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IEEE Winter Meeting Power engineering Society

作者： M. Ilic J.W. Black J.L. Watz Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science MIT Cambridge MA USA Engineering Systems Division in the Technology Management and Policy Program MIT Cambridge MA USA Engineering Systems Division in the Technology and Policy Program MIT Cambridge MA USA

ISBN: (纸本)0780373227

The design of wholesale electricity markets through deregulation has focused almost exclusively on the development of competitive supply (generation). The demand side of the market has been virtually ignored. Mostly, this is due to the assumption that electricity demand is almost completely inelastic. As a result, deregulated wholesale markets universally fail to pass price signals down to the end-users. This paper challenges the assumption of inelastic demand by exploring the potential benefits of implementing a simple load control scheme. This load control scheme allows consumers to shift demand from high priced hours to low priced hours during the day. The benefits to the individual consumer are explored through an example applied to residential air conditioning using price and demand data from California. This example shows that "smart" use of air conditioning can lead to great savings for residential consumers, without sacrificing comfort. The potential for multiple consumers implementing load control to reduce wholesale prices is also examined.

关键词： Load flow control Aggregates Electricity supply industry Power generation Electricity supply industry deregulation Air conditioning Energy management Energy consumption Power engineering and energy Systems engineering and theory

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A SCS CMOS micromirror for optical coherence tomographic imaging

A SCS CMOS micromirror for optical coherence tomographic ima...

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IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems

作者： Huikai Xie Yingtian Pan G.K. Fedder Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA USA Science and Technology Center Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA USA Departments of Medicine and BioEngineering University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA

ISBN: (纸本)0780371852

Reports a single-crystalline silicon (SCS) micromirror used for laser beam scanning in an endoscopic optical coherence tomography (OCT) system. The micromirror is fabricated by using a deep reactive-ion-etch (DRIE) post-CMOS micromachining process. Thin bimorph actuation structures and movable bulk silicon structures are simultaneously achieved. The micromirror is 1 mm by 1 mm in size, coated with aluminum, and thermally actuated by an integrated polysilicon heater. The radius of curvature of the mirror surface is 50 cm. The mirror rotates 17/spl deg/ when a 15 mA current is applied. Cross-sectional images of 500 /spl times/ 1000 pixels covering an area of 2.9 mm by 2.8 mm are acquired at 5 frames/s by using an OCT system based on this micromirror.

关键词： Micromirrors Tomography Optical imaging Mirrors Optical interferometry Temperature Biomedical optical imaging Biomedical imaging Silicon Aluminum

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Instrumentation for imaging of breast lesions based on co-registered diffuse optical and X-ray tomography

Instrumentation for imaging of breast lesions based on co-re...

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Biomedical Topical Meeting, BIOMED 2002

作者： Brukilacchio, Thomas J. Zhang, Quan Stott, Jonathan Li, Ang Boas, David A. Wu, Tao Moore, Richard H. Kopans, Daniel B. Bioengineering Center Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Tufts University MedfordMA02155 United States NMR Center Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School 13th Street Building 149 CharlestownMA0212 United States Physics Department Tufts University MedfordMA02155 United States Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School 13th Street Building 149 CharlestownMA02129 United States

The design and characterization of a multi-modality system is presented for imaging of breast lesions based on co-registered diffuse optical and X-Ray tomography. Inherent limitations of X-Ray are overcome by combinat... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)1557527024

关键词： Imaging systems

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Neural estimation of scatterer density in ultrasound

Neural estimation of scatterer density in ultrasound

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International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)

作者： R. Smolikova M.P. Wachowiak G.D. Tourassi J.M. Zurada Institute for Research and Applications of Fuzzy Modeling University of Ostrava Ostrava Czech Republic Computer Science and Engineering Program University of Louisville Louisville KY USA Department of Radiology Duke University Medical Center Durham NC USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Louisville Louisville KY USA

Ultrasonic backscatter can provide information on the density of scatterers within biological media, and is therefore an important tool in tissue characterization. In this paper, a novel neural network approach to estimate scatterer density from generalized entropy is proposed. Neural estimation compares favorably with nonlinear least-squares models.

关键词： Ultrasonic imaging Rayleigh scattering Acoustic scattering Entropy Backscatter Signal to noise ratio Biomedical engineering Biomedical imaging Biological system modeling Ultrasonic transducers

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ENERGY-EFFICIENT BROADCASTING IN WIRELESS AD HOC NETWORKS LOWER BOUNDS AND ALGORITHMS

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Journal of Interconnection Networks 2002年第3N04期3卷 149-166页

作者： FANG BIAN ASHISH GOEL C. S. RAGHAVENDRA XIN LI Department of Computer Science University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089-0781 USA Bian and Raghavendra are supported in part by the DARPA contract F33615-00-C-1633 in the Power Aware Computing and Communications Program and by the DARPA/AFRL under agreement no. F30602-01-2-0549. Goel is supported in part by the NSF GAREER award 0133968. Department of Electrical Engineering University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089-2652 USA

Energy-efficient communication is critical for increasing life of power limited wireless ad hoc networks. There has been considerable interest in minimum energy broadcast operations. In this paper, we develop bounds and an algorithm for minimizing energy cost for broadcasting from any source to all other nodes in the network. Most prior work have used simpler model for energy cost for wireless communications by accounting only the analog radiation cost for transmission and ignored the fixed cost for electronics in transmission and reception circuitry in nodes. Furthermore, in a network it is possible for some node pairs not be able to communicate directly even though they are in their radio ranges due to obstacles present in the terrain of the network.

