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2011 14th Euromicro Conference on Digital System Design: Architectures, Methods and Tools, DSD 2011

作者： Nery, Alexandre S. Jozwiak, Lech Lindwer, Menno Cocco, Mauro Nedjah, Nadia França, Felipe M.G. LAM - Computer Architecture and Microelectronics Laboratory Systems Engineering and Computer Science Program COPPE Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Brazil Department of Electronics Engineering and Telecommunications Faculty of Engineering Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Brazil Department of Electrical Engineering - Electronic Systems Eindhoven University of Technology Netherlands Silicon Hive - Intel UMG Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9780769544946

Effective exploitation of the application-specific parallel patterns and computation operations through their direct implementation in hardware is the base for construction of high-quality application-specific (re-) configurable application specific instruction set processors (ASIPs) and hardware accelerators for modern highly-demanding applications. Although it receives a lot of attention from the researchers and practitioners, a very important problem of hardware reuse in ASIP and accelerator synthesis is clearly underestimated and does not get enough attention in the published research. This paper is an effect of an industry and academic collaborative research. It analyses the problem of hardware sharing, shows its high practical relevance, as well as a big influence of hardware sharing on the major circuit and system parameters, and its importance for the multi-objective optimization and tradeoff exploitation. It also demonstrates that the state-of-the-art synthesis tools do not sufficiently address this problem and gives several guidelines related to enhancement of the hardware reuse. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： Multiobjective optimization

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Electrochemical supercapacitor based on flexible pillar graphene nanostructures

Electrochemical supercapacitor based on flexible pillar grap...

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Device Research Conference

作者： Jian Lin Jiebin Zhong Duoduo Bao Jennifer Reiber-kyle Wei Wang Valentine Vullev Mihrimah Ozkan Cengiz S. Ozkan Department of Mechanical Engineering Department of Bioengineering University of California Riverside Riverside CA US Materials Science and Engineering Program University of California Riverside USA Department of Electrical Engineering

Here we report the fabrication of high conductive and large surface-area 3D pillar graphene nanostructures (PGN) films from assembly of vertically aligned CNT pillars on flexible copper foils and directly employed for the application in electrochemical double layer capacitance (EDLC) supercapacitor. The fabricated supercapacitor based on PGN films with excellent mechanical flexibility and electrical conductivity has high energy storage capability. The PGN films which were one-step synthesized on flexible copper foil (25 um) by CVD process exhibit high conductivity with sheet resistance as low as 1.6 ohm per square and high mechanical flexibility. The fabricated EDLC supercapacitor based on high surface-area PGN electrodes (563m 2 /g) shows high performance with high specific capacitance of 330F/g and energy density as high as 45.8Wh/kg. All of these make this 3D graphene/CNTs hybrid carbon nanostructures highly attractive material for high performance supercapacitor and other energy storage material.

关键词： Films

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Effect of Temperature Changes on the Performance of Ionic Strength Biosensors Based on Hydrogels and Pressure Sensors

Effect of Temperature Changes on the Performance of Ionic St...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society

作者： Mahender Avula Nora Busche Seung Hei Cho Prashant Tathireddy Loren W. Rieth Jules J. Magda Florian Solzbacher department of Bioengineering University of Utah department of Material Science Technical University department of Chemical Engineering University of Utah department of Electrical and Computer engineering University of Utah department of Material Science and engineering University of Utah

ISBN: (纸本)9781424441211

Stimuli responsive hydrogels show a strong ability to change in volume with changes in selected environmental properties. This tendency of these hydrogels to change in volume is captured as pressure-change in confined cavities of pressure sensors. An array of pressure sensors on a single chip may carry hydrogels sensitive to multiple, selected metabolic markers and continuously monitor multiple vital parameters simultaneously. Currently, such sensors are capable of continuously monitoring pH, ionic strength, glucose levels and temperature in the sensor environment. In this paper, we report the effect of temperature changes on the performance of ionic strength sensor. A formulation of hydrogel that renders it sensitive to changes in ionic strength was UV polymerized in situ in piezoresistive pressure sensors with different membrane sizes. The sensor sensitivity, response time and stability are investigated as a function of temperature in vitro. The effect of temperature on these sensor characteristics is discussed.

