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7th IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and bioengineering, BIBE

作者： Jesneck, Jonathan L. Mukherjee, Sayan Nolte, Loren W. Lokshin, Anna E. Marks, Jeffrey R. Lo, Joseph Department of Biomedical Engineering Department of Statistical Science Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Program Duke Advanced Imaging Labs. Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy Department of Computer Science Duke University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Division of Hematology/Oncology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute Pittsburgh PA 15213 United States Department of Experimental Surgery Duke University Medical Center Medical Physics Graduate Program Duke University Durham NC 27708 United States

ISBN: (纸本)1424415098

Current mammographic screeningfor breast cancer is less effective for younger women. To complement mammography for premenopausal women, we investigated the feasibility screening test using 98 blood serum proteins. Because the data set was very noisy and contained only weak features, we used a classifier designed for noisy data: decision fusion. Decision fusion outperformed both a support vector machine (SVM) and linear regression with forward stepwise feature selection on all three two-class classification tasks: normal tissue vs. cancer, normal tissue vs. benign lesions, and benign lesions vs. cancer. Decision fusion detected cancer moderately well (AUC=0.84 on normal vs. cancer), demonstrating promise as a screening tool. Decision fusion also detected benign lesions similarly well (AUC=0.83 on normal vs. benign lesions) and was the only classifier to achieve any success in separating benign from malignant lesions (AUC=0.64 on benign vs. cancer). The classification results suggest that the assayed proteins are more indicative of a secondary effect, such as immune response, rather than specific for breast cancer. In conclusion, the decision fusion classifier demonstrated some promise in detecting breast lesions and outperformed other classifiers, especially for the very noisy classification problem of distinguishing benign from malignant lesions. ©2007 IEEE.

关键词： Tissue

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Integrating teaching abroad into an international student exchange program

Integrating teaching abroad into an international student ex...

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114th Annual ASEE Conference and Exposition, 2007

作者： Mossbrucker, Joerg Williams, Stephen Chandler, Edward Petersen, Owe Dahms, Holger Thiedke, Jens Milwaukee School of Engineering United States United States United States L-31 Communications Technical Staff AT and T Bell Laboratories United States IEEE ABET EAC Program Lübeck University of Applied Sciences Germany Department of Electrical Engineering Lübeck University of Applied Sciences Germany Lübeck University of Applied Sciences Lübeck Germany Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Milwaukee School of Engineering United States

The electrical engineering program at the Milwaukee School of engineering (MSOE) has integrated a bilateral faculty teaching component into its international student exchange program. Considerable flexibility was needed to adjust to faculty availability and the major differences in academic calendars between the two institutions. Specifically, MSOE is a private institution on a quarter system and its partner university is the Lübeck University of Applied sciences in Lübeck, Germany which utilizes the semester system and is a state university. Among the problems that needed to be overcome is that the semester versus quarter systems simply didn't align and neither institution has the resources to allow faculty absences for an entire academic year. At the Lübeck University of Applied sciences the MSOE faculty generally teach a short intensive 2 week course at the end of the spring semester. An appropriate number of credits and associated grade are given and entered on both university transcripts. The Lübeck university faculty visit MSOE in the fall quarter to participate in the project defense of their own students who perform their Diplom Arbeit (senior thesis project) at a company generally in the Milwaukee region. During the visit the Lübeck faculty also provide a series of special topic lectures in various courses depending on the expertise of the faculty member. The benefits of the faculty exchange are many. Not just does the experience foster a stronger bond to the partner abroad, but the presence of the faculty serves to assure the students that the home institution is paying attention to their welfare and academic progress. The most essential thing we have come to believe is that while good academics are essential to a program, it is the relationships between the people involved in the program that determines a truly successful international program. The faculty exchange aspect has become a lynchpin of our exchange program. © American Society for engineering Ed

关键词： Students

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A NOVEL METHOD OF FABRICATING CONVOLUTED SHAPED ELECTRODE ARRAYS FOR NEURAL AND RETINAL PROSTHESIS

A NOVEL METHOD OF FABRICATING CONVOLUTED SHAPED ELECTRODE AR...

