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arXiv 2024年

作者： Omidi, Saeed Fabi, Gianluca Wang, Xiaopeng Hwang, James C.M. Berdichevsky, Yevgeny Department of Bioengineering Lehigh University Bethlehem United States Department of Material Science and Engineering Cornell University Ithaca United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Bethlehem United States

Intracellular processes triggered by neural activity include changes in ionic concentrations, protein release, and synaptic vesicle cycling. These processes play significant roles in neurological disorders. The beneficial effects of brain stimulation may also be mediated through intracellular changes. There is a lack of label-free techniques for monitoring activity-dependent intracellular changes. Electromagnetic (EM) waves at frequencies larger than 1x106 Hz (1 MHz) were previously used to probe intracellular contents of cells, as cell membrane becomes "invisible" at this frequency range. EM waves interact with membranes of intracellular organelles, proteins, and water in the MHz – GHz range. In this work, we developed a device for probing the interaction between active neurons’ intracellular contents and EM waves. The device used an array of grounded coplanar waveguides (GCPWs) to deliver EM waves to a three-dimensional (3D) spheroid of rat cortical neurons. Neural activity was evoked using optogenetics, with synchronous detection of propagation of EM waves. Broadband measurements were conducted in the MHz-GHz range to track changes in transmission coefficients. Neuronal activity was found to reversibly alter EM wave transmission. Pharmacological suppression of neuronal activity abolished changes in transmission. Time constants of changes in transmission were in the seconds – tens of seconds range, suggesting the presence of relatively slow, activity-dependent intracellular processes. This study provides the first evidence that EM transmission through neuronal tissue is activity-dependent in MHz – GHz range. Device developed in this work may find future applications in studies of the mechanisms of neurological disorders and the development of new therapies. © 2024, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Neurons

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A Novel Resource Allocation in Software-Defined Networks for IoT Application 31

A Novel Resource Allocation in Software-Defined Networks for...

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31st International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and computer Networks, SoftCOM 2023

作者： De Sousa, Alexandre Ladeira Okey, Ogobuchi Daniel Rosa, Renata Lopes Saadi, Muhammad Rodriguez, Demostenes Zegarra Federal University of Lavras Department of Computer Science Minas Gerais Lavras Brazil Federal University of ABC Santo Andre Graduate Program in Information Engineering Sao Paulo Brazil University of Central Punjab Department of Electrical Enginnering Punjab Pakistan Federal University of Lavras Computer Science Department Minas Gerais Lavras Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9798350301076

The rapid proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has posed significant challenges for network resource allocation and management. In this paper, we propose a novel methodology for efficient resource allocation in Software-Defined Networks (SDNs) to meet the unique requirements of IoT applications. Our approach leverages the flexibility and programmability of SDN to dynamically allocate network resources based on the specific needs of IoT devices. Our proposal combines reinforcement learning with dynamic resource allocation, demonstrating its effectiveness in optimizing resource allocation and enhancing network performance. The results highlight the potential of our approach to addressing the resource challenges in SDN-based IoT environments. The proposed method obtains results superior to 30% of throughput in comparison to a traditional resource allocation in SDN to IoT applications. © 2023 University of Split, FESB.

关键词： Internet of things

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Unified Approach to Video-Based AI Inference Tasks in Augmented Reality Systems Assisted by Mobile Edge Computing 31

Unified Approach to Video-Based AI Inference Tasks in Augmen...