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BOOK REVIEW: Bioimpedance and Bioelectricity Basics, by Sverre Grimnes and Orjan G. Martinsen

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Annals of Biomedical engineering 2002年第2期30卷 282-282页

作者： Vieira, Luis Carlos Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Elétrica e Informática Industrial Departamento de Eletrônica e Telecomunicações (Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering and Industrial Computer Science Department of Electronics and Telecommunications) Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica do Paraná (Federal Center of Technological Education of Paraná) Curitiba Brazil

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Generalized regression neural networks for biomedical image interpolation

Generalized regression neural networks for biomedical image ...

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International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)

作者： M.P. Wachowiak A.S. Elmaghraby R. Smolikova J.M. Zurada Computer Science and Engineering Program University of Louisville Louisville KY USA Department of Computer Engineering and Computer Science University of Louisville Louisville KY USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Louisville Louisville KY USA

ISBN: (纸本)0780370449

A neural-statistical approach to biomedical image interpolation using generalized regression neural networks is presented. These networks are basis function architectures that approximate any arbitrary function between input and output vectors directly from training samples, and with any desired degree of smoothness, and thus can be used for multidimensional interpolation. Experimental results compare favorably with other interpolation techniques. Because of their flexibility and ease of training, generalized regression networks can be used to complement existing approaches, and can be especially useful for post-registration image fusion and visualization.

关键词： Neural networks Biomedical imaging Interpolation Kernel Biomedical engineering Spline computer science Biomedical computing computer networks Visualization

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Achievement of essentially full spatial coherence in a high-average-power soft-x-ray laser

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Physical Review A 2001年第3期63卷 033802-033802页

作者： Y. Liu M. Seminario F. G. Tomasel C. Chang J. J. Rocca D. T. Attwood Applied Science and Technology Graduate Program University of California Berkeley California 94720 Center for X-ray Optics Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80523 Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of California Berkeley California 94720

We report an observation of essentially full spatial coherence in a high average power soft-x-ray laser. Rapid coherence buildup due to strong refractive antiguiding in a long plasma column is experimentally demonstrated. This allows the generation of fully coherent, milliwatt-level average power soft-x-ray radiation by a tabletop device. The peak brightness of this laser reaches 2×1025photonss−1mm−2mrad−2 within 0.01% spectral bandwidth, making it one of the brightest soft-x-ray sources available.

关键词： .full spatial high average coherence buildup plasma column degree of spatial

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Design and performance of a distributed dynamic clustering algorithm for ad-hoc networks

Design and performance of a distributed dynamic clustering a...

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Annual Symposium on Simulation

作者： A.B. McDonald T.F. Znati Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Northeastern University Boston MA USA Department of Computer Science Telecommunica.tions Program University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA

ISBN: (纸本)0769510922

Routing in ad-hoc networks is a difficult challenge that involves a tradeoff between efficiency and responsiveness. An ad-hoc network routing algorithm must adapt rapidly enough to topology changes to meet the performance demands of users, without over-utilizing network resources. This paper presents the (/spl alpha/,t) cluster framework which utilizes a distributed dynamic clustering strategy to organize nodes into clusters in which the probability of path failure due to node movement can be bounded over time. The objective of the clustering strategy is to achieve scalability and support robust, efficient routing subject to a wide range of mobility rates. Based on the (/spl alpha/,t) cluster scheme, routes within clusters are maintained on a proactive basis, whereas hierarchical routing between clusters is managed on a demand-basis. Simulation results show that the cluster organization can be effectively adapted to node mobility and that routing is both more robust and efficient than routing in fully proactive, reactive or fixed-hybrid schemes.

关键词： Algorithm design and analysis Clustering algorithms Heuristic algorithms Routing Ad hoc networks Network topology Robustness Telecommunication traffic Delay Telecommunication network topology

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A magnetically damped momentum transfer device to reduce chatter in a micro-mechanical switch

A magnetically damped momentum transfer device to reduce cha...

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IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems

作者： B. Chaudhuri K. Fischer H. Guckel Materials Science Program University of Wisconsin Madison WI USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Wisconsin Madison WI USA

ISBN: (纸本)0780359984

A micro-mechanical switch has been designed and fabricated in which the bounce after contact closure has been reduced by using mechanical momentum transfer and magnetic damping, while maintaining high contact forces. The period of chatter has been reduced from 1.5 milliseconds to less than 0.3 milliseconds, while the switching speed is 5 millisecond. The switch has been fabricated using Permalloy (78% Ni and 22% Fe) and copper. The LIGA process was used in the fabrication of the switch. An improved copper process allowed the fabrication of high aspect ratio (20:1) structures which were subsequently freed and assembled.

关键词： Magnetic devices Magnetic moments Switches Contacts Copper Fabrication Magnetic switching Damping Iron Assembly

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