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TRANSDUCERS 2007 - 2007 International Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems Conference, Volume 3 of 5

作者： R. Bhandari S. Negi L. Rieth R. A. Normann F. Solzbacher Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Utah Salt Lake USA Department of Bioengineering University of Utah Salt Lake USA Department of Material Science University of Utah Salt Lake USA

A novel fabrication technique has been developed for creating high density (7.7 electrodes/mm{sup}2), out of plane, high aspect ratio silicon-based convoluted microelectrode arrays for neural and retinal prosthesis. The unique convoluted shape of the electrodes compliments the curved surface of nerves, and in the case of retina, its spherical geometry. This electrode array's geometry has the potential to secure implantation in the nerve and to physically stabilize it against displacement after insertion. This report describes a novel method for de-insulation of the electrode tip and its limitations in terms of uniformity in tip de-insulation.

关键词： Micromachining Electrode arrays Dicing Neural and retinal prosthesis

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8F-1 Integrated All-Optical Ultrasound Transducers

8F-1 Integrated All-Optical Ultrasound Transducers

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IEEE Symposium (IUS) Ultrasonics

作者： Y. Hou S. Ashkenazi S.-W. Huang J.-S. Kim L. J. Guo M. O'Donnell Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA Department of Bioengineering University of Washington Seattle WA USA

A broadband all-optical ultrasound transducer has been designed, constructed and tested for high-frequency ultrasound imaging. It consists of a 3 mum PDMS layer sandwiched between a two-dimensional gold nanostructure and a 30 nm gold layer. A laser pulse at the resonance wavelength of the gold nanostructure is focused onto the surface for ultrasound generation, and a CW laser at a wavelength far from resonance is used as the probing beam. The signal to noise ratio of a pulse-echo signal from a 70 mum diameter transmit element combined with a 20 mum diameter receive element probing a near perfect reflector positioned 1.5 mm from the transducer surface is over 10 dB, and has the potential to be improved by at least another 40 dB, while the center frequency is 40 MHz with -6 dB bandwidth of 57 MHz. A high-frequency ultrasound array has been emulated using multiple measurements from the transducer while mechanically scanning an imaging target. Characterizations of the device's optical and acoustical properties, as well as preliminary imaging results, strongly suggest that all-optical ultrasound transducers can be used to build high-frequency arrays for real-time high-resolution ultrasound imaging.

关键词： Ultrasonic imaging Ultrasonic transducers Optical imaging Gold Acoustic imaging High-resolution imaging Laser noise Optical pulse generation Resonance Optical surface waves

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A Method to Realize Controlled Air/Liquid Interfaces and Interfacial Polymer Micro Membranes in Microfluidic Channels

A Method to Realize Controlled Air/Liquid Interfaces and Int...

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IEEE SENSORS

作者： Daming Cheng YoungJoon Paul Choe Hongrui Jiang Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Wisconsin Madison Madison USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Wisconsin Madison Madison WI USA Materials Science Program University of Wisconsin-Madison USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI. Email: hongrui@engr.wisc.edu

In this study, stable air/liquid interfaces and high-aspect ratio polymer micro membranes with complex and controlled structures were formed within microfluidic channels. The air/liquid interfaces were formed at hydrophilic/hydrophobic boundaries defined by patterned and alkanethiols treated Cu surfaces. The two-phase interfaces were further utilized for interfacial polymerization with two immiscible liquid phases containing the reagents for polymer membrane in the microchannel, to generate polymer micro membranes with not only complex in-plane shapes but also z-direction configurations. To demonstrate this method, high quality and complex nylon membranes were fabricated in microchannels. Straight membranes as long as 15mm, 50 mum thick and 500 mum tall in a microfluidic channel were successfully fabricated, and membranes with different structures were realized.

