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Comprehensive energy, economic, and environmental analysis of a hybrid photovoltaic–thermal (PVT) heat pump system

Energy 2025年 331卷

作者： Hugo Arnesson Andreas V. Olympios Asmaa A. Harraz Jingyuan Xu Institute for Microstructure Technology Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany PV Technology Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Cyprus Nicosia Cyprus PHAETHON Centre of Excellence for Intelligent Efficient and Sustainable Energy Solutions Nicosia Cyprus Environmental Engineering Program University of Science and Technology Zewail City of Science and Technology Egypt

This study investigates a parallel indirect-expansion solar-assisted heat pump (SAHP) system integrating photovoltaic–thermal (PVT) collectors to meet domestic space heating, hot water, and appliance electricity demands for a typical household in Germany. A transient mathematical model captures the interdependencies between heat and electricity flows, enabling evaluation of thermodynamic, economic, and environmental performance across 54 heat pump designs with 3 refrigerants. The SAHP is compared to standalone heat pumps and natural gas boilers under varying electricity and natural gas prices. Results indicate that the SAHP system can cover over one-third of annual heating demand and half of appliance electricity demand using solar energy, with Munich achieving the highest solar coverage (39 %). HFC-32 (R32) outperforms propane, which in turn outperforms R410A, with levelized costs of energy, in electricity equivalents, of 0.272, 0.276 and 0.283 Euro/kWh, respectively. The SAHP system proves more cost-effective than standalone heat pumps or natural gas boilers unless energy prices are exceptionally low. Optimizing water tank designs for lower-temperature operation could further enhance SAHP competitiveness against PV-driven heat pumps.

关键词： Solar-assisted heat pump Energy–economic–environmental (3E) Photovoltaic–thermal (PVT) Propane refrigerant R32 refrigerant

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UNTANGLING HIGH-ORDER MESHES BASED ON SIGNED ANGLES 28

UNTANGLING HIGH-ORDER MESHES BASED ON SIGNED ANGLES

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28th International Meshing Roundtable, IMR 2019

作者： Stees, Mike Dotzel, Myra Shontz, Suzanne M. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Information and Telecommunication Technology Center University of Kansas 1520 W. 15th Street LawrenceKS66045 United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department of Mathematics Information and Telecommunication Technology Center University of Kansas 1520 W. 15th Street LawrenceKS66045 United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Bioengineering Program Information and Telecommunication Technology Center University of Kansas 1520 W. 15th Street LawrenceKS66045 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781733489003

One challenge in the generation of high-order meshes is that mesh tangling can occur as a consequence of moving the new boundary nodes to the true curved boundary. In this paper, we propose a new optimization-based method that uses signed angles to untangle invalid second- and third-order triangular meshes. Our proposed method consists of two passes. In the first pass, we loop over each high-order interior edge node and minimize an objective function based on the signed angles of the pair of triangles that share the node. In the second pass, we loop over face nodes and move them to the mean of the high-order nodes of the triangle to which the face node belongs. We present several numerical examples in two dimensions with second- and third-order elements that demonstrate the capabilities of our method for untangling invalid meshes. © 2019 Proceedings of the 28th International Meshing Roundtable, IMR 2019. All rights reserved.

关键词： Numerical methods

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Right or wrong collision rate analysis without profiling: full-automatic collision fault attack

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science China(Information sciences) 2018年第3期61卷 5-15页

作者： An WANG Yu ZHANG Weina TIAN Qian WANG Guoshuang ZHANG Liehuang ZHU School of Computer Science Beijing Institute of Technology State Key Laboratory of Cryptology College of Bioengineering Beijing Polytechnic Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Maryland Science and Technology on Information Assurance Laboratory

In CHES 2010, Fault Sensitivity Analysis(FSA) on Advanced Encryption Standard(AES) hardware circuit based on S-box setup-time acquired by injecting clock glitches is proposed. Soon after, some improvements of FSA were presented such as colliding timing characteristics from Moradi et al. However,the acquisition of timing characteristics requires complex procedure due to the very gradual decrease of clock glitch cycle and the heavy requirements of setup-time samples. In HOST 2015, Wang et al. presented template-based right or wrong collision rate attack to improve the efficiency of FSA, but its profiling and plaintexts-choice procedures required too many encryptions. In this paper, we fix only one specific clock glitch cycle, and take the right or wrong collision rate as a collision distinguisher. So, the whole process is a non-profiling collision attack which can be executed automatically without massive pre-computations and interactions between PC and signal generator. According to the experiments, 256 encryptions are enough for exactly deciding whether two plaintext bytes can induce an S-box collision. Compared with the existing power analysis and FSA-based attacks on AES hardware, it costs negligible time(about 6.65 s) and storage space(only one byte), and no offline computations for finding the collision between two masked S-boxes. Furthermore, our study shows that the signal-to-noise ratio in FSA-based attacks is much higher than power-based attacks.

