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IEEE Workshop on High Performance Switching and Routing

作者： Hui Yu Jing Chen Jianping Wang S. Q. Zheng Mehrdad Nourani Computer Engineering Program University of Texas Dallas Richardson TX USA Telecommunications Engineering Program University of Texas Dallas Richardson TX USA Department of Computer Science City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China Department of Computer Science University of Texas Dallas Richardson TX USA Department of Electrical Engineering University of Texas Dallas Richardson TX USA

IP lookup is a key task in packet processing to guarantee the high performance of the IP routers. It has been proposed to use TCAMs to implement IP-lookup accelerators for IP forwarding. In the paper, a new TCAM-based IP-lookup scheme MSMB-LPT is proposed and studied. It is shown that MSMB-LPT scheme significantly improve the performance of the state-of-art MSMB-PT scheme in terms of speedup and power consumption by simulations. These performance improvements are achieved with reduced cost.

关键词： Energy consumption Costs Routing Design engineering computer science Internet Traffic control Search engines Telecommunication computing Throughput

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Material analysis and characterization of cesium iodide (CsI) coated C fibers for field emission applications

Material analysis and characterization of cesium iodide (CsI...

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IEEE International Conference on Plasma science (ICOPS)

作者： Vasilios Vlahos Dane Morgan John H. Booske Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program Madison WI USA University of Wisconsin Madison Madison WI US Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Wisconsin Madison Madison WI USA

Field emission cathodes consisting of cesium iodide (CsI) coated graphite fibers have been investigated as promising electron sources for high power microwave (HPM) devices. After conditioning for removing adsorbed water vapor, these cathodes have operated stably for more than one million pulses and release little or no plasma. One of the most useful properties of the Csl coatings appears to be a significant reduction in turn-on electric fields compared to un-coated graphite fiber cathodes. Computational investigations of the modification of the electronic properties of a C surface upon adsorption of both isolated and crystalline thin layers of Csl have been performed, indicating that these adsorbed layers are capable of significantly improving the emission properties of the C fibers by forming surface dipole layers . These layers are predicted to alter the electrostatic potential barrier for electron emission of the surface and lower the overall work function of the system from ~4.5 eV (pure graphite) down to ~1.2 - 1.4 eV. In order to further correlate the microscopic properties of the material system with the computational results obtained and the macroscopic performance characteristics of these cathodes, a series of materials characterizations are being carried out on the cathodes. These studies will facilitate the determination of both bulk and surface elemental composition of the cathodes, provide the value of the surface work function, determine the micro-morphological characteristics of the cathode's surface as well as the micro-structural characteristics of the bulk, and identify the role of any interface regions on the emission properties of the cathode. A more complete understanding of the mechanism(s) responsible for the superior emission characteristics of Csl coated C fibers and the nano-physics of the system will be obtained.

关键词： Cathodes Surface morphology Materials Optical fiber devices Plasmas Coatings Surface treatment

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Using a literature-based NMF model for discovering gene functional relationships

Using a literature-based NMF model for discovering gene func...

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IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine Workshops (BIBMW)

作者： Elina Tjioe Michael Berry Ramin Homayouni Genome Science and Technology Graduate School University of Tennessee Knoxville TN USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Tennessee Knoxville TN USA Bioinformatics Program Department of Biology University of Memphis Memphis TN USA

The rapid growth of the biomedical literature and genomic information presents a major challenge for determining the functional relationships among genes. In this study, we develop a Web-based bioinformatics software environment called FAUN or feature annotation using nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) to facilitate both the discovery and classification of functional relationships among genes. Both the computational complexity and parameterization of NMF for processing gene sets are discussed. We tested FAUN on three manually constructed gene document collections, and then used it to analyze several microarray-derived gene sets obtained from studies of the developing cerebellum in normal and mutant mice. FAUN provides utilities for collaborative knowledge discovery and identification of new gene relationships from text streams and repositories (e.g., MEDLINE). It is particularly useful for the validation and analysis of gene associations suggested by microarray experimentation.

