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Self-packaged stretchable printed circuits with ligand-bound liquid metal particles in elastomer

Nature Communications 2025年第1期16卷 1-11页

作者： Seo, Hyeonyeob Lee, Gun-Hee Park, Jiwoo Kim, Dong-Yeong Son, Yeonzu Kim, Semin Nam, Kum Seok Yang, Congqi Won, Joonhee Bae, Jae-Young Kim, Hyunjun Kang, Seung-Kyun Park, Steve Kang, Jiheong Park, Seongjun Department of Bio and Brain Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon South Korea Departments of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering Pusan National University Busan South Korea Departments of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering Pusan National University Busan South Korea School of Electrical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon South Korea Program of Brain and Cognitive Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon South Korea Graduate School of Semiconductor Technology Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon South Korea Medical Research Center Seoul National University Seoul South Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon South Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering Seoul National University Seoul South Korea KAIST Institute for NanoCentury Daejeon South Korea Department of Chemistry Seoul National University Seoul South Korea Department of Biomedical Sciences College of Medicine Seoul National University Seoul South Korea School of Transdisciplinary Innovations Seoul National University Seoul South Korea Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering College of Engineering Seoul National University Seoul South Korea Department of Transdisciplinary Medicine Seoul National University Hospital Seoul South Korea

Packaging in stretchable electronics is crucial to protect components from environmental damage while preserving mechanical flexibility and providing electrical insulation. The conventional packaging process involves multiple steps that increase in complexity as the number of circuit layers multiply. In this study, we introduce a self-packaged stretchable printed circuit board enabled by the in situ phase separation of liquid metal particles (LMPs) within various polymer matrices during solution-based printing processes. The ligand-bound LMPs (LB-LMPs), engineered to inhibit oxide growth, undergo in situ sintering, prompting vertical phase separation. This synthesis strategy not only achieves high initial conductivity of the LMPs but also encapsulates them within the polymer matrix, preventing leakage and providing electrical insulation. Our method enables multi-layer circuit printing, eliminating the need for additional activation and packaging processes. Furthermore, by integrating conductive materials into packaging layers for selective electrical conductivity, vertical interconnect accesses and conductive pads can be formed, enabling large-scale, stretchable, and leakage-free multi-layer electrical circuits and bio-interfaces. © The Author(s) 2025.

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Reliable Collaborative Semi-infrastructure Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication for Local File Sharing 15th

Reliable Collaborative Semi-infrastructure Vehicle-to-Vehicl...

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15th EAI International Conference on Collaborative Computing: Networking, Applications and Worksharing, CollaborateCom 2019

作者： Mokhtar, Bassem Azab, Mohamed Fathalla, Efat Ghourab, Esraa M. Magdy, Mohamed Eltoweissy, Mohamed Electrical Engineering Department Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt Computer Engineering Program School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Nile University Giza Egypt Computer and Information Sciences Virginia Military Institute LexingtonVA24450 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Old Dominion University NorfolkVA United States College of Computing and Information Technology Arab Academy for Science Technology and Maritime Transport Alexandria Egypt

ISBN: (纸本)9783030301453

Recently, Vehicular Cloud Communication (VCC) has been gaining momentum targeting intelligent and efficient data transmission. VCC is a type of mobile ad-hoc network comprising heterogeneous vehicles sharing their resources to perform collaborative activities. In this paper, we propose a new semi-infrastructure file-browsing in order to provide Network as a service (NaaS) enabling internet-independent browsing. In our scenario, a central management platform plays the role of controlling and managing the selection of relaying vehicles supporting the source to destination file transmission procedure. Nagel-Schreckenberg rules for traffic cellular automata (CA) are used as the basis for our scenario simulation. Nagel-Schreckenberg rules simulate the behavior of a group of hypothetical vehicles moving across a highway. We study the reliability and efficiency of file transfer in such settings. Simulation results show that the number of selected relays required to establish the network highly impacts the probability of successfully sending the requested files. In addition, the distances between the selected relays influence the network throughput and the probability of network failure. Moreover, the density of relays strongly affects the overall delay that occurs due to the continuous re-transmission of the selected files among different hops. © 2019, ICST Institute for computer sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications engineering.

