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Visualizing Field-free Deterministic Magnetic Switching of all–van der Waals Spin-Orbit Torque System Using Spin Ensembles in Hexagonal Boron Nitride

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Zhang, Xi Zhou, Jingcheng Hu, Chaowei Deng, Kuangyin Wang, Chuangtang Agarwal, Nishkarsh Jin, Hanshang Al-Matouq, Faris A. Xu, Stelo Trivedi, Roshan S. Li, Senlei Rathi, Sumedh Lu, Hanyi Jiang, Zhigang Taufour, Valentin Hovden, Robert Zhao, Liuyan Cheng, Ran Xu, Xiaodong Chu, Jiun-Haw Du, Chunhui Rita Wang, Hailong School of Physics Georgia Institute of Technology AtlantaGA30332 United States Department of Physics University of Washington SeattleWA98105 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California RiversideCA92521 United States Department of Physics University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of California DavisCA95616 United States Department of Physics University of California San Diego La Jolla CA92093 United States Applied Physics Program University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of California RiversideCA92521 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Washington SeattleWA98105 United States

Recently, optically active spin defects embedded in van der Waals (vdW) crystals have emerged as a transformative quantum sensing platform to explore cutting-edge materials science and quantum physics. Taking advantage of excellent solid-state integrability, this new class of spin defects can be arranged in controllable nanoscale proximity of target materials in vdW heterostructures, showing great promise for improving spatial resolution and field sensitivity of current sensing technologies. Building on this state-of-the-art measurement platform, here we report hexagonal boron nitride-based quantum imaging of field-free deterministic magnetic switching of room-temperature two-dimensional magnet Fe3GaTe2 in an all-vdW spin-orbit torque (SOT) system. By visualizing SOT-driven variations of nanoscale Fe3GaTe2 magnetic stray field profile under different conditions, we have revealed how the observed magnetic switching evolves from deterministic to indeterministic behavior due to the interplay between out-of-plane spins, in-plane spins and Joule heating. This understanding, which is otherwise difficult to access by conventional transport measurements, offers valuable insights on material design, testing, and evaluation of next-generation vdW spintronic devices. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Van der Waals forces

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Bi_2Se_3/C Nanocomposite as a New Sodium-Ion Battery Anode Material

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Nano-Micro Letters 2018年第3期10卷 135-143页

作者： Lixin Xie Ze Yang Jingying Sun Haiqing Zhou Xiaowei Chi Hailong Chen ANDy X.Li Yan Yao Shuo Chen Department of Physics and TcSUH University of Houston Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Houston The Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Clements High School

Bi_2Se_3 was studied as a novel sodium-ion battery anode material because of its high theoretical capacity and high intrinsic conductivity. Integrated with carbon,Bi_2Se_3/C composite shows excellent cyclic performance and rate capability. For instance, the Bi_2Se_3/C anode delivers an initial capacity of 527 mAh g^(-10) at 0.1 A g^(-1) and maintains 89% of this capacity over 100 cycles. The phase change and sodium storage mechanism are also carefully investigated.

关键词： Bi2Se3 Sodium-ion battery High-energy ball milling Sodium storage mechanism

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Author Correction: Dynamical flexible inference of nonlinear latent factors and structures in neural population activity

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Nature biomedical engineering 2025年第2期9卷 283页

作者： Hamidreza Abbaspourazad Eray Erturk Bijan Pesaran Maryam M Shanechi Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Viterbi School of Engineering University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA. Departments of Neurosurgery Neuroscience and Bioengineering University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA. Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Viterbi School of Engineering University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA. shanechi@usc.edu. Thomas Lord Department of Computer Science Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering Neuroscience Graduate Program University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA. shanechi@usc.edu.

