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arXiv 2025年

作者： Partohaghighi, Mohammad Marcia, Roummel Chen, YangQuan Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Graduate Program University of California Merced United States Department of Applied Mathematics University of California Merced MercedCA United States Lab Department of Mechanical Engineering School of Engineering University of California MercedCA95343 United States

Fractional-order stochastic gradient descent (FOSGD) leverages fractional exponents to capture long-memory effects in optimization. However, its utility is often limited by the difficulty of tuning and stabilizing these exponents. We propose 2SED Fractional-Order Stochastic Gradient Descent (2SEDFOSGD), which integrates the Two-Scale Effective Dimension (2SED) algorithm with FOSGD to adapt the fractional exponent in a data-driven manner. By tracking model sensitivity and effective dimensionality, 2SEDFOSGD dynamically modulates the exponent to mitigate oscillations and hasten convergence. Theoretically, for onoconvex optimization problems, this approach preserves the advantages of fractional memory without the sluggish or unstable behavior observed in naïve fractional SGD. Empirical evaluations in Gaussian and α-stable noise scenarios using an autoregressive (AR) model highlight faster convergence and more robust parameter estimates compared to baseline methods, underscoring the potential of dimension-aware fractional techniques for advanced modeling and estimation tasks. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Convex optimization

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Learn How to Design High-Quality Qualitative Educational Research! – A Workshop for Disciplinary STEM Faculty by Disciplinary STEM Faculty

Learn How to Design High-Quality Qualitative Educational Res...

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Frontiers in Education (FIE) Conference

作者： John R. Morelock Michelle Jarvie-Eggart Heather Chenette Sara Hooshangi Betsy Chestnutt Sarah Wilson Azadeh Bolhari Kirsten Dodson Iglika Pavlova Rebecca Reck Engineering Education Transformations Institute University of Georgia Athens GA USA Engineering Fundamentals Michigan Technological University Houghton MI USA Chemical Engineering Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology Terre Haute IN USA Computer Science - Northern Virginia Center Virginia Tech Washington D.C. USA Engineering Fundamentals University of Tennessee Knoxville Knoxville TN USA Chemical Engineering University of Kentucky Lexington KY USA Environmental Engineering Program University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO USA Mechanical Engineering Lipscomb University Nashville TN USA Department of Biology University of North Carolina Greensboro Greensboro NC USA Bioengineering University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Champaign IL USA

The purpose of this workshop-designed for instructional and disciplinary STEM faculty interested in learning about qualitative research-is to (1) introduce participants to high-quality qualitative research design and (2) practice this design process alongside disciplinary STEM faculty to expand their STEM education research abilities and network. We will do so using the ProQual approach, a methodologically unencumbered and widely accessible way of thinking about qualitative research design that was deployed and refined over the last three years as part of the NSF-funded ProQual Institute for Research Methods [1]. This workshop will be conducted by ProQual Institute alumni, who are culturally sensitive to the challenges faced by disciplinary STEM faculty. Leveraging a propagation model of effecting academic change [2], the workshop leaders will serve as a community of practice to help participants move their educational research ideas forward during and after the workshop. In doing so, we strive to further FIE's mission to create a collaborative, supportive, and inclusive community of educational researchers.

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Application of Deep Artificial Neural Network to Model Characteristic Fluctuation of Multi-Channel Gate-All-Around Silicon Nanosheet and Nanofin MOSFETs Induced by Random Nanosized Metal Grains

Application of Deep Artificial Neural Network to Model Chara...

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IEEE Electron Devices Technology and Manufacturing Conference (EDTM)

作者： Sagarika Dash Yiming Li Wen-Li Sung Parallel and Scientific Computing Laboratory National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan Electrical Engineering and Computer Science International Graduate Program National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan Institute of Communications Engineering National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan Institute of Biomedical Engineering National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan Center for mm Wave Smart Radar System and Technologies National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan

In this work, we propose a deep artificial neural network (D-ANN) to estimate the work function fluctuation (WKF) on 4-channel stacked gate-all-around (GAA) silicon (Si) nanosheet (NS) and nanofin (NF) MOSFET devices for the first time. The 2-layered simple deep model can well predict the transfer characteristics for both NS/NF FET with a large number of (128) input features, utilizing considerably lesser (1100 samples) data uniformly. The resultant model is evaluated by the $\mathrm{R}^{2}$ score and RMSE to witness its competency and the average error is $< 4\%$ . We do also discuss the circuit simulation possibility by applying the ANN approach.