关键词： Pressure Sensor Device Component HYDROGELS Ionic Strength Sensor characteristics Temperature temperature change Volume changes Sensors

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Modification of Visible Light Emission from Silicon Nanocrystals as a Function of Size, Electronic Structure, and Surface Passivation

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MRS Online Proceedings Library 2011年第1期536卷 185-190页

作者： M. V. Wolkin J. Jorne P. M. Fauchet G. Allan C. Delerue Materials Science Program Department of Chemical Engineering University of Rochester Rochester USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Rochester Rochester USA IEMN-ISEN Lille France

The effect of surface passivation and crystallite size on the photoluminescence of porous silicon is reported. Oxygen-free porous silicon samples with medium to ultra high porosities have been prepared by using electrochemical etching followed by photoassisted stain etching. As long as the samples were hydrogen-passivated the PL could be tuned from the red (750nm) to the blue (400nm) by increasing the porosity. We show that when surface oxidation occurred, the photoluminescence was red-shifted. For sizes smaller than 2.8nm, the red shift can be as large as 1eV but for larger sizes no shift has been observed. Comparing the experimental results with theoretical calculations, we suggest that the decrease in PL energy upon exposure to oxygen is related to recombination involving an electron or an exciton trapped in Si=O double bonds. This result clarifies the recombination mechanisms in porous silicon.

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Temporal dietary patterns using kernel k-means clustering

Temporal dietary patterns using kernel k-means clustering

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13th IEEE International Symposium on Multimedia, ISM 2011

作者： Khanna, Nitin Eicher-Miller, Heather A. Boushey, Carol J. Gelfand, Saul B. Delp, Edward J. School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN United States Department of Nutrition Science Purdue University West Lafayette IN United States Epidemiology Program University of Hawaii Cancer Center Honolulu HI United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780769545899

Chronic diseases, such as heart disease, diabetes, and obesity, have been linked with diet. Nutrient intake is also associated with diet. However, much of the research completed to elucidate these associations has not incorporated the concept of time. This paper introduces the concept of temporal dietary patterns and demonstrates a novel construct of 24-hour temporal dietary patterns for energy intake, present in a sample of the adult U.S. population 20 years and older (NHANES 1999-2004 dataset). An appropriate distance metric is proposed for comparing 24-hour diet records and is used with kernel k-means clustering to identify the temporal dietary patterns. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： Diseases

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Effects of radiotherapy fractionation on breast stromal activity

Effects of radiotherapy fractionation on breast stromal acti...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： Muqeem A. Qayyum Michael F. Insana Department of Bioengineering Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL USA

We study the dynamics of tumor cell progression as growth factors and ionizing radiation (IR) combine to modify cellular microenvironments. Breast tumor growth depends on the behavior of cancer cells in their microenvironment, and both components are affected by IR fractionation parameters. TGF-β1 promotes differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, which stiffens the extracellular matrix (ECM) and promotes malignant cell phenotypes. IR generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) that damages and inactivates cells thus controlling proliferation. The effects of TGF-β1 and IR at various fraction sizes on ECM stiffness and fibroblast differenation are studied using MRC-5 fibroblasts in 3-D collagen cultures.

关键词： Fibroblasts Electronic countermeasures Tumors Cancer Three dimensional displays Ionizing radiation Fractionation

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Multiuser Hybrid Switched-Selection Diversity Systems

Multiuser Hybrid Switched-Selection Diversity Systems

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IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications

作者： Mohammad Shaqfeh Hussein Alnuweiri Mohamed-Slim Alouini Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Texas A&M University in Qatar Electrical Engineering Program King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)

ISBN: (纸本)9781457713460

A new multiuser scheduling scheme is proposed and analyzed in this paper. The proposed system combines features of conventional full-feedback selection-based diversity systems and reduced-feedback switch-based diversity systems. The new hybrid system provides flexibility in trading-off the channel information feedback overhead with the prospected multiuser diversity gains. The users are clustered into groups, and the users' groups are ordered into a sequence. Per-group feedback thresholds are used and optimized to maximize the system overall achievable rate. The proposed hybrid system applies switched diversity criterion to choose one of the groups, and a selection criterion to decide the user to be scheduled from the chosen group. Numerical results demonstrate that the system capacity increases as the number of users per group increases, but at the cost of more required feedback messages.

