenatal depression and identify the key factors that may lead to prenatal depression from questionnaires,we present the semantically enhanced option embedding(SEOE)model to represent questionnaire *** can quantitatively determine the relationship and patterns between options and *** first quantifies options and resorts them,gathering options with little difference,since Word2Vec is highly dependent on *** resort task is transformed into an optimization problem involving the traveling salesman ***,all questionnaire samples are used to train the options’vector using ***,an LSTM and GRU fused model incorporating the cycle learning rate is constructed to detect whether a pregnant woman is suffering from *** verify the model,we compare it with other deep learning and traditional machine learning *** experiment results show that our proposed model can accurately identify pregnant women with depression and reach an F1 score of *** most relevant factors of depression found by SEOE are also verified in the *** addition,our model is of low computational complexity and strong generalization,which can be widely applied to other questionnaire analyses of psychiatric disorders.

关键词： questionnaire analyses text classification graph representation learning traveling salesman problem prenatal depression

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