关键词： fault sensitivity analysis right or wrong collision rate analysis masking collision attack

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Gmr Biosensing with Magnetic Nanowires as Labels for the Detection of Osteosarcoma Cells

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Su, Diqing Um, Joseph Moreno, Julian Nemati, Zohreh Srinivasan, Karthik Chen, Junyang Kouhpanji, M. Reza Zamani Shore, Daniel Wu, Kai Kosel, Jürgen Modiano, Jaime F. Franklin, Rhonda Wang, Jian-Ping Stadler, Bethanie Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Minnesota MinneapolisMN55455 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Minnesota MinneapolisMN55455 United States Electrical Engineering Department King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal 23955 Saudi Arabia Animal Cancer Care and Research Program University of Minnesota St. PaulMN55108 United States Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine University of Minnesota St. PaulMN55108 United States Masonic Cancer Center University of Minnesota MinneapolisMN55455 United States Center for Immunology University of Minnesota MinneapolisMN55455 United States Stem Cell Institute University of Minnesota MinneapolisMN55455 United States Institute for Engineering in Medicine University of Minnesota MinneapolisMN55455 United States

Magnetic nanowires (MNWs) were explored as potential magnetic tags for cell detection with giant magnetoresistance (GMR) biosensors based on a handheld system. Due to size, shape anisotropy and higher moment materials, the signal detected from a single MNW was 2500 times larger than that from a single magnetic iron oxide nanobead, which is important for ultra-low concentration cell detection. A model was used to determine how the MNW orientation with respect to the GMR sensor impacts detection performance, and the results aligned well with the experimental results. As a proof of concept OSCA-8 cells tagged with Ni MNWs were also detected using the same handheld system. The limit of detection (LOD) in aqueous solution appeared to be 133 cells, and single-cell detection can be realized if the cell is in direct contact with the sensor surface. Since MNWs are already employed in magnetic separation of cells, directly using MNWs as tags in cell detection eliminates the need of additional functionalization with other labels. This largely simplifies the detection process and reduces the risk of contamination during sample preparation. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Biosensors

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Data and Physics Driven Learning Models for Fast MRI - Fundamentals and Methodologies from CNN, GAN to Attention and Transformers

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2022年

作者： Huang, Jiahao Fang, Yingying Nan, Yang Wu, Huanjun Wu, Yinzhe Gao, Zhifan Li, Yang Wang, Zidong Lio, Pietro Rueckert, Daniel Eldar, Yonina C. Yang, Guang The National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College London Guy Scadding Building Dovehouse St LondonSW3 6LY United Kingdom The Department of Bioengineering Imperial College London South Kensington LondonSW7 2AZ United Kingdom The School of Biomedical Engineering Sun Yat-Sen University Guangdong Guangzhou510006 China The School of Automation Sciences and Electrical Engineering Beihang University Beijing China The Department of Computer Science Brunel University London LondonUB8 3PH United Kingdom The Computer Laboratory University of Cambridge CambridgeCB3 0FD United Kingdom The Department of Computing Imperial College London South Kensington Campus LondonSW7 2AZ United Kingdom Technical University of Munich Munich80333 Germany Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot7610001 Israel

Research studies have shown no qualms about using data driven deep learning models for downstream tasks in medical image analysis, e.g., anatomy segmentation and lesion detection, disease diagnosis and prognosis, and treatment planning. However, deep learning models are not the sovereign remedy for medical image analysis when the upstream imaging is not being conducted properly (with artefacts). This has been manifested in MRI studies, where the scanning is typically slow, prone to motion artefacts, with a relatively low signal to noise ratio, and poor spatial and/or temporal resolution. Recent studies have witnessed substantial growth in the development of deep learning techniques for propelling fast MRI. This article aims to (1) introduce the deep learning based data driven techniques for fast MRI including convolutional neural network and generative adversarial network based methods, (2) survey the attention and transformer based models for speeding up MRI reconstruction, and (3) detail the research in coupling physics and data driven models for MRI acceleration. Finally, we will demonstrate through a few clinical applications, explain the importance of data harmonisation and explainable models for such fast MRI techniques in multicentre and multi-scanner studies, and discuss common pitfalls in current research and recommendations for future research directions. © 2022, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Signal to noise ratio

