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arXiv 2024年

作者： Van Milligen, Emily A. Gagatsos, Christos N. Kaur, Eneet Towsley, Don Guha, Saikat Department of Physics The University of Arizona 1630 East University Boulevard TucsonAZ85721 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Arizona 1630 East University Boulevard TucsonAZ85721 United States Wyant College of Optical Sciences The University of Arizona 1630 East University Boulevard TucsonAZ85721 United States Program in Applied Mathematics The University of Arizona TucsonAZ85721 United States Cisco Quantum Lab Los Angeles United States College of Computer Science University of Massachusetts AmherstMA United States

One of the most promising applications of quantum networks is entanglement assisted sensing. The field of quantum metrology exploits quantum correlations to improve the precision bound for applications such as precision timekeeping, field sensing, and biological imaging. When measuring multiple spatially distributed parameters, current literature focuses on quantum entanglement in the discrete variable case—and quantum squeezing in the continuous variable case distributed amongst all of the sensors in a given network. However, it can be difficult to ensure all sensors pre-share entanglement of sufficiently high fidelity. This work probes the space between fully entangled and fully classical sensing networks by modeling a star network with probabilistic entanglement generation that is attempting to estimate the average of local parameters. The quantum Fisher information is used to determine which protocols best utilize entanglement as a resource for different network conditions. It is shown that without entanglement distillation there is a threshold fidelity below which classical sensing is preferable. For a network with a given number of sensors and links characterized by a certain initial fidelity and probability of success, this work outlines when and how to use entanglement, when to store it, and when it needs to be distilled. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Quantum entanglement

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Human impedance modulation to improve visuo-haptic perception

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PLoS Computational Biology 2025年第5 MAY期21卷 e1013042页

作者： Cheng, Xiaoxiao Shen, Shixian Ivanova, Ekaterina Carboni, Gerolamo Takagi, Atsushi Burdet, Etienne Department of Bioengineering Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine London United Kingdom Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of Manchester Manchester United Kingdom School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science Queen Mary University of London London United Kingdom NTT Communication Science Laboratories NTT R&D Kanagawa Japan

Humans activate muscles to shape the mechanical interaction with their environment, but can they harness this control mechanism to best sense the environment? We investigated how participants adapt their muscle activation to visual and haptic information when tracking a randomly moving target with a robotic interface. The results exhibit a differentiated effect of these sensory modalities, where participants’ muscle coactivation increases with the haptic noise and decreases with the visual noise, in apparent contradiction to previous results. These results can be explained when considering muscle spring-like mechanics, where stiffness increases with coactivation to regulate motion guidance. Increasing coactivation to more closely follow the motion plan favors accurate visual over haptic information, while decreasing it filters visual noise and relies more on accurate haptic information. We formulated this active sensing mechanism as the optimization of visuo-haptic information and effort. This optimal information and effort (OIE) model can explain the adaptation of muscle activity to unimodal and multimodal sensory information when interacting with fixed or dynamic environments, or with another human, and can be used to optimize human-robot interaction. © 2025 Cheng et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

关键词： Human robot interaction

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Model-centric volumetric point cloud attributes

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： de Queiroz, Ricardo L. Dorea, Camilo Freitas, Davi R. Krivokuća, Maja Sandri, Gustavo P. Computer Science Department Universidade de Brasilia Brasilia Brazil Post-Graduate Program at the Electrical Engineering Science Department Universidade de Brasilia Brasilia Brazil INRIA Rennes France Federal Institute of Brasilia Brasilia Brazil

Point clouds have recently gained interest, especially for real-time applications and for 3D-scanned material, such as is used in autonomous driving, architecture, and engineering, to model real estate for renovation or display. Point clouds are associated with geometry information and attributes such as color. Be the color unique or direction-dependent (in the case of plenoptic point clouds), it reflects the colors observed by cameras displaced around the object. Hence, not only are the viewing references assumed, but the illumination spectrum and illumination geometry is also implicit. We propose a model-centric description of the 3D object, that is independent of the illumination and of the position of the cameras. We want to be able to describe the objects themselves such that, at a later stage, the rendering of the model may decide where to place illumination, from which it may calculate the image viewed by a given camera. We want to be able to describe transparent or translucid objects, mirrors, fishbowls, fog and smoke. Volumetric clouds may allow us to describe the air, however "empty", and introduce air particles, in a manner independent of the viewer position. For that, we rely on some eletromagnetic properties to arrive at seven attributes per voxel that would describe the material and its color or transparency. Three attributes are for the transmissivity of each color, three are for the attenuation of each color, and another attribute is for diffuseness. These attributes give information about the object to the renderer, with whom lies the decision on how to render and depict each object. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Color

