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IEEE Potentials 2009年第6期28卷 19-24页

作者： Stroble, Jacquelyn K. Watkins, Steve Stone, Robert American Institute of Physics Discoveries Breakthroughs Inside Science Program United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Applied Optics Laboratory Missouri University of Science and Technology United States Mechanical Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Department Oregon State University United States

Biology has played a key role in influencing the development and optimization of a significant variety of sensors that provide engineers new ideas for improvements to current technology, new sensor technology, and potential sensor miniaturization. Biological systems, such as plants and insects offer significant methods of flight, imaging, sensing, adaptation to environment, and locomotion. The biological domain provides inspiration at many levels, such as cellular, organism, and species. A biological system is any biological organism, organism subsystem, or portion of an organism that is observed to exist. Abstraction of the biological system using analogical reasoning allows an engineering designer to look for a specific solution through mimicry in an approach to biology-inspired design. The analogous approach relies on the idea of figuring out the basis of overall biological system and of each part or subsystem that achieves the overall goal.

关键词： Biological systems

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Carbon nanostructures as thermal field emitters for waste heat recovery

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Diamond and Related Materials 2009年第2-3期18卷 563-566页

作者： Wong, Y.M. Kang, W.P. Davidson, J.L. Raina, S. Huang, J.H. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235 United States Interdisciplinary Program in Material Science Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 300 Taiwan

Traditional vacuum-based thermal energy conversion (VTEC) devices with "flat" metal emitters have been compromised by high working temperature mainly due to high work function and electron space charge effect. However, a VTEC system is inherently efficient due to unimpeded flow of electrons through vacuum and reduction of heat conduction by the vacuum medium. Consequently, VTEC devices are attractive in terms of space, weight and energy efficiency for waste heat recovery in a TEC system. Carbon nanostructured emitters including multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and "ridge" nanodiamond thin films have shown relatively low threshold fields for electron field emission mainly due to their nanoscaled, high aspect ratio, emitting surfaces. In this study, the field-enhancing features of carbon nanostructures were investigated as thermal-field emitters for waste heat recovery. The turn-on field of CNTs was found to decrease from ~ 1.9V/μm at room temperature to ~ 0.9V/μm at 400°C. A high emission current of ~ 26μA was achieved at relatively low field of ~ 1.5V/μm and low temperature of 400°C. The maximum efficiency of the VTEC device is estimated to be ~ 15% at 300°C with a current density of 54mA/cm2. © 2008 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Temperature

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A parallel spiking neural network simulator

A parallel spiking neural network simulator

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2009 International Conference on Field-programmable Technology, FPT'09

作者： Cheung, Kit Schultz, Simon R. Leong, Philip H. W. Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Department of Bioengineering Imperial College London United Kingdom Department of Electrical and Information Engineering University of Sydney Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9781424443772

An FPGA-based systolic architecture for the high speed simulation of spiking neural networks is presented. The design is an implementation of Izhikevich's neuron model and employs optimizations for the typical case where neuron activity is low. Since execution time required is related to the activity level, performance of the design can be improved by an order of magnitude. © 2009 IEEE.

关键词： Field programmable gate arrays (FPGA)

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Probabilistic structure from sound

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Advanced Robotics 2009年第12-13期23卷 1687-1702页

作者： Wang, Chieh-Chih Lin, Chi-Hao Hu, Jwu-Sheng Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Graduate Institute of Networking and Multimedia National Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan Intelligent Robotics Program of Industrial Technology Research Institute Department of Electrical and Control Engineering National Chiao Tung University HsinChu 310 Taiwan

Auditory perception is one of the most important functions for robotics applications. Microphone arrays are widely used for auditory perception in which the spatial structure of microphones is usually known. In practice, microphone array calibration can be tedious and other devices or means are required. The structure from sound (SFS) approach addresses the problem of simultaneously localizing a set of microphones and a set of acoustic events that provides a great flexibility to calibrate different setups of microphone arrays. However, the existing method does not take measurement uncertainty into account and does not provide uncertainty estimates of the SFS results. In this paper, we propose a probabilistic structure from sound (PSFS) approach using the unscented transform in which the uncertainties of the PSFS results are also available. In addition, a probabilistic sound source localization approach using the PSFS results is provided to improve sound source localization accuracy. The ample results of simulation and experiments using low-cost, off-the-shelf microphones demonstrate the feasibility and performance of the proposed PSFS approach. © 2009 VSP.

关键词： Microphone array

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Protocol for obtaining noise-immune absolute ellipsometric measurements with high spatial resolution

Protocol for obtaining noise-immune absolute ellipsometric m...

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Frontiers in Optics, FiO 2009

作者： Tripathi, Santosh Toussaint, Kimani C. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign IL 61820 United States Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign IL 61820 United States Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Bioengineering University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign IL 61820 United States

A protocol that utilizes Stokes parameters and inverse methods for obtaining noise immune absolute ellipsometric measurements with high spatial resolution is proposed. It is applicable for arbitrary scalar and vector ... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781557528780

关键词： Inverse problems

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Quantitative Fourier analysis of SHG images of porcine cornea

Quantitative Fourier analysis of SHG images of porcine corne...