关键词： Polymers Biomembranes Microfluidics Surface treatment Glass Microchannel Shape Materials science and technology Chemical processes Gold

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A Video Processing Approach to the Study of Obesity

A Video Processing Approach to the Study of Obesity

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IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME)

作者： Ning Yao R. J. Sclabassi Qiang Liu Jie Yang John D. Fernstrom Madelyn H. Fernstrom Mingui Sun Department of Neurosurgery University of Pittsburgh USA University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA US Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering University of Pittsburgh USA School of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University USA Departments of Psychiatry Pharmacology University of Pittsburgh Departments of Psychiatry Surgery Epidemiology University of Pittsburgh Departments of Electrical & Computer Engineering Neurosurgery Bioengineering University of Pittsburgh

Currently, a significant obstacle in identifying the most important factors that contribute to obesity is the lack of appropriate tools to evaluate food consumption and physical activity on a daily basis. This paper presents a novel video-based approach to estimating the energy intake and expenditure of individuals who are over-weight or obese. We propose to utilize a miniature video camera to chronically record data surrounding an individual's daily activity. From the recorded data, energy intake and expenditure are extracted objectively using signal processing algorithms. We discuss two algorithms which are both featured with low computational complexity, suitable for processing large sets of field-acquired video data. These algorithms estimate: (i) energy intake (caloric content) by determining the physical dimensions of the foods consumed; and (ii) energy expenditure by evaluating the extent of the subject's physical activity. We also report initial experimental results to demonstrate the effectiveness of the new approach.

关键词： Food technology Cameras Signal processing algorithms Cardiac disease Bone diseases Cardiovascular diseases Motion measurement Video recording Legged locomotion Sun

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A Systems View of a Neuromorphic VLSI Echolocation System

A Systems View of a Neuromorphic VLSI Echolocation System

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IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)

作者： Timothy K. Horiuchi Matthew Cheely Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Institute for Systems Research Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program University of Maryland College park MD USA Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program University of Maryland College park MD USA

Echolocating bats have long demonstrated the potential for air-coupled sonar to guide agile navigation through complex 3D environments. While air-coupled sonar has been extensively used in mobile ground robotics and a considerable amount of the bat's auditory system has been studied, little work has been done to understand how the neural circuitry of the bat can integrate echoes into a coherent, behaving system. This paper addresses the unique characteristics of bat echolocation and how they impact the design of a neuromorphic VLSI-based echolocation system. By constructing a system to solve bat-specific sensorimotor tasks the authors have encountered a number of interesting issues and questions that commonly face neuromorphic VLSI designers. Successes, problematic issues, and future directions are discussed

关键词： Neuromorphics Very large scale integration Auditory system Neurons Sonar navigation Mobile robots Frequency Delay estimation Neuroscience Cognitive science

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Lattice Boltzmann algorithms for fluid turbulence

Lattice Boltzmann algorithms for fluid turbulence

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department of Defense - HPCMP Users Group Conference 2007;High Performance Computing Modernization program: A Bridge to Future Defense, DoD HPCMP UGC

作者： Vahala, George Yepez, Jeffrey Soe, Min Vahala, Linda Ziegeler, Sean Department of Physics College of William and Mary Williamsburg VA United States Hanscom Field MA United States Department of Mathematics and Science Rogers State University Claremore OK United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Old Dominion University Norfolk VA United States High Performance Computing Modernization Program Mississippi State University MS United States