关键词： Bioinformatics Genomics Data mining Matrix decomposition Large scale integration Feature extraction Iterative methods Biological system modeling computer science Computational biology

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Editorial Nanosensors for Defense and Security

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IEEE Sensors Journal 2008年第6期8卷 641-646页

作者： Dwight Woolard Robert Trew Dennis Polla Michael Stroscio Usha Varshney Janet Jensen James O. Jensen Paolo O. Lugli Masakazu Aono U.S. Army Research Office Research Triangle Park NC USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering North Carolina State University Raleigh NC USA Microsystems Technology Office Arlington VA USA Department of Bioengineering and Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL USA National Science Foundation Division of Electrical Communications and Cyber Systems Arlington VA USA U.S. Army ECBC Technical University of Munich Institute of Nanoelectronics Munich Germany National Institute for Materials Science Nanomaterials Laboratories Tsukuba Japan

The 59 articles in this special issue focus on nanosensors for defense and security.

关键词： Special issues and sections Nanoscale devices Chemical and biological sensors National security Magnetic sensors Biosensors

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Elliptical Local Vessel Density: a Fast and Robust Quality Metric for Retinal Images

Elliptical Local Vessel Density: a Fast and Robust Quality M...

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30th Annual International Conference of the IEEE-engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society

作者： Giancardo, L. Abramoff, M. D. Chaum, E. Karnowski, T. P. Meriaudeau, F. Tobin, K. W., Jr. European VIBOT program United States Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics Iowa City IA 52242 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Iowa Iowa City IA 55242 United States Retubak Duseases with the University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis TN 38163 930 Madison Avenue United States Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37831 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781424418145

A great effort of the research community is geared towards the creation of an automatic screening system able to promptly detect diabetic retinopathy with the use of fundus cameras. In addition, there are some documented approaches for automatically judging the image quality. We propose a new set of features independent of field of view or resolution to describe the morphology of the patient's vessels. Our initial results suggest that these features can be used to estimate the image quality in a time one order of magnitude shorter than previous techniques.

关键词： Image quality

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Moisture Absorption Phenomena in Green Composite Printed Circuit Board Prototypes

Moisture Absorption Phenomena in Green Composite Printed Cir...

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Pulsed Power Conference, 2005 IEEE;San Francisco,CA,USA

作者： John D. Lincoln Andrew A. Shapiro Jean-Daniel M. Saphores Oladele A. Ogunseitan Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of California Irvine CA USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of California Irvine CA USA Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering Economics and Planning Policy and Design University of California Irvine CA USA Public Health Program College of Health Sciences and the Program in Industrial Ecology Department of Environmental Health Science and Policy University of California Irvine CA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781424422722

This research developed the moisture-resistance of printed circuit board (PCB) laminate prototypes based on the non-toxic composite materials made from epoxidized linseed oil, melamine polyphosphate, and flax fibers. One of the key issues associated with using renewable base materials in composites is their sensitivity to moisture. A characterization of the properties of the 'green' printed circuit boards developed in the present study showed that moisture absorption for untreated fiber laminates (4.87% vs. established limit <0.8% for FR4 boards over a 24 hour submersion period) compromised electrical resistance and decreased dielectric breakdown to an unacceptable level. A theoretical model was used to target methods for reducing moisture absorption. Based on this model, we found that reductions in fiber diffusivity and fiber volume fraction substantially reduce composite diffusivity. Through the use of chemical treatment, moisture absorption over a 24 hour time period was reduced from 4.87% to 1.15%, which improved electrical properties. At the end of this study, 15 of 18 PCB property requirements were met, while 3 moisture-critical property targets were narrowly missed.

关键词： Printed Circuit Board Design for Environment Green Composite Moisture Absorption Natural Fiber

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Monolithic integration of a p-n junction and porous silicon host matrix for next generation photovoltaics

Monolithic integration of a p-n junction and porous silicon ...

