DNA microarrays provide such a huge amount of data that unsupervised methods are required to reduce the dimension of the data set and to extract meaningful biological information. This work shows that Independent Comp...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783540737490
DNA microarrays provide such a huge amount of data that unsupervised methods are required to reduce the dimension of the data set and to extract meaningful biological information. This work shows that Independent Component Analysis (ICA) is a promising approach for the analysis of genome-wide transcriptomic data. The paper first presents an overview of the most popular algorithms to perform ICA. These algorithms are then applied on a microarray breast-cancer data set. Some issues about the application of ICA and the evaluation of biological relevance of the results are discussed. This study indicates that ICA significantly outperforms Principal Component Analysis (PCA).
In this paper, we present a method for the label-free detection of PCR products using impedance spectroscopy. Instead of using conventional optical detection instruments, our method provides a direct detection of ampl...
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Computational acceleration on graphics processing units (GPUs) can make advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reconstruction algorithms attractive in clinical settings, thereby improving the quality of MR images a...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781605580777
Computational acceleration on graphics processing units (GPUs) can make advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reconstruction algorithms attractive in clinical settings, thereby improving the quality of MR images across a broad spectrum of applications. At present, MR imaging is often limited by high noise levels, significant imaging artifacts, and/or long data acquisition (scan) times. Advanced image reconstruction algorithms can mitigate these limitations and improve image quality by simultaneously operating on scan data acquired with arbitrary trajectories and incorporating additional information such as anatomical constraints. However, the improvements in image quality come at the expense of a considerable increase in computation. This paper describes the acceleration of an advanced reconstruction algorithm on NVIDIA's Quadro FX 5600. Optimizations such as register allocating the voxel data, tiling the scan data, and storing the scan data in the Quadro's constant memory dramatically reduce the reconstruction's required bandwidth to off-chip memory. The Quadro's special functional units provide substantial acceleration of the trigonometric computations in the algorithm's inner loops, and experimentally-tuned code transformations increase the reconstruction's performance by an additional 20%. The reconstruction of a 3D image with 1283 voxels ultimately achieves 150 GFLOPS and requires less than two minutes on the Quadro, while reconstruction on a quadcore CPU is thirteen times slower. Furthermore, relative to the true image, the error exhibited by the advanced reconstruction is only 12%, while conventional reconstruction techniques incur error of 42%. In short, the acceleration afforded by the GPU greatly increases the appeal of the advanced reconstruction for clinical MRI applications. Copyright 2008 ACM.
The third international conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI-2008) was held in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, March 12-15, 2008. The theme of HRI-2008, "living with robots," highlights the importance of t...
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The effects of gate length and drain bias on the off-state drain leakage current of irradiated fully-depleted SOI $n$-channel MOSFETs are reported. The experimental results are interpreted using a model based on the c...
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Voltage spikes are ubiquitous in biological nervous systems. How spikes can be used to encode signals, facilitate communication, and implement important computations is an important question of contemporary neuroscien...
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Voltage spikes are ubiquitous in biological nervous systems. How spikes can be used to encode signals, facilitate communication, and implement important computations is an important question of contemporary neuroscience. Acoustic processing tasks provide a rich range of applications for this encoding scheme. As a summary of the Ph.D. research of the first author, we present two analog VLSI spike-based example systems that process acoustic information using spikes: a model of the neural signal processing involved in bat echolocation, and a low-power, time-domain acoustic periodicity detector.
Motion during diffusion encodings leads to phase errors in different shots of a multishot acquisition. Phase differences in k-space data among shots result in phase cancellation artifacts in the reconstructed image. D...
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Motion during diffusion encodings leads to phase errors in different shots of a multishot acquisition. Phase differences in k-space data among shots result in phase cancellation artifacts in the reconstructed image. Due to aliasing of the phase from under-sampled regions of the shot, correction of the phase error using direct low-resolution phase subtraction is incomplete. We introduce a new k-space and image-space combination (KICT) method for motion artifacts cancellation that avoids incomplete phase error correction. Further, the method preserves the phase of the object, which is important for parallel imaging applications.
This paper presents an experimental platform for measuring the mechanical properties of live biological cells. The polymer-based MEMS device integrates a V-shaped electrothermal actuator (ETA) array, a force sensor, a...
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Nanoscale porous silicon waveguides, both on silicon substrates and free-standing membranes, are explored for biosensing applications. Measured detection limits in the nanomolar range are reported for DNA sensing. ...
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To support our ongoing work in modeling bat echolocation, an artificial bat head was designed and fabricated using a 3D printer, an ultrasonic cochlea-like filter bank with 16 channels was designed with moderate quali...
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To support our ongoing work in modeling bat echolocation, an artificial bat head was designed and fabricated using a 3D printer, an ultrasonic cochlea-like filter bank with 16 channels was designed with moderate quality (Q) factor, and 128 spiking neurons convert these signals to spike trains. A two-dimensional address-event arbiter is used to transmit these spikes off of the chip. We demonstrate that the population of spiking neurons can be decoded to estimate azimuth and elevation of ultrasonic chirps. This chip was fabricated in a commercially-available 0.5(mu)m CMOS process and consumes approximately 36(mu)W.
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