关键词： Vehicle to vehicle communications

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Literature Review of Religion Video Game

Literature Review of Religion Video Game

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2019 International Congress on Applied Information Technology, AIT 2019

作者： Wibawa, Setya Chendra Rahayu, Yuni Sri Wrahatnolo, Tri Vindy, V. Warnars, Harco Leslie Hendric Spits Hashimoto, Kiyota Universitas Negeri Surabaya Jawa Timur Informatics Department 60213 Indonesia Universitas Negeri Surabaya Jawa Timur Biology Department 60213 Indonesia Universitas Negeri Surabaya Jawa Timur Electrical Engineering Department 60213 Indonesia Game Application Technology Program School of Computer Science Bina Nusantara University Computer Science Department Jakarta11480 Indonesia BINUS Graduate Program - Doctor of Computer Science Bina Nusantara University Computer Science Department Jakarta11480 Indonesia Faculty of Technology and Environment Prince Songkla University Thailand

ISBN: (纸本)9781728158624

In this current digital era, the video game is favorite especially among young people. Besides widely known as a form of entertainment, some messages or lessons can be learned from a video game that may affect the players. Conscious or unconscious, games have influenced many sectors of life, and it has been recognized as a serious game and no exception to religion. Human as a living creature, like or dislike or even as an atheist should believe with something out there, and religion is as a medium which connects human with something out there. The game as a representation of entertaining, intelligent application will represent joy and happiness in human life's activities, and inevitably games will influence human religion. In the end, religion game will help the human to increase their faith in those their belief based on their religion. Similar to Information Technology which is implemented in business to increase revenue, the game as an entertaining intelligent application will increase human's faith. One kind of video game that provides it is religion video games which are the result of the incorporation between religion and video games. In this paper, we do a literature review about religion video games. We try to summarize how religious elements can be incorporated into a video game which can be seen from the parts, components, and approaches of the religion video game itself. We also try to summarize the positive side and controversies in religion video games. © 2019 IEEE.

关键词： Serious games

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Rayleigh scattering-based distributed sensing in multicore optical fibers for shape reconstruction in multiplanar disturbance

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Measurement 2025年 256卷

作者： Leandro Macedo Anselmo Frizera Jan Nedoma Radek Martinek Carlos Marques Arnaldo Leal-junior Postgraduate Program in Electrical Engineering of the Federal University of Espírito Santo Av. Fernando Ferrari 514 - Goiabeiras Vitória 29075-910 Espírito Santo Brazil Department of Telecommunications Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science VSB—Technical University of Ostrava 17. listopadu 15 70833 Ostrava Czech Republic Department of Cybernetics and Biomedical Engineering VSB—Technical University of Ostrava 17. listopadu 15 70833 Ostrava Czech Republic CICECO University of Aveiro Campus Universitário de Santiago 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal

In recent years, advancements in smart cities and multifunctional monitoring have driven new demands for shape reconstruction devices. Multicore fibers (MCFs) are increasingly used due to their parallel data transmission capabilities and multiparameter sensing potential. This paper presents a Rayleigh-scattering-based distributed sensing approach with MCFs for shape reconstruction under multiplanar disturbances. Optical Frequency-Domain Reflectometry (OFDR) is utilized to analyze four cores in a seven-core fiber, enabling shape reconstruction through cross-correlation of spectral responses relative to an unstrained reference. Two configurations are compared: Configuration 1, a spatially separated core arrangement enabling independent strain independent strain measurements to be analyzed with a Frenet-Serret frame modeling and Random Forest (RF) algorithms, achieving a high accuracy with a maximum error of 8.72 × 10 −3 cm; and Configuration 2, a simplified approach analyzing all cores in the same OFDR channel, yielding a higher error of 0.27 cm when a RF algorithm was fed with features derived from the Rayleigh backscattered signal (loss amplitude, strain, spectral shift, and s- and p-polarization) measured by an optical backscatter reflectometer. Three protocols—pure bending, pure torsion, and combined bending/torsion—validate these configurations. The results emphasize this multifunctional MCF-based sensor system’s potential for flexible, integrated shape reconstruction solutions.