ISBN: (纸本)0769530885

Lattice Boltzmann algorihms are a mesoscopic representation of nonlinear continuum physics (like Navier-Stokes, magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), Gross-Pitaevskii equations) which are ideal for parallel supercomputers because they transform the difficult nonlinear convective macroscopic derivatives into purely local moments of distribution functions. The macroscopic nonlinearities are recovered by relaxation distribution functions in the collision operator whose dependence on the macroscopic velocity is algebraically nonlinear and thus purely local. Unlike standard computational fluid dynamics codes, there is no loss in parallelization in handling arbitrary geometric boundaries, e.g., using bounce-back rules from kinetic theory. By encoding detailed balance into the collision operator through the introduction of discrete H-function, the lattice Boltzmann algorithm can be made unconditionally stable for arbitrary high Reynolds numbers. It is shown that this approach is a special case of a quantum lattice Boltzmann algorithm that entangles local qubits through unitary collision operators and which is ideally parallelized on quantum computer architectures. Here we consider turbulence simulations using 2,048 PEs on a 1,6003-spatial grid. A connection is found between the rate of change of enstrophy and the onset of laminar-to-turbulent flows. © 2007 IEEE.

关键词： Magnetohydrodynamics

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Using pitch, amplitude modulation, and spatial cues for separation of harmonic instruments from stereo music recordings

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Eurasip Journal on Advances in Signal Processing 2007年 2007卷

作者： Woodruff, John Pardo, Bryan Music Technology Program School of Music Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 United States

Recent work in blind source separation applied to anechoic mixtures of speech allows for improved reconstruction of sources that rarely overlap in a time-frequency representation. While the assumption that speech mixtures do not overlap significantly in time-frequency is reasonable, music mixtures rarely meet this constraint, requiring new approaches. We introduce a method that uses spatial cues from anechoic, stereo music recordings and assumptions regarding the structure of musical source signals to effectively separate mixtures of tonal music. We discuss existing techniques to create partial source signal estimates from regions of the mixture where source signals do not overlap significantly. We use these partial signals within a new demixing framework, in which we estimate harmonic masks for each source, allowing the determination of the number of active sources in important time-frequency frames of the mixture. We then propose a method for distributing energy from time-frequency frames of the mixture to multiple source signals. This allows dealing with mixtures that contain time-frequency frames in which multiple harmonic sources are active without requiring knowledge of source characteristics. Copyright © 2007 Hindawi Publishing Corporation. All rights reserved.

关键词： Harmonic generation

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A first-order mechanical device to model traumatized craniovascular biodynamics

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Journal of Medical Devices, Transactions of the ASME 2007年第1期1卷 89-95页

作者： Kohles, Sean S. Mangan, Ryan W. Stan, Edward McNames, James Kohles Bioengineering Portland OR 97214-5135 United States Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Portland State University Portland OR 97207-0751 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Portland State University Portland OR 97207-0751 United States Biomedical Signal Processing Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Portland State University Portland OR 97207-0751 United States Department of Surgery Oregon Health and Science University Portland OR 97239-3098 United States

Mathematical models currently exist that explore the physiology of normal and traumatized intracranial function. Mechanical models are used to assess harsh environments that may potentially cause head injuries. However, few mechanical models are designed to study the adaptive physiologic response to traumatic brain injury. We describe a first-order physical model designed and fabricated to elucidate the complex biomechanical factors associated with dynamic intracranial physiology. The uni-directional flow device can be used to study interactions between the cranium, brain tissue, cerebrospinal fluid, vasculature, blood, and the heart. Solid and fluid materials were selected to simulate key properties of the cranial system. Total constituent volumes (solid and fluid) and volumetric flow (650 ml/min) represent adult human physiology, and the lengths of the individual segments along the flow-path are in accord with Poiseuille's equation. The physical model includes a mechanism to simulate autoregulatory vessel dynamics. Intracranial pressures were measured at multiple locations throughout the model during simulations with and without post-injury brain tissue swelling. Two scenarios were modeled for both cases: Applications of vasodilation/constriction and changes in the head of bed position. Statistical results indicate that all independent variables had significant influence over fluid pressures measured throughout the model (p < 0.0001) including the vasoconstriction mechanism (p=0.0255). The physical model represents a first-order design realization that helps to establish a link between mathematical and mechanical models. Future designs will provide further insight into traumatic head injury and provide a framework for unifying the knowledge gained from mathematical models, injury mechanics, clinical observations, and the response to therapies. Copyright © 2007 by ASME.

关键词： Biomechanics

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