关键词： Multiuser scheduling Reduced feedback Hybrid switched-selection diversity

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Structural Characterization of Nc-Si/A-Sio 2 Superlattices Subjected To Thermal Treatment

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MRS Online Proceedings Library 2011年第1期536卷 141-146页

作者： G. F. Grom L. Tsybeskov K. D. Hirschman P. M. Fauchet J. P. McCaffrey H. J. Labbé D. J. Lockwood Department of Mechanical Engineering Materials Science Program USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Rochester Rochester USA Institute for Microstructural Sciences National Research Council Ottawa Canada

The morphology of nanocrystalline (nc)-Si/amorphous (a)-SiO2 superlattices (SLs) is studied using Raman spectroscopy in the acoustic and optical phonon ranges, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). It is demonstrated that high temperature annealing (up to 1100°C) and oxidation in O2/H2O ambient do not destroy the SL structure, which retains its original periodicity and nc-Si/a-SiO2 interface abruptness. It is found that oxidation at high temperatures reduces the defect density in nc-Si/a-SiO2 SLs and induces the lateral coalescence of Si nanocrystals (NCs). The size, shape, packing density, and crystallographic orientation of the Si nanocrystals are studied as a function of the oxidation time.

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High Performance High Dielectric Constant Films Deposited by Dual Spectral Source Rapid Isothermal Assisted Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD)

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MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) 2011年第1期470卷 133-133页

作者： Y. Chen R. Singh S. DeBoer R.P.S. Thakur Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Clemson University Clemson SC 29634 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Material Science and Engineering Program Clemson University Clemson SC 29634 singh@ces.clemson.edu Micron Technology Inc. Boise ID 83706

Dual spectral source assisted MOCVD is an ideal technique for the deposition of high dielectric constant materials as well as other electronic and optical materials. Tungsten halogen lamps and a deuterium lamp are used as the sources of optical and thermal energy. Ta2O5 films were deposited at 200°C for 30 minutes and annealed at 600°C for 30 minutes have shown leakage current densities as low as 10−10 A/ cm2 for gate voltage under 5V. To the best of our knowledge, these are the best results reported to date by other researchers. The high energy photons used in the in-situ cleaning and deposition process play an important role in obtaining high quality films of Ta2O5.

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Theoretical and Experimental Study of Barium Zinc-Cadmium Tantalate-based Microwave Dielectrics

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MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) 2011年第1期783卷 B4.7-B4.7页

作者： Shaojun Liu Mark Van Schilfgaarde Jian Sun Louisa Badd David Smith Novak S. Petrovixc R. Taylor N. Newman Chemical and Materials Engineering Department Science and Engineering of Materials Program Center for Solid State Science Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85287–6006 Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Queens land University Paddington Australia 4064

Single-phase Ba(Cd1/3Ta2/3)O3 ceramics have been produced using conventional powder processing methods. In our initial investigations, 2wt% ZnO powder was added to act as a sintering aid since a high-density ceramic was not formed from solid-state diffusion alone. The resulting Ba(Cd0.327Zn0.006Ta2/3)O3 material sintered at 1550° C exhibits a dielectric constant of ∼33 and loss tangent of <5×10−5 at 2 GHz. In our more recent work, we have used boron as a sintering aid to facilitate sintering at temperatures as low as 1300° C, enhance the structural quality and improve the microwave properties of Ba(Cd1/3Ta2/3)O3 dielectrics. TEM results indicate that the liquid sintering mechanism is an important factor for boron concentrations exceeding 0.5wt%, while a point defect mechanism plays the dominant role at lower boron concentrations. The presence of superstructure peaks and splitting of the (220) and (214) peaks in X-ray diffraction spectra are direct evidence for the distortion from cubic symmetry as a result of Cd and Ta ordering on the ***-initio electronic structure calculations within the local density functional approximation have been used to give insight into the unusual properties of this class of materials. In both Ba(Zn1/3Ta2/3)O3 and Ba(Cd/3Ta2/3)O3, the conduction band maximum and valence band minimum are composed of mostly weakly itinerant Ta 5d-and Zn-3d/Cd-4d levels, respectively. The covalent nature of the directional d-electron bonding in these high-Z oxides plays an important role in producing a more rigid lattice with higher melting points and enhanced phonon energies, and possibly inherently lower intrinsic microwave loss than comparable ionic materials.

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