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Ramsey Envelope Modulation in NV Diamond Magnetometry

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Oon, Jner Tzern Tang, Jiashen Hart, Connor A. Olsson, Kevin S. Turner, Matthew J. Schloss, Jennifer M. Walsworth, Ronald L. Department of Physics University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Quantum Technology Center University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Intelligence Community Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Lincoln Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology LexingtonMA02421 United States

Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) spin ensembles in diamond provide an advanced magnetic sensing platform, with applications in both the physical and life sciences. The development of isotopically engineered 15NV diamond offers advantages over naturally occurring 14NV for magnetometry, due to its simpler hyperfine structure. However, for sensing modalities requiring a bias magnetic field not aligned with the sensing NV axis, the absence of a quadrupole moment in the 15N nuclear spin leads to pronounced envelope modulation effects in time-dependent measurements of 15NV spin evolution. While such behavior in spin echo experiments are well studied, analogous effects in Ramsey measurements and the implications for magnetometry remain under-explored. Here, we derive the modulated 15NV Ramsey response to a misaligned bias field, using a simple vector description of the effective magnetic field on the nuclear spin. The predicted modulation properties are then compared to experimental results, revealing significant magnetic sensitivity loss if unaddressed. We demonstrate that double-quantum coherences of the NV S = 1 electronic spin states dramatically suppress these envelope modulations, while additionally proving resilient to other parasitic effects such as strain heterogeneity and temperature shifts. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Spin dynamics

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Reply to “Comment on ‘Scattering Cancellation-Based Cloaking for the Maxwell-Cattaneo Heat Waves’”

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Physical Review Applied 2021年第5期15卷 058002-058002页

作者： M. Farhat S. Guenneau P.-Y. Chen A. Alù K.N. Salama Computer Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering (CEMSE) Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia UMI 2004 Abraham de Moivre-CNRS Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ United Kingdom Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago Illinois 60607 USA Photonics Initiative Advanced Science Research Center City University of New York New York New York 10031 USA Physics Program Graduate Center City University of New York New York New York 10016 USA

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Persistent flat band splitting and strong selective band renormalization in a kagome magnet thin film

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Ren, Zheng Huang, Jianwei Tan, Hengxin Biswas, Ananya Pulkkinen, Aki Zhang, Yichen Xie, Yaofeng Yue, Ziqin Chen, Lei Xie, Fang Allen, Kevin Wu, Han Ren, Qirui Rajapitamahuni, Anil Kundu, Asish K. Vescovo, Elio Kono, Junichiro Morosan, Emilia Dai, Pengcheng Zhu, Jian-Xin Si, Qimiao Minár, Ján Yan, Binghai Yi, Ming Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Condensed Matter Physics Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel New Technologies-Research Center University of West Bohemia Plzeň301 00 Czech Republic Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States National Synchrotron Light Source II Brookhaven National Lab UptonNY United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Chemistry Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Theoretical Division Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies Los Alamos National Laboratory Los AlamosNM United States

Magnetic kagome materials provide a fascinating playground for exploring the interplay of magnetism, correlation and topology. Many magnetic kagome systems have been reported including the binary FemXn (X=Sn, Ge;m:n = 3:1, 3:2, 1:1) family and the rare earth RMn6Sn6 (R = rare earth) family, where their kagome flat bands are calculated to be near the Fermi level in the paramagnetic phase. While partially filling a kagome flat band is predicted to give rise to a Stoner-type ferromagnetism, experimental visualization of the magnetic splitting across the ordering temperature has not been reported for any of these systems due to the high ordering temperatures, hence leaving the nature of magnetism in kagome magnets an open question. Here, we probe the electronic structure with angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy in a kagome magnet thin film FeSn synthesized using molecular beam epitaxy. We identify the exchange-split kagome flat bands, whose splitting persists above the magnetic ordering temperature, indicative of a local moment picture. Such local moments in the presence of the topological flat band are consistent with the compact molecular orbitals predicted in theory. We further observe a large spin-orbital selective band renormalization in the Fe dxy+dx2-y2spin majority channel reminiscent of the orbital selective correlation effects in the iron-based superconductors. Our discovery of the coexistence of local moments with topological flat bands in a kagome system echoes similar findings in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene, and provides a basis for theoretical effort towards modeling correlation effects in magnetic flat band systems. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Iron-based Superconductors