关键词： Semiconductor device modeling MOSFET Gallium arsenide Artificial neural networks Predictive models Logic gates Silicon

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Optically-generated focused ultrasound for noninvasive brain stimulation with ultrahigh precision

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Li, Yueming Jiang, Ying Lan, Lu Ge, Xiaowei Cheng, Ran Zhan, Yuewei Chen, Guo Shi, Linli Wang, Runyu Zheng, Nan Yang, Chen Cheng, Ji-Xin Department of Mechanical Engineering Boston University BostonMA02215 United States Graduate Program for Neuroscience Boston University BostonMA02215 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Boston University BostonMA02215 United States Department of Chemistry Boston University BostonMA02215 United States Department of Biomedical Engineering Boston University BostonMA02215 United States Division of Materials Science and Engineering Boston University BostonMA02215 United States

High precision neuromodulation is a powerful tool to decipher neurocircuits and treat neurological diseases. Current non-invasive neuromodulation methods offer limited precision at the millimeter-level. Here, we report optically-generated focused ultrasound (OFUS) for non-invasive brain stimulation with ultrahigh precision. OFUS is generated by a soft optoacoustic pad (SOAP) fabricated through embedding candle soot nanoparticles in a curved polydimethylsiloxane film. SOAP generates a transcranial ultrasound focus at 15 MHz with an ultrahigh lateral resolution of 83 µm, which is two orders of magnitude smaller than that of conventional transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS). Here, we show effective OFUS neurostimulation in vitro with a single ultrasound cycle. We demonstrate submillimeter transcranial stimulation of the mouse motor cortex in vivo. An acoustic energy of 0.6 mJ/cm2, four orders of magnitude less than that of tFUS, is sufficient for successful OFUS neurostimulation. OFUS offers new capabilities for neuroscience studies and disease treatments by delivering a focus with ultrahigh precision non-invasively. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Silicones

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Effects of Surface Passivation on CdZnTeSe Nuclear Detectors

Effects of Surface Passivation on CdZnTeSe Nuclear Detectors

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IEEE Symposium on Nuclear science (NSS/MIC)

作者： Stephen U. Egarievwe Utpal N. Roy Ezekiel O. Agbalagba Amir H. Davis Mordecai B. Israel Parion L. Alexander Ralph B. James Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Science Center Alabama A&M University AL USA Department of Nonproliferation and National Security Brookhaven National Laboratory NY USA Science and Technology Savannah River National Laboratory Aiken SC USA Department of Physics Federal University of Petroleum Resources Delta State Nigeria Department of Bioengineering Stanford University CA USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of South Alabama Mobile AL USA Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences Alabama A&M University AL USA

ISBN: (数字)9781665421133

ISBN: (纸本)9781665421140

Cadmium zinc telluride selenide (CdZnTeSe) has shown great promise in reducing the cost of semiconductor nuclear detectors that can operate at room temperature without cryogenic cooling. This is due to the high yield of detector-grade materials in the CdZnTeSe crystal growth process, which can be attributed to the much smaller numbers of Te inclusions and grain boundary network in CdZnTeSe compared to other CdTe-based semiconductors such as CdZnTe. In the present work, we study the effects of surface passivation on CdZnTe detectors using a mixture of ammonium fluoride and hydrogen peroxide solution (NH 4 F + H 2 O 2 + H 2 O). Detectors fabricated from CdZnTeSe crystals showed very good energy resolutions: 1.1% for the 662-keV gamma peak of 137 Cs by Frisch-grid detectors, and 5.9% for the 59.6-keV gamma peak of 241 Am by planar detectors. Experimental results show that the leakage current is increased immediately after passivation and then decreases as the surfaces stabilizes. The resistivity of the CdZnTeSe is of the order of 10 10 Ω-cm. The surface passivation improved the energy resolution of planar detector by 18% for the 59.6-keV gamma peak of 241 Am.