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An Empirical Study of Security Practices for Microservices Systems

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Ali, Rezaei Nasab Mojtaba, Shahin Ali, Hoseyni Raviz Seyed Peng, Liang Amir, Mashmool Valentina, Lenarduzzi School of Computer Science Wuhan University Wuhan430072 China School of Computing Technologies RMIT University Melbourne3000 Australia Department of Computer Science Bioengineering Robotics and System Engineering University of Genoa Genoa16126 Italy Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering University of Oulu OuluFI-90014 Finland

Despite the numerous benefits of microservices systems, security has been a critical issue in such systems. Several factors explain this difficulty, including a knowledge gap among microservices practitioners on properly securing a microservices system. To (partially) bridge this gap, we conducted an empirical study. We first manually analyzed 861 microservices security points, including 567 issues, 9 documents, and 3 wiki pages from 10 GitHub open-source microservices systems and 306 Stack Overflow posts concerning security in microservices systems. In this study, a microservices security point is referred to as "a GitHub issue, a Stack Overflow post, a document, or a wiki page that entails 5 or more microservices security paragraphs". Our analysis led to a catalog of 28 microservices security practices. We then ran a survey with 74 microservices practitioners to evaluate the usefulness of these 28 practices. Our findings demonstrate that the survey respondents affirmed the usefulness of the 28 practices. We believe that the catalog of microservices security practices can serve as a valuable resource for microservices practitioners to more effectively address security issues in microservices systems. It can also inform the research community of the required or less explored areas to develop microservices-specific security practices and tools. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Open systems

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Data and Physics driven Deep Learning Models for Fast MRI Reconstruction: Fundamentals and Methodologies

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Huang, Jiahao Wu, Yinzhe Wang, Fanwen Fang, Yingying Nan, Yang Alkan, Cagan Abraham, Daniel Liao, Congyu Xu, Lei Gao, Zhifan Wu, Weiwen Zhu, Lei Chen, Zhaolin Lally, Peter Bangerter, Neal Setsompop, Kawin Guo, Yike Rueckert, Daniel Wang, Ge Yang, Guang Department of Bioengineering Faculty of Engineering Imperial College London Exhibition Road LondonSW7 2AZ United Kingdom Imperial-X and School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences King's College London United Kingdom Department of Electrical Engineering Stanford University CA94305 United States Department of Radiology Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University 2nd Anzhen Road Chaoyang District Beijing100029 China School of Biomedical Engineering Sun Yat-sen University Guangdong Guangzhou510006 China Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hongkong Hong Kong Department of Data Science and AI Faculty of Information Technology Monash University Wellington Rd ClaytonVIC3800 Australia Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Boise State University ID83725 United States Department of Radiology Stanford University CA94305 United States Department of Computing Imperial College London South Kensington Campus LondonSW7 2AZ United Kingdom Technical University of Munich Munich80333 Germany New York United States

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a pivotal clinical diagnostic tool, yet its extended scanning times often compromise patient comfort and image quality, especially in volumetric, temporal and quantitative scans. This review elucidates recent advances in MRI acceleration via data and physics-driven models, leveraging techniques from algorithm unrolling models, enhancement-based methods, and plug-and-play models to the emerging full spectrum of generative model-based methods. We also explore the synergistic integration of data models with physics-based insights, encompassing the advancements in multi-coil hardware accelerations like parallel imaging and simultaneous multi-slice imaging, and the optimization of sampling patterns. We then focus on domain-specific challenges and opportunities, including image redundancy exploitation, image integrity, evaluation metrics, data heterogeneity, and model generalization. This work also discusses potential solutions and future research directions, with an emphasis on the role of data harmonization and federated learning for further improving the general applicability and performance of these methods in MRI reconstruction. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Magnetic resonance imaging

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Spatiotemporal Image Reconstruction to Enable High-Frame Rate Dynamic Photoacoustic Tomography with Rotating-Gantry Volumetric Imagers