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Trade Ease with Machine Learning and AWS

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IEEE Access 2023年 11卷 25893-25905页

作者： Teja, Kamurthi Ravi Liu, Chuan-Ming National Taipei University of Technology International Program of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Taipei10608 Taiwan National Taipei University of Technology Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Taipei10608 Taiwan

Global trading is undergoing significant changes, necessitating modifications to the trading strategies. This study presents a newly developed cloud-based trading strategy that uses Amazon Web Services (AWS), machine learning (ML), and data science to automate trading tasks. The study begins by creating a machine learning trading strategy using a customized deep neural network (DNN). The strategy was then tested using a trading station before deployment on a cloud machine. The execution of the strategy resulted in a total profit of 42.74526 USD, with a test accuracy score of 87.45% and a training accuracy score of 89.15% over 6047 epochs. The roadmap provides a step-by-step overview of the entire process from strategy development to execution. In addition, this study offers insights into related issues and solutions that can enhance the effectiveness of trading strategies. Overall, this study contributes significantly to the field of cloud-based trading strategies and opens avenues for future research. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Deep neural networks

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ESG Investing: A Statistically Valid Approach to Data-Driven Decision Making and the Impact of ESG Factors on Stock Returns and Risk

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IEEE Access 2024年 12卷 69434-69444页

This study examines the impact of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors on economic investment from a statistical perspective, aiming to develop a tested investment strategy that capitalizes on the connection between ESG factors and financial performance. ESG investing: A statistically valid approach to data-driven decision-making (ESGI-SVADDM) investment strategy is based on a rigorous, statistically valid approach that utilizes data, math, statistics, and data science libraries to drive investment decisions, eliminating the need for personal opinions and subjectivity. The process includes establishing an investment thesis, formulating testable hypotheses (HPS), retrieving and refining relevant data, calculating relevant measures, and testing and validating all hypotheses. The study uses S&P 500 stock data and ESG data from Sustainalytics to test the hypotheses. The empirical tests conducted revealed a negative correlation between ESG risk and expected returns, as well as a positive trend in the relationship between ESG risk and the overall risk of stocks. Moreover, the study found that higher ESG risk scores are associated with lower returns for investors, and that adopting a strategy of investing in stocks with low ESG risk and shorting stocks with high ESG risk yields superior returns compared to the market portfolio. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Investments

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An on-line pulse trains analysis system of the wire-EDM process

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Journal of Materials Processing Technology 2009年第9期209卷 4417-4422页

作者： Liao, Y.S. Cheng, M.P. Liao, K.W. Department of Mechanical Engineering National Taiwan University Taiwan Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Undergraduate Honors Program National Chiao Tung University Taiwan

Ignition delay time (Td) has been widely used to distinguish the abnormal discharges from the normal ones in wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) process. In this paper an on-line analysis system for the causality of the Td data sequences was developed to evaluate the machining performance of WEDM process. The system is composed of a stand-alone Td processing circuitry and a user-friendly computer program for data analysis. The Td processing circuitry calculates and records the Td of every single electrical discharge in the first place, and then transmits the Td data via an embedded communication port to a desktop or notebook computer. The computer program, after performing the analysis tasks, will display the result in a graphic way. Two mathematical algorithms were employed for the analysis: autocorrelation function and Fourier transform. Through experiments under different working conditions, it was found that the autocorrelation function could be used to detect if arc or short circuit discharges take place consecutively, and to distinguish the WEDM process with similar Td distributions. On the other hand, the spectral analysis revealed that several factors were identified to be able to induce certain periodic patterns of Td data. These factors include the length of wire electrode, the water pressure, etc. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Spectrum analysis

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Synthesis of churros-like V2Se9 nanostructures for ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of oxalic acid in urine with portable point-of-care diagnostic devices

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Biosensors and Bioelectronics 2025年 285卷 117589页

作者： Shi, Peizheng Ye, Chen Sun, Zhuang Sun, Kaiqiang Zhao, Ningbin Pourfakhr, Mahan Cai, Tao Nishimura, Kazuhito Jiang, Nan Tsai, Hsu-Sheng Wu, Lidong Wu, Wenqi Yu, Jiancheng Fu, Li Xu, Lixin Chen, Jun Lin, Cheng-Te College of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou310014 China Qianwan Institute of CNITECH Ningbo315336