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Benchmark problems for transcranial ultrasound simulation: Intercomparison of compressional wave models

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Aubry, Jean-Francois Bates, Oscar Boehm, Christian Pauly, Kim Butts Christensen, Douglas Cueto, Carlos Gélat, Pierre Guasch, Lluis Jaros, Jiri Jing, Yun Jones, Rebecca Li, Ningrui Marty, Patrick Montanaro, Hazael Neufeld, Esra Pichardo, Samuel Pinton, Gianmarco Pulkkinen, Aki Stanziola, Antonio Thielscher, Axel Treeby, Bradley Van't Wout, Elwin Physics for Medicine Paris INSERM U1273 ESPCI Paris PSL University CNRS UMR 8063 France Department of Bioengineering Imperial College London Exhibition Road LondonSW7 2AZ United Kingdom Institute of Geophysics ETH Zürich Sonneggstrasse 5 Zürich8092 Switzerland Department of Radiology Stanford University StanfordCA United States Department of Biomedical Engineering Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Utah United States Department of Surgical Biotechnology Division of Surgery and Interventional Science University College London LondonNW3 2PF United Kingdom Earth Science and Engineering Department Imperial College London London United Kingdom Centre of Excellence IT4Innovations Faculty of Information Technology Brno University of Technology Bozetechova 2 Brno612 00 Czech Republic Graduate Program in Acoustics The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA16802 United States Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill North Carolina State University NC United States Department of Electrical Engineering Stanford University StanfordCA United States Zurich Switzerland Laboratory for Acoustics / Noise control Empa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology Dubendorf Switzerland Zurich Switzerland Radiology and Clinical Neurosciences Departments Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Canada Department of Applied Physics University of Eastern Finland Kuopio70211 Finland Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering University College London Gower Street LondonWC1E 6BT United Kingdom Technical University of Denmark Denmark Danish Research Center for Magnetic Resonance Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre Denmark Institute for Mathematical and Computational Engineering School of Engineering and Faculty of Mathematics Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile Santiago Chile

Computational models of acoustic wave propagation are frequently used in transcranial ultrasound therapy, for example, to calculate the intracranial pressure field or to calculate phase delays to correct for skull distortions. To allow intercomparison between the different modeling tools and techniques used by the community, an international working group was convened to formulate a set of numerical benchmarks. Here, these benchmarks are presented, along with intercomparison results. Nine different benchmarks of increasing geometric complexity are defined. These include a single-layer planar bone immersed in water, a multi-layer bone, and a whole skull. Two transducer configurations are considered (a focused bowl and a plane piston), giving a total of 18 permutations of the benchmarks. Eleven different modeling tools are used to compute the benchmark results. The models span a wide range of numerical techniques, including the finite-difference time-domain method, angular-spectrum method, pseudospectral method, boundary-element method, and spectral-element method. Good agreement is found between the models, particularly for the position, size, and magnitude of the acoustic focus within the skull. When comparing results for each model with every other model in a cross comparison, the median values for each benchmark for the difference in focal pressure and position are less than 10% and 1 mm, respectively. The benchmark definitions, model results, and intercomparison codes are freely available to facilitate further comparisons. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Bone

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Cation and anion topotactic transformations in cobaltite thin films leading to Ruddlesden-Popper phases

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Physical Review Materials 2021年第6期5卷 064416-064416页

作者： I-Ting Chiu Min-Han Lee Shaobo Cheng Shenli Zhang Larry Heki Zhen Zhang Yahya Mohtashami Pavel N. Lapa Mingzhen Feng Padraic Shafer Alpha T. N'Diaye Apurva Mehta Jon A. Schuller Giulia Galli Shriram Ramanathan Yimei Zhu Ivan K. Schuller Yayoi Takamura Department of Chemical Engineering University of California Davis Davis California 95616 USA Materials Science and Engineering Program University of California San Diego La Jolla California 92093 USA Department of Physics and Center for Advanced Nanoscience University of California San Diego La Jolla California 92093 USA Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Division Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York 11973 USA Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering The University of Chicago Chicago Illinois 60637 USA Materials Department University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara California 93106 USA School of Materials Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara California 93106 USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California Davis Davis California 95616 USA Advanced Light Source Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720 USA Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo Park California 94025 USA Materials Science Division and Center for Molecular Engineering Argonne National Laboratory Lemont Illinois 60439 USA