关键词： Water Grain boundaries Crystal growth Energy resolution Hydrogen Detectors Leakage currents

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Quantum simulation of an extended Dicke model with a magnetic solid

Communications Materials

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Communications Materials 2024年第1期5卷 1-9页

作者： Marquez Peraca, Nicolas Li, Xinwei Moya, Jaime M. Hayashida, Kenji Kim, Dasom Ma, Xiaoxuan Neubauer, Kelly J. Fallas Padilla, Diego Huang, Chien-Lung Dai, Pengcheng Nevidomskyy, Andriy H. Pu, Han Morosan, Emilia Cao, Shixun Bamba, Motoaki Kono, Junichiro Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice University HoustonTX United States Department of Physics California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA United States Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley–Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX United States Division of Applied Physics Graduate School of Engineering Hokkaido University Hokkaido Japan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University HoustonTX United States Department of Physics International Center of Quantum and Molecular Structures and Materials Genome Institute Shanghai University Shanghai China Department of Physics and Center for Quantum Frontiers of Research and Technology National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan Department of Chemistry Rice University HoustonTX United States Department of Physics I Kyoto University Kyoto Japan The Hakubi Center for Advanced Research Kyoto University Kyoto Japan PRESTO Japan Science and Technology Agency Saitama Japan Department of Physics Yokohama National University Yokohama Japan Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering Rice University HoustonTX United States

The Dicke model describes the cooperative interaction of an ensemble of two-level atoms with a single-mode photonic field and exhibits a quantum phase transition as a function of light–matter coupling strength. Extending this model by incorporating short-range atom–atom interactions makes the problem intractable but is expected to produce new physical phenomena and phases. Here, we simulate such an extended Dicke model using a crystal of ErFeO3, where the role of atoms (photons) is played by Er3+ spins (Fe3+ magnons). Through terahertz spectroscopy and magnetocaloric effect measurements as a function of temperature and magnetic field, we demonstrated the existence of a novel atomically ordered phase in addition to the superradiant and normal phases that are expected from the standard Dicke model. Further, we elucidated the nature of the phase boundaries in the temperature–magnetic-field phase diagram, identifying both first-order and second-order phase transitions. These results lay the foundation for studying multiatomic quantum optics models using well-characterized many-body solid-state systems. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Atoms

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Association Between Long‑Term Exposure to Air Pollution and the Rate of Mortality After Hip Fracture Surgery in Patients Older Than 60 Years: Nationwide Cohort Study in Taiwan

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JMIR Public Health and Surveillance 2024年 10卷 e46591页

作者： Chuang, Shu-Han Kuo, Yi-Jie Huang, Shu-Wei Zhang, Han-Wei Peng, Hsiao-Ching Chen, Yu-Pin Division of General Practice Department of Medical Education Changhua Christian Hospital Changhua Taiwan Department of Orthopedics Wan Fang Hospital Taipei Medical University Taipei City Taiwan Department of Orthopedics School of Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Department of Applied Science National Taitung University Taitung County Taitung City Taiwan MetaTrial Research Center Biomedica Corporation New Taipei Taiwan Program for Aging China Medical University Taichung Taiwan Institute of Population Health Sciences National Health Research Institutes Miaoli Taiwan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Institute of Electrical Control Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan

Background: To enhance postoperative patient survival, particularly in older adults, understanding the predictors of mortality following hip fracture becomes paramount. Air pollution, a prominent global environmental issue, has been linked to heightened morbidity and mortality across a spectrum of diseases. Nevertheless, the precise impact of air pollution on hip fracture outcomes remains elusive. Objective: This retrospective study aims to comprehensively investigate the profound influence of a decade-long exposure to 12 diverse air pollutants on the risk of post–hip fracture mortality among older Taiwanese patients (older than 60 years). We hypothesized that enduring long-term exposure to air pollution would significantly elevate the 1-year mortality rate following hip fracture surgery. Methods: From Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database, we obtained the data of patients who underwent hip fracture surgery between July 1, 2003, and December 31, 2013. Using patients’ insurance registration data, we estimated their cumulative exposure levels to sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3), particulate matter having a size of <10 μm (PM10), particulate matter having a size of <2.5 μm (PM2.5), nitrogen oxides (NOX), nitrogen monoxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), total hydrocarbons (THC), nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHC), and methane (CH4). We quantified the dose-response relationship between these air pollutants and the risk of mortality by calculating hazard ratios associated with a 1 SD increase in exposure levels over a decade. Results: Long-term exposure to SO2, CO, PM10, PM2.5, NOX, NO, NO2, THC, NMHC, and CH4 demonstrated significant associations with heightened all-cause mortality risk within 1 year post hip fracture surgery among older adults. For older adults, eac