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Cam, Refik Mert Wang, Chao Thompson, Weylan Ermilov, Sergey A. Anastasio, Mark A. Villa, Umberto University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering 306 North Wright Street UrbanaIL61801 United States Department of Statistics and Data Science National University of Singapore Singapore PhotoSound Technologies Inc. HoustonTX77036 United States University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Department of Bioengineering 1406 West Green Street UrbanaIL61801 United States The University of Texas at Austin Oden Institute for Computational Engineering & Sciences 201 East 24th Street AustinTX78712 United States

Significance: Dynamic photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT) is a valuable imaging technique for monitoring physiological processes. However, current dynamic PACT imaging techniques are often limited to two-dimensional (2D) spatial imaging. While volumetric PACT imagers are commercially available, these systems typically employ a rotating measurement gantry in which the tomographic data are sequentially acquired, as opposed to being acquired simultaneously at all views. Because the dynamic object varies during the data-acquisition process, the sequential data-acquisition process poses substantial challenges to image reconstruction associated with data incompleteness. The proposed image reconstruction method is highly significant in that it will address these challenges and enable volumetric dynamic PACT imaging with existing preclinical imagers. Aim: The aim of this study is to develop a spatiotemporal image reconstruction method for dynamic PACT that can be applied to commercially available volumetric PACT imagers that employ a sequential scanning strategy. The proposed reconstruction method aims to overcome the challenges caused by the limited number of tomographic measurements acquired per frame. Approach: A low-rank matrix estimation-based spatiotemporal image reconstruction method (LRME-STIR) is proposed to enable dynamic volumetric PACT. The LRME-STIR method leverages the spatiotemporal redundancies in the dynamic object to accurately reconstruct a four-dimensional (4D) spatiotemporal image. Results: The conducted numerical studies substantiate the LRME-STIR method’s efficacy in reconstructing 4D dynamic images from tomographic measurements acquired with a rotating measurement gantry. The experimental study demonstrates the method’s ability to faithfully recover the flow of a contrast agent at a frame rate of 0.1 seconds, even when only a single tomographic measurement per frame is available. Conclusions: The proposed LRME-STIR method offers a promising solu

关键词： Image reconstruction

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Beta-Band Cortico-Muscular Phase Coherence in Hemiparetic Stroke

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Parmar, Nishaal Sirpal, Parikshat Sikora, William A. Dewald, Julius P.A. Refai, Hazem H. Yang, Yuan University of Oklahoma School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Gallogly College of Engineering NormanOK United States University of Oklahoma Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering NormanOK United States Northwestern University Departments of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences ChicagoIL United States Northwestern University Departments of Biomedical Engineering EvanstonIL United States University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Department of Bioengineering Grainger College of Engineering UrbanaIL United States Carle Foundation Hospital Stephenson Family Clinical Research Institute Clinical Imaging Research Center UrbanaIL United States University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology UrbanaIL United States

During post-stroke recovery, the brain undergoes reorganization, compensating for loss of ipsilesional corticospinal and corticobulbar pathways, resulting in increased contralesional cortical activity during paretic arm movement tasks. Better understanding underlying mechanisms may improve post-stroke motor rehabilitation, with the study objective being to provide insight into poststroke contralesional cortical adaptation. This proof-of-concept study involves eight healthy controls and ten post-stroke participants. Electroencephalographic (EEG) and deltoid electromyographic (EMG) data were collected during an upper-limb exertion task. Phase coupling between beta-band motor cortex EEG and deltoid EMG was assessed using the Multi-Phase Locking Value (M-PLV) method. The nerve conduction delay from the contralateral motor cortex to the deltoid muscle of the paretic arm was estimated from EEG/EMG phase coherence. Our results show the ipsilateral (contralesional) motor cortex beta-band phase coherence behavior is altered in stroke participants. These show a significant difference in ipsilateral EEG-EMG coherence values, ipsilateral time course percentage above the significance threshold, and ipsilateral time course area above the significance threshold, in comparison to controls. M-PLV phase coherence analysis provides evidence for poststroke contralesional motor adaptation, highlighting its increased role in the paretic shoulder abduction task. Nerve conduction delay between the motor cortexes and deltoid muscle is significantly higher in stroke participants. Beta-band M-PLV phase coherence analysis shows greater phase-coherence distribution convergence between the ipsilateral and contralateral motor cortices in stroke participants, which we conclude may be interpreted as evidence of maladaptive neural adaptation resulting from a greater reliance on the contralesional motor cortex. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Electroencephalography