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2008 33rd IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference

作者： J.P. Clarkson G. See B. Veeramachaneni L.L. Gadeken K.D. Hirschman P.M. Fauchet BetaBatt Inc. Houston TX USA Microelectronic Engineering Department Rochester Institute of Technology Rochester NY USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Rochester Rochester NY USA Materials Science Program University of Rochester Rochester NY USA

We report on a novel three-dimensional Si p-n junction that is capable of performing photovoltaic energy conversion. Vertically aligned pores with a very high aspect ratio of ≫ 100 were formed into a p-type Si substrate through an electrochemical etching process. A conformal p-n junction was then created in the etched porous silicon region by introducing phosphorous dopants through proximity rapid thermal diffusion. Al electrodes were subsequently evaporated on the front and back sides of the diode to establish electrical contact to the n-type and p-type regions respectively. Typical device structures resulted in highly three-dimensional diodes with pores extending up to 100 μm deep into the bulk Si. Porous films this thick correspond to an effective internal surface area of ∼ 5150 cm 2 /cm 3 . This ultimately makes the device applicable to both inorganic and organic next generation photovoltaics where it is desirable to maximize the amount of interfacing surface to a given photoactive compound. Dark box and illuminated I–V measurements of the device demonstrated successful monolithic integration of a p-n diode and a high internal surface area host matrix.

关键词： Monolithic integrated circuits P-n junctions Silicon Photovoltaic cells Diodes Etching Energy conversion Rapid thermal processing Electrodes Contacts

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System-wide peripheral biomarker discovery using information theory

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13th Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing, PSB 2008

作者： Alterovitz, Gil Xiang, Michael Liu, Jonathan Chang, Amelia Ramoni, Marco F. Division of Health Sciences and Technology Harvard University Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA United States Childrens Hospital Informatics Program Boston MA 02115 United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Cambridge MA 02139 United States Harvard Partners Center for Genetics and Genomics Harvard Medical School Boston 02115 United States Department of Biology Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9812776087

The identification of reliable peripheral biomarkers for clinical diagnosis, patient prognosis, and biological functional studies would allow for access to biological information currently available only through invasive methods. Traditional approaches have so far considered aspects of tissues and biofluid markers independently. Here we introduce an information theoretic framework for biomarker discovery, integrating biofluid and tissue information. This allows us to identify tissue information in peripheral biofluids. We treat tissue-biofluid interactions as an information channel through functional space using 26 proteomes from 45 different sources to determine quantitatively the correspondence of each biofluid for specific tissues via relative entropy calculation of proteomes mapped onto phenotype, function, and drug space. Next, we identify candidate biofluids and biomarkers responsible for functional information transfer (p

关键词： Tissue

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Parallel self-organizing maps with application in clustering distributed data

Parallel self-organizing maps with application in clustering...

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International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)

作者： Flavius L. Gorgonio Jose Alfredo F. Costa Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Postgraduate Program Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte Natal Rio Grande do Norte Brazil Adaptive Systems Laboratory Electrical Engineering Department Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte Natal Rio Grande do Norte Brazil

Clustering is the process of discovering groups within multidimensional data, based on similarities, with a minimal, if any, knowledge of their structure. Distributed data clustering is a recent approach to deal with geographically distributed databases, since traditional clustering methods require centering all databases in a single dataset. Moreover, current privacy requirements in distributed databases demand algorithms with the ability to process clustering securely. Among the unsupervised neural network models, the self-organizing map (SOM) plays a major role. SOM features include information compression while trying to preserve the topological and metric relationship of the primary data space. This paper presents a strategy for efficient cluster analysis in geographically distributed databases using SOM networks. Local datasets relative to database vertical partitions are applied to distinct maps in order to obtain partial views of the existing clusters. Units of each local map are chosen to represent original data and are sent to a central site, which performs a fusion of the partial results. Experimental results are presented for different datasets.

关键词： Distributed databases Artificial neural networks Joints Conferences Iris Clustering methods Clustering algorithms

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Nanoscale porous silicon waveguides for biosensing applications

Nanoscale porous silicon waveguides for biosensing applicati...

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IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC)

作者： G. Rong X. Wei C. Kang M. Liscidini J. E. Sipe R. L. Mernaugh S. M. Weiss Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vanderbilt University Nashville TN USA Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Materials Science Vanderbilt University Nashville TN USA Department of Physics and Institute for Optical Sciences University of Toronto Toronto ONT Canada Department of Biochemistry Vanderbilt University Nashville TN USA

Nanoscale porous silicon waveguides, both on silicon substrates and free-standing membranes, are explored for biosensing applications. Measured detection limits in the nanomolar range are reported for DNA sensing.

关键词： Silicon Biosensors Optical waveguides Gratings Biomembranes Resonance DNA Biological materials Optical materials Optical surface waves

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