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Frontiers in Optics, FiO 2009

作者： Rao, Raghu Ambekar Ramachandra Mehta, Monal R. Toussaint, Kimani C. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign IL 61820 United States Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign IL 61820 United States Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Bioengineering University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign IL 61820 United States

Fourier analysis is applied to cornea images obtained using second-harmonic generation microscopy. The orientation and maximum spatial frequency of collagen fibrils in selected regions of interest are determined. ... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781557528780

关键词： Fourier analysis

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Predicting cardiovascular disease from real-time electrocardiographic monitoring: An adaptive machine learning approach on a cell phone

Predicting cardiovascular disease from real-time electrocard...

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31st Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society: engineering the Future of Biomedicine, EMBC 2009

作者： Jin, Zhanpeng Sun, Yuwen Cheng, Allen C. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15261 United States Depts. of Elec. and Computer Engineering Bioengineering Neurological Surgery and Comp. Science University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15261 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781424432967

To date, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of global death. The Electrocardiogram (ECG) is the most widely adopted clinical tool that measures the electrical activities of the heart from the body surface. However, heart rhythm irregularities cannot always be detected on a standard resting ECG machine, since they may not occur during an individual's recording session. Common Holter-based portable solutions that record ECG for up to 24 to 48 hours lack the capability to provide real-time feedback. In this research, we seek to establish a cell phone-based real-time monitoring technology for CVD, capable of performing continuous on-line ECG processing, generating a personalized cardiac health summary report in layman's language, automatically detecting and classifying abnormal CVD conditions, all in real time. Specifically, we developed an adaptive artificial neural network (ANN)-based machine learning technique, combining both an individual's cardiac characteristics and information from clinical ECG databases, to train the cell phone to learn to adapt to its user's physiological conditions to achieve better ECG feature extraction and more accurate CVD classification on cell phones. ©2009 IEEE.

关键词： Electrocardiograms

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Continuous-flow deformability-based sorting of malaria-infected red blood cells

Continuous-flow deformability-based sorting of malaria-infec...

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13th International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life sciences, MicroTAS 2009

作者： Bow, Hansen Hou, Han Wei Goldfless, Stephen Abgrall, Patrick Tan, Kevin Niles, Jacquin Lim, Chwee Teck Han, Jongyoon Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science MIT United States Department of Biological Engineering MIT United States Singapore Singapore Department of Microbiology National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore Division of Bioengineering National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)9780979806421

Change in cell stiffness is a characteristic of several blood cell diseases, such as sickle cell anemia1, malaria2, and leukemia3. In humans, the spleen acts like a filter to remove these more rigid cells by pushing blood through slits between endothelial cells and removing cells that cannot pass. In this work, we create a microfluidic device that mimics the architecture of the spleen to achieve continuous-flow fractionation of cells based on their rigidity. We demonstrate successful operation of this device by separating malaria-infected from normal, uninfected red blood cells (RBCs). Applications include disease diagnosis and sample preparation for downstream analysis. © 2009 CBMS.

关键词： Endothelial cells

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Effect of nitrogen concentration on nanodiamond film characteristics for electrode application

Effect of nitrogen concentration on nanodiamond film charact...

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作者： Raina, Supil LeQuan, X.C. Kang, W.P. Davidson, J.L. Interdisciplinary Program in Materials Science Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235 United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781607681137

Microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition was used to fabricate nanodiamond films. Nitrogen incorporation was achieved by the introduction of N2 gas along with H2 and CH4 gases in the plasma. SEM studies revealed a change in the microstructure with increase in the N2 flow rate, transitioning from a 'ridge'-like surface morphology to a more 'cauliflower'-like structure. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis showed a general decrease in the sp3 hybridized carbon content while the sp hybridized carbon content increased with N2 flow rate (up to 28.7%) after which it declines. Deconvolution of the C1s XPS spectra indicates incorporation of nitrogen and existence of carbon-nitrogen bonding. Raman spectroscopy shows diamond peak at 1332 cm-1 and the graphite peak, which increases in intensity and shifts towards lower wave number with increase in the N2 flow rate. A diffuse band at 1140 cm -1 indicates presence of a nanocrystalline phase in the films. ©The Electrochemical Society.

关键词： Nitrogen

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Enhancements to a retention program for women engineering technology students by the addition of a social support network and community building activities

Enhancements to a retention program for women engineering te...

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2009 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition

作者： Dell, Elizabeth Christman, Jeanne Wolcott, Teresa Valentine, Maureen Department of Manufacturing and Mechanical Engineering Technology Rochester Institute of Technology United States Department of Electrical Computer and Telecommunications Engineering Technology Rochester Institute of Technology United States Department of Computer Engineering Technology Program WIT in the Civil Engineering Technology program RIT South Africa College of Applied Science and Technology Rochester Institute of Technology United States

This paper describes a low-cost, successful program to help retain female engineering Technology students with the ultimate goal of increasing the number of female graduates of our engineering Technology programs. This program was started in 2003. The programming initially focused on academic support in the form of tutoring, formation of study groups and reimbursement for academic laboratory kits. This program did improve retention, but a survey of our students found that they also desired social support and opportunities to serve the community. Since the addition of programming involving social support and community building, retention of women students in the engineering Technology programs has improved by an average of 6% per year. In addition to improved retention, the number of students receiving a D, F or Withdrawing from the core first- and second-year courses in these programs has dropped by over 75%. © American Society for engineering Education, 2009.

关键词： Students

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