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Characterization of Fluorinated Polyimide Films

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MRS Online Proceedings Library 2020年第1期264卷 263-268页

作者： Pradnya V. Nagarkar Jiong Ping Lu David Volfson Klavs F. Jensen Stephen D. Senturia Electronics Packaging Program and Department of Materials Science & Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Electronics Packaging Program and Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Electronics Packaging Program and Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) have been used to characterize the polyimide film based on 4,4′ hexafluoro-isopropylidene -bis pthalic anhydride (HFDA) and 4,4′ -bis (4-aminophenoxy) biphenyl (APBP). Films of varying thicknesses made from diluted precursors were studied by IR and XPS. An elemental analysis and a tentative peak assignment for C 1s in XPS is presented. The HFDA-APBP thick films are stoichiometric in composition and binding energies are in good agreement with data on hexafluorodianhydride-oxydianiline (HFDA-ODA). For thinner films, certain chemical modifications were observed at high cure temperatures.

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Low Temperature Spin Seebeck Effect in Non-Magnetic Vanadium Dioxide

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Luo, Renjie Legvold, Tanner J. Chen, Liyang Navarro, Henry Basaran, Ali C. Hong, Deshun Liu, Changjiang Bhattacharya, Anand Schuller, Ivan K. Natelson, Douglas Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Applied Physics Graduate Program Rice Quantum Institute Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Physics Center for Advanced Nanoscience University of California La Jolla San DiegoCA92093 United States Materials Science Division Argonne National Laboratory LemontIL60439 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States

The spin Seebeck effect (SSE) is sensitive to thermally driven magnetic excitations in magnetic insulators. Vanadium dioxide in its insulating low temperature phase is expected to lack magnetic degrees of freedom, as vanadium atoms are thought to form singlets upon dimerization of the vanadium chains. Instead, we find a paramagnetic SSE response in VO2 films that grows as the temperature decreases below 50 K. The field and temperature dependent SSE voltage is qualitatively consistent with a general model of paramagnetic SSE response and inconsistent with triplet spin transport. Quantitative estimates find a spin Seebeck coefficient comparable in magnitude to that observed in strongly magnetic materials. The microscopic nature of the magnetic excitations in VO2 requires further examination. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Paramagnetism

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Development of Low-Temperature Doping Process in Cdse-Nanocrystal Thin Films for Flexible Electronic and Optoelectronic Devices

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Lee, Yong Min Jung, Byung Ku Ahn, Junhyuk Park, Taesung Shin, Chanho Ng, Tse Nga Kim, In Soo Choi, Ji-Hyuk Oh, Soong Ju Department of Semiconductor Systems Engineering Korea University Seoul02841 Korea Republic of Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea University Seoul02841 Korea Republic of Materials Science Engineering Program Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California San Diego La Jolla CA92093 United States Nanophotonics Research Center Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul02792 Korea Republic of Department of Converging Science and Technology KHU KIST Seoul02447 Korea Republic of Resources Utilization Research Center Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources Daejeon34132 Korea Republic of

We introduce an effective surface-doping strategy for CdSe nanocrystals (NCs) by examining the size-dependency of the doping behavior. A CdSe NC thin-film transistor (TFT) is fabricated via a doping process with InCl3 treatment followed by an annealing process. Spectroscopic and electronic device characterization reveal that smaller NCs are more effectively doped than larger NCs at all annealing temperatures. This is attributed to the larger specific surface area, where the dopant can be more readily coordinated. The degenerate behavior of a 3.3-nm CdSe-NC TFT appears at a lower temperature than that of larger NC TFTs. We achieve a high electron mobility and on-to-off current ratio of 1.79 cm2/Vs and 5.2 × 105, respectively, in a low-temperature annealing process (150 °C) with 3.3-nm CdSe NCs. This facilitates the fabrication of a flexible CdSe-NC TFT, which is demonstrated on a polyethylene terephthalate substrate with an Al2O3 dielectric layer using atomic layer deposition. The flexible 3.3-nm CdSe-NC TFT is successfully fabricated even at 150 °C, with a high on-to-off current ratio and low hysteresis at a low operation voltage, which is impossible for larger CdSe-NC TFTs. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nanocrystals

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