Topotactic transformations involve structural changes between related crystal structures due to a loss or gain of material while retaining a crystallographic relationship. The perovskite oxide La0.7Sr0.3CoO3 (LSCO) is an ideal system for investigating phase transformations due to its high oxygen vacancy conductivity, relatively low oxygen vacancy formation energy, and strong coupling of the magnetic and electronic properties to the oxygen stoichiometry. While the transition between cobaltite perovskite and brownmillerite (BM) phases has been widely reported, further reduction beyond the BM phase lacks systematic studies. In this paper, we study the evolution of the physical properties of LSCO thin films upon exposure to highly reducing environments. We observe the rarely reported crystalline Ruddlesden-Popper phase, which involves the loss of both oxygen anions and cobalt cations upon annealing where the cobalt is found as isolated Co ions or Co nanoparticles. First-principles calculations confirm that the concurrent loss of oxygen and cobalt ions is thermodynamically possible through an intermediary BM phase. The strong correlation of the magnetic and electronic properties to the crystal structure highlights the potential of utilizing ion migration as a basis for emerging applications such as neuromorphic computing.

关键词： Crystal defects electrical conductivity Electronic structure of atoms & molecules Epitaxial strain First-principles calculations Magnetism Phase transitions

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Regularity and numerical approximation of fractional elliptic differential equations on compact metric graphs

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Bolin, David Kovács, Mihály Kumar, Vivek Simas, Alexandre B. Statistics Program Computer Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal23955-6900 Saudi Arabia Department of Mathematical Sciences Chalmers University of Technology University of Gothenburg GothenburgSE-41296 Sweden Department of Differential Equations Budapest University of Technology and Economics Mauegyetem rkp. 3. BudapestH-1111 Hungary Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics Pázmány Péter Catholic University Práter utca 50/a. BudapestH-1083 Hungary Theoretical Statistics and Mathematics Unit Indian Statistical Institute Bangalore Centre 8th Mile Mysore Road Karnataka Bangalore560059 India

The fractional differential equation Lβu = f posed on a compact metric graph is considered, where β > 0 and L = κ2 − ∇(a∇) is a second-order elliptic operator equipped with certain vertex conditions and sufficiently smooth and positive coefficients κ, a. We demonstrate the existence of a unique solution for a general class of vertex conditions and derive the regularity of the solution in the specific case of Kirchhoff vertex conditions. These results are extended to the stochastic setting when f is replaced by Gaussian white noise. For the deterministic and stochastic settings under generalized Kirchhoff vertex conditions, we propose a numerical solution based on a finite element approximation combined with a rational approximation of the fractional power L−β. For the resulting approximation, the strong error is analyzed in the deterministic case, and the strong mean squared error as well as the L2(Γ×Γ)error of the covariance function of the solution are analyzed in the stochastic setting. Explicit rates of convergences are derived for all cases. Numerical experiments for L = κ2 − ∆, κ > 0 are performed to illustrate the *** Codes 35R02, 35A01, 35A02, 60H15, 60H40 Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Errors

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Novel Smart N95 Filtering Facepiece Respirator with Real-time Adaptive Fit Functionality and Wireless Humidity Monitoring for Enhanced Wearable Comfort

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Kwon, Kangkyu Lee, Yoon Jae Jung, Yeongju Soltis, Ira Choi, Chanyeong Na, Yewon Romero, Lissette Kim, Myung Chul Rodeheaver, Nathan Kim, Hodam Lloyd, Michael S. Zhuang, Ziqing King, William Xu, Susan Ko, Seung-Hwan Lee, Jinwoo Yeo, Woon-Hong School of Electrical and Computer Engineering College of Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology AtlantaGA30332 United States Center for Human-Centric Interfaces and Nanoengineering Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology Georgia Institute of Technology AtlantaGA30332 United States Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab Department of Mechanical Engineering Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul08826 Korea Republic of George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology AtlantaGA30332 United States School of Industrial Design Georgia Institute of Technology AtlantaGA30332 United States Division of Cardiology Emory University School of Medicine AtlantaGA30322 United States National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory PittsburghPA15236 United States Seoul National University Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Department of Mechanical Robotics and Energy Engineering Dongguk University 30 Pildongro 1-gil Jung-gu Seoul04620 Korea Republic of Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences Neural Engineering Center Institute for Materials Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Machines Georgia Institute of Technology AtlantaGA30332 United States