关键词： air pollution environmental hazard exposure hazard hip fracture morbidity mortality older adult

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Performance limits due to thermal transport in graphene single-photon bolometers

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Fried, Caleb Jordan Russell, B. Arnault, Ethan G. Huang, Bevin Lee, Gil-Ho Englund, Dirk Henriksen, Erik A. Fong, Kin Chung Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Harvard University CambridgeMA02138 United States Department of Physics Harvard University CambridgeMA02138 United States Raytheon BBN Quantum Engineering and Computing Group CambridgeMA02138 United States Department of Physics Washington University in St. Louis St. LouisMO United States Intelligence Community Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Department of Physics Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang790-784 Korea Republic of

In high-sensitivity bolometers and calorimeters, the photon absorption often occurs at a finite distance from the temperature sensor to accommodate antennas or avoid the degradation of superconducting circuitry exposed to radiation. As a result, thermal propagation from the input to the temperature readout can critically affect detector performance. In this report we model the performance of a graphene bolometer, accounting for electronic thermal diffusion and dissipation via electron-phonon coupling at low temperatures in three regimes: clean, supercollision, and resonant scattering. Our results affirm the feasibility of a superconducting readout without Cooper-pair breaking by mid- and near-infrared photons, and provide a recipe for designing graphene absorbers for calorimetric single-photon detectors. We investigate the tradeoff between the input-readout distance and detector efficiency, and predict an intrinsic timing jitter of ∼2.7 ps. Based on our result, we propose a spatial-mode-resolving photon detector to increase communication bandwidth. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Graphene

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3D-printed liquid metal polymer composites as NIR-responsive 4D printing soft robot

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Nature Communications 2023年第1期14卷 1-12页

作者： Zhang, Liwen Huang, Xumin Cole, Tim Lu, Hongda Hang, Jiangyu Li, Weihua Tang, Shi-Yang Boyer, Cyrille Davis, Thomas P. Qiao, Ruirui Australian Institute of Bioengineering & Nanotechnology The University of Queensland Brisbane 4072 QLD Australia Department of Electronic Electrical and Systems Engineering University of Birmingham Birmingham United Kingdom School of Mechanical Materials Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering University of Wollongong Wollongong 2522 NSW Australia School of Electronics and Computer Science University of Southampton Southampton SO17 1BJ United Kingdom Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design School of Chemical Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney 2052 NSW Australia

4D printing combines 3D printing with nanomaterials to create shape-morphing materials that exhibit stimuli-responsive functionalities. In this study, reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization agents grafted onto liquid metal nanoparticles are successfully employed in ultraviolet light-mediated stereolithographic 3D printing and near-infrared light-responsive 4D printing. Spherical liquid metal nanoparticles are directly prepared in 3D-printed resins via a one-pot approach, providing a simple and efficient strategy for fabricating liquid metal-polymer composites. Unlike rigid nanoparticles, the soft and liquid nature of nanoparticles reduces glass transition temperature, tensile stress, and modulus of 3D-printed materials. This approach enables the photothermal-induced 4D printing of composites, as demonstrated by the programmed shape memory of 3D-printed composites rapidly recovering to their original shape in 60 s under light irradiation. This work provides a perspective on the use of liquid metal-polymer composites in 4D printing, showcasing their potential for application in the field of soft robots. © 2023, The Author(s).

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TEAM: TRIANGULAR-MESH ADAPTIVE AND MULTISCALE PROTON SPOT GENERATION METHOD

International Journal of Particle Therapy

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International Journal of Particle Therapy 2024年 12卷

作者： Chao Wang Bowen Lin Yuting Lin Suzanne M. Shontz Weizhang Huang Ronald Chen Hao Gao Department Of Radiation Oncology University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City United States of America Department Of Intervention Medicine The Second Hospital of Shandong University Jinan China Department Of Electrical Engineering And Computer Science Institute For Information Sciences Bioengineering Program University of Kansas Lawrence United States of America Department Of Mathematics University of Kansas Lawrence United States of America

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