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31st International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and computer Networks, SoftCOM 2023

作者： Sousa, Alexandre Ladeira De Okey, Ogobuchi Daniel Rosa, Renata Lopes Saadi, Muhammad Rodriguez, Demostenes Zegarra Federal University of Lavras Department of Computer Science Minas Gerais Lavras Brazil Federal University of ABC Graduate Program in Information Engineering Sao Paulo Santo Andre Brazil University of Central Punjab Department of Electrical Enginnering Punjab Pakistan Federal University of Lavras Computer Science Department Minas Gerais Lavras Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9798350301076

In the rapidly evolving field of Augmented Reality (AR), delivering real-time, immersive experiences places a significant demand on computational resources, particularly in the context of video-based Artificial Intelligence (AI) inference tasks. Some solutions explorate optimize the tasks using the potential of Mobile Edge Computing (MEC), in which MEC brings the advantages of reduced latency and network congestion, which are critical for AR systems. In this work, we designed a novel algorithm named AR-MEC Optimization for the distribution of AI inference tasks among edge servers while considering several factors including task complexity, server capacity, and network conditions. Our approach not only ensures low-latency responses but also improves overall system efficiency and the user's Quality of Experience (QoE). Experimental results demonstrate that our unified approach significantly outperforms traditional cloud-based methods in terms of response time and computational efficiency, thereby highlighting the potential of MEC-assisted AR systems for real-world applications. © 2023 University of Split, FESB.

关键词： Augmented reality

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Control of Magnetic Skyrmions in an Exchange Biased van der Waals Ferromagnet

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Microscopy and microanalysis : the official journal of Microscopy Society of America, Microbeam Analysis Society, Microscopical Society of Canada 2023年第1期29卷 1710-1711页

作者： McCray, Arthur R C Lebedev, Dmitry Arpaci, Sevdenur Te Velthuis, Suzanne G E Lopez-Dominguez, Victor Amiri, Pedram Khalili Hersam, Mark C. Petford-Long, Amanda K. Phatak, Charudatta Materials Science Division Argonne National Laboratory Lemont IL United States Applied Physics Program Northwestern University Evanston IL United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL United States

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UMAP for Dimensionality Reduction in Sleep Stage Classification Using EEG Data

UMAP for Dimensionality Reduction in Sleep Stage Classificat...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： Yangfan Deng Hamad Albidah Haoliang Cheng Ahmed Dallal Jijun Yin Zhi-Hong Mao Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA Department of Computer Science University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA Department of Bioengineering University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA

ISBN: (数字)9798350371499

ISBN: (纸本)9798350371505

Sleep is vital for wellness, and electroencephalography (EEG) serves as an instrumental tool in the study of sleep. Sleep is classified into four stages: stages N1-N3, and rapid eye movement (REM). To acquire effective and robust EEG features for sleep detection and analysis, we explore the dimensionality reduction effects of Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) on various features of the EEG signals. Compared with traditional band power analysis, UMAP demonstrated higher accuracy for sleep stage classification and better reliability. Using UMAP, we observed an average of 11% increase in accuracy and an average of 20% increase in Macro-F1 Score on the same dataset. Particularly, in the wakefulness stage, Macro-F1 Score increased by 23%. Moreover, the 2D visual analysis revealed the outstanding ability of UMAP to cluster EEG signals after significant dimensionality reduction of the data.

关键词： Dimensionality reduction Visualization Accuracy Sleep Power system harmonics Harmonic analysis Feature extraction Electroencephalography Robustness Rapid eye movement sleep

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ADMM-SRNet: Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers Based Sparse Representation Network for One-Class Classification

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IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 2023年 32卷 2843-2856页

作者： Chiou, Chien-Yu Lee, Kuang-Ting Huang, Chun-Rong Chung, Pau-Choo National Cheng Kung University Department of Electrical Engineering Tainan 701 Taiwan National Chung Hsing University Department of Computer Science and Engineering Taichung 402 Taiwan National Cheng Kung University Cross College Elite Program and Academy of Innovative Semiconductor and Sustainable Manufacturing Tainan 701 Taiwan