The widespread emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has transformed our lifestyle, and facial respirators have become an essential part of daily life. Nevertheless, the current respirators possess several limitations such as poor respirator fit because they are incapable of covering diverse human facial sizes and shapes, potentially diminishing the effect of wearing respirators. In addition, the current facial respirators do not inform the user of the air quality within the smart facepiece respirator in case of continuous long-term use. Here, we demonstrate the novel smart N-95 filtering facepiece respirator that incorporates the humidity sensor and pressure sensory feedback-enabled self-fit adjusting functionality for the effective performance of the facial respirator to prevent the transmission of airborne pathogens. The laser-induced graphene (LIG) constitutes the humidity sensor, and the pressure sensor array based on the dielectric elastomeric sponge monitors the respirator contact on the user’s face, providing the sensory information for a closed-loop feedback mechanism. As a result of the self-fit adjusting mode along with elastomeric lining, the fit factor is increased by 3.20 and 5 times at average and maximum respectively. We expect that the experimental proof-of-concept of this work will offer viable solutions to the current commercial respirators to address the *** Codes 92C55 Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Graphene

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Handling Massive Proportion of Missing Labels in Multivariate Long-Term Time Series Forecasting

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2021年第1期2090卷

作者： Jr Cristovão Iglesias Varun Mehta Alina Venereo-Sanchez Xingge Xu Julien Robitaille Robert Voyer René Richard Nabil Belacel Amine Kamen Miodrag Bolic University of Ottawa School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS) Canada Department of Bioengineering McGill University Canada National Research Council of Canada Canada

Training Deep Learning (DL) models with missing labels is a challenge in diverse engineering applications. Missing value imputation methods have been proposed to try to address this problem, but their performance is affected with Massive Proportion of Missing Labels (MPML). This paper presents a approach for handling MPML in Multivariate Long-Term Time Series Forecasting. It is an two-step process where interpolation (using Gaussian Processes Regression (GPR) and domain knowledge from experts) and prediction model are separated to enable the integration of prior domain knowledge. First, a set of samples of the possible interpolation of the missing outputs are generated by the GPR based on the domain knowledge. Second, the observed input sensor data and interpolated labels from GPR are used to train the prediction model. We evaluated our approach with the development of a soft-sensor with one real datasets to forecast the biomass during recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) production in bioreactors. Our experimental results demonstrate the potential of the approach through quantitative evaluation of the generated forecasts in a case that would be extremely difficult to train a DL model due to MPML.

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Compressible latent-space invertible networks for generative model-constrained image reconstruction

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Kelkar, Varun A. Bhadra, Sayantan Anastasio, Mark A. The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL61801 United States The Department of Computer Science and Engi- neering Washington University in Saint Louis Saint LouisMO United States The Department of Bioengineering Uni- versity of Illinois Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL61801 United States

There remains an important need for the development of image reconstruction methods that can produce diagnostically useful images from undersampled measurements. In magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), for example, such methods can facilitate reductions in data-acquisition times. Deep learning-based methods hold potential for learning object priors or constraints that can serve to mitigate the effects of data-incompleteness on image reconstruction. One line of emerging research involves formulating an optimization-based reconstruction method in the latent space of a generative deep neural network. However, when generative adversarial networks (GANs) are employed, such methods can result in image reconstruction errors if the sought-after solution does not reside within the range of the GAN. To circumvent this problem, in this work, a framework for reconstructing images from incomplete measurements is proposed that is formulated in the latent space of invertible neural network-based generative models. A novel regularization strategy is introduced that takes advantage of the multiscale architecture of certain invertible neural networks, which can result in improved reconstruction performance over classical methods in terms of traditional metrics. The proposed method is investigated for reconstructing images from undersampled MRI data. The method is shown to achieve comparable performance to a state-of-the-art generative model-based reconstruction method while benefiting from a deterministic reconstruction procedure and easier control over regularization parameters. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Image reconstruction

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