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Advanced Under-Rails Fiber-Optic Sensor for Detection of Rolling Stock and Axles in Tram Transport

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IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 2025年 74卷

作者： Fajkus, Marcel Jargus, Jan Nedoma, Jan Kepak, Stanislav Krizan, Daniel Cubik, Jakub Krenzelok, Tomas Leal, Arnaldo Marques, Carlos VSB—Technical University of Ostrava Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department of Telecommunications Ostrava708 00 Czech Republic Prodin a.s. Pardubice530 02 Czech Republic Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering Federal University of Espirito Santo Vitoria29075-910 Brazil University of Aveiro CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials Physics Department Aveiro3810-193 Portugal VSB—Technical University of Ostrava Department of Physics Ostrava708 00 Czech Republic

This article describes the implementation of an advanced fiber-optic intensity sensor for the comprehensive detection of axles and bogies of rail vehicles in tram transport. The sensor uses the principle of optical fiber bending, where the intensity of transmitted light is modulated due to mechanical stress on the fiber caused by the passage of a tram and the subsequent reversible deformation of the rail. The innovative design of the sensor allows for its easy installation under the rail foot, between the rail and the sleeper, replacing conventional anti-vibration pads, and includes specially designed deformable elements which the optical fiber bends and modulates the transmitted light intensity. During long-term testing (11 months in various weather conditions) conducted in the real tram depot (Ostrava, Czech Republic), 20602 tram passages were secured and analyzed. The sensor demonstrated success in detecting bogies, achieving 100% accuracy with no false positives (FPs) or false negatives (FNs). Axle detection showed an average success rate of 86.1%, with variability among different tram types up to 97.8%. The signal modulation was also subjected to detailed analysis, revealing differences in responses between various tram types, which can be attributed to differences in bogie construction and vehicle weight. Due to its electromagnetic immunity, the implemented fiber-optic sensor offers the potential for more reliable detection and broad application possibilities, including track occupancy monitoring, speed measurement, or determining the direction of travel on single-track lines. With slight optimization, the sensor could also be used to weigh rail vehicles or as an axle counter in railway or light rail transport. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Bogies (railroad rolling stock)

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Sculpting liquid crystal skyrmions with external flows

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Physical Review Research 2023年第3期5卷 033210-033210页

作者： Rodrigo C. V. Coelho Hanqing Zhao Mykola Tasinkevych Ivan I. Smalyukh Margarida M. Telo da Gama Centro de Física Teórica e Computacional Faculdade de Ciências Universidade de Lisboa 1749-016 Lisboa Portugal Departamento de Física Faculdade de Ciências Universidade de Lisboa P-1749-016 Lisboa Portugal Department of Physics and Soft Materials Research Center University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA SOFT Group School of Science and Technology Nottingham Trent University Clifton Lane Nottingham NG11 8NS United Kingdom International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter Hiroshima University Higashihiroshima 739-8511 Japan Department of Electrical Computer and Energy Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute National Renewable Energy Laboratory and University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA

We investigate, using experiments and numerical simulations, the distortions and the alignment of skyrmions in liquid crystal under external flows for a range of average flow velocities. The simulations are based on the Landau-de Gennes Q tensor theory both for isolated as well as for systems with many skyrmions. We found striking flow-driven elongation of an isolated skyrmion and flow alignment of skyrmions in the many-skyrmion system, both of which are also observed in the experiments. In the simulations, particular attention was given to the dissipation rate and to the various dissipation channels for a single skyrmion under external flow. This analysis provides insight on the observed scaling regime of the elongation of isolated flowing skyrmions and revealed a surprising plastic response at very short times, which may be relevant in applications based on the alignment of soft structures such as liquid crystal skyrmions.

关键词： Complex fluids Living matter & active matter Lattice-Boltzmann methods Optical microscopy Photoluminescence

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