One-class classification aims to learn one-class models from only in-class training samples. Because of lacking out-of-class samples during training, most conventional deep learning based methods suffer from the feature collapse problem. In contrast, contrastive learning based methods can learn features from only in-class samples but are hard to be end-to-end trained with one-class models. To address the aforementioned problems, we propose alternating direction method of multipliers based sparse representation network (ADMM-SRNet). ADMM-SRNet contains the heterogeneous contrastive feature (HCF) network and the sparse dictionary (SD) network. The HCF network learns in-class heterogeneous contrastive features by using contrastive learning with heterogeneous augmentations. Then, the SD network models the distributions of the in-class training samples by using dictionaries computed based on ADMM. By coupling the HCF network, SD network and the proposed loss functions, our method can effectively learn discriminative features and one-class models of the in-class training samples in an end-to-end trainable manner. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art methods on CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100 and ImageNet-30 datasets under one-class classification settings. Code is available at https://***/nchucvml/ADMM-SRNet. © 1992-2012 IEEE.

关键词： contrastive learning deep learning dictionary learning One-class classification sparse representation

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ENTROPY IS NOT ENOUGH FOR TEST-TIME ADAPTATION: FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF DISENTANGLED FACTORS 12

ENTROPY IS NOT ENOUGH FOR TEST-TIME ADAPTATION: FROM THE PER...

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12th International Conference on Learning Representations, ICLR 2024

作者： Lee, Jonghyun Jung, Dahuin Lee, Saehyung Park, Junsung Shin, Juhyeon Hwang, Uiwon Yoon, Sungroh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Seoul National University Korea Republic of School of Computer Science and Engineering Soongsil University Korea Republic of Interdisciplinary Program in Artificial Intelligence Seoul National University Korea Republic of Division of Digital Healthcare Yonsei University Korea Republic of AIIS ASRI INMC ISRC Seoul National University Korea Republic of

Test-time adaptation (TTA) fine-tunes pre-trained deep neural networks for unseen test data. The primary challenge of TTA is limited access to the entire test dataset during online updates, causing error accumulation. To mitigate it, TTA methods have utilized the model output's entropy as a confidence metric that aims to determine which samples have a lower likelihood of causing error. Through experimental studies, however, we observed the unreliability of entropy as a confidence metric for TTA under biased scenarios and theoretically revealed that it stems from the neglect of the influence of latent disentangled factors of data on predictions. Building upon these findings, we introduce a novel TTA method named Destroy Your Object (DeYO), which leverages a newly proposed confidence metric named Pseudo-Label Probability Difference (PLPD). PLPD quantifies the influence of the shape of an object on prediction by measuring the difference between predictions before and after applying an object-destructive transformation. DeYO consists of sample selection and sample weighting, which employ entropy and PLPD concurrently. For robust adaptation, DeYO prioritizes samples that dominantly incorporate shape information when making predictions. Our extensive experiments demonstrate the consistent superiority of DeYO over baseline methods across various scenarios, including biased and wild. Project page is publicly available at https://***/DeYO/. © 2024 12th International Conference on Learning Representations, ICLR 2024. All rights reserved.

关键词： Entropy

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Development of Buffer Zone into Living Lab-Garuda Smart City Framework: Systematic Review 10

Development of Buffer Zone into Living Lab-Garuda Smart City...

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10th International Conference on ICT for Smart Society, ICISS 2023

作者： Emmanuel, Gunadi Supangkat, Suhono Harso Gaol, Ford Lumban Ranti, Benny Bina Nusantara University Doctor of Computer Science Jakarta Indonesia Univ. Katolik Musi Charitas Fakultas Sains Dan Teknologi Palembang Indonesia School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung Indonesia Bina Nusantara University Binus Graduate Program-Doctor of Computer Science Computer Science Department Jakarta Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350339543

The phenomenon of urbanization in Indonesia is inevitable. The new residential and economic centers in suburban areas is also a problem in city development. The gradual planning and development of smart cities in a living lab require consideration of the right location for a living lab. This study wants to show that suburban areas as city buffer zones can become living laboratories for smart city development. The diversity of situations in cities and regencies across Indonesia, the potential for resources, and the problems faced are the challenges of developing a living lab-Garuda Smart City Framework. This research uses the method of reviewing the literature of research publications for the last five years (2019-2023) to obtain information on Smart City development in Indonesia. We collected selected articles from databases in Google Scholar, IEEE, and Scopus using the Publish and Perish 8. The search keywords used were garuda AND Smart city AND Framework. The findings show the potential and dynamics of buffer zones to become appropriate living laboratories. Smart city regional planning can more holistically involve neighborhoods and address urban issues. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Smart city

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A Hardware Accelerator for Quantile Estimation of Network Packet Attributes

A Hardware Accelerator for Quantile Estimation of Network Pa...

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Euromicro Symposium on Digital System Design

作者： Carolina Gallardo-Pavesi Yaime Fernandez Javier E. Soto Cecilia Hernández Miguel Figueroa Department of Electrical Engineering Department of Computer Science Universidad de Concepcion Concepción Chile Center of Biotechnology and Bioengineering (CeBiB) Advanced Center for Electrical and Electronics Engineering (AC3E)

ISBN: (数字)9798350380385

ISBN: (纸本)9798350380392

Measuring statistical properties of network traffic can improve our understanding of traffic distribution and help us detect short and long-term anomalies. However, computing the exact value of these properties requires significant storage and computation, which limits their application in high-speed networks. Hardware accelerators provide the computational power to process a large sequence of network packets with high throughput and low latency, but their performance is ultimately limited by the amount of on-chip memory available on the device. Consequently, researchers have proposed sketch-based algorithms to estimate properties of a data stream with sub linear memory and theoretical estimation error bounds. In this paper, we present a streaming algorithm and hardware accelerator for quantile estimation, which is based on the architecture of the KLL sketch. Implemented on an AMD Virtex XCU55 UltraScale+ FPGA, the accelerator operates at a clock frequency of 356 MHz, thereby achieving a minimum line rate of 182 Gbps and a maximum estimation latency of 4.33 µs. When processing a set of 10 real traffic traces of up to 123 million packets, the accelerator estimates 1000 packet-size quantiles per trace with a median error of 0.39% or less, and a maximum error of 1.3% or less across all traces.

关键词： Performance evaluation Estimation error Memory management Telecommunication traffic Logic gates Throughput System-on-chip Low latency communication Hardware acceleration Field programmable gate arrays

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Downstream Task Performance of Pre-Trained Model For Outdoor Audio Event Classification 9

Downstream Task Performance of Pre-Trained Model For Outdoor...

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9th International Conference on Signal Processing and Intelligent Systems, ICSPIS 2023

作者： Rochadiani, Theresia Herlina Heryadi, Yaya Sonata, Ilvico Lukas Suparta, Wawan Bina Nusantara University Binus Graduate Program- Computer Science Jakarta Indonesia Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya Cognitive Engineering Research Group Jakarta Indonesia Institut Teknologi Nasional Yogyakarta Department of Electrical Engineering Yogyakarta Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350369922

Our surroundings' auditory landscapes are a wealth of knowledge, providing insights into a range of outdoor pursuits. The automatic classification of these actions using audio event detection and classification (AEDC) systems has a great deal of potential applications in environmental monitoring, security, surveillance, and driverless cars. Even though AEDC has advanced significantly in indoor settings, difficulties still exist outside because of the variable and changing acoustic conditions brought on by elements like the weather, different sound sources, and ambient noise from traffic and industry. This study suggests an outdoor audio event categorization model based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs). The suggested model shows passable accuracy by utilizing adaptation to the downstream task using the ESC-50 dataset and transfer learning from a pre-trained model. The effectiveness of multi-class audio classification models in downstream tasks is analyzed in this paper, with an emphasis on the effect of an increasing number of output classes on accuracy. Three models - three, four, and five classes - with different output class configurations are used in the study, and their training and validation accuracies are assessed. Although the accuracy scores above 80% are commendable, the data show a discernible reduction in performance as the number of classes rises. Notably, the three-class model attains a validation accuracy exceeding 90%, whereas the four-class and five-class models exhibit reduced accuracies, falling below 90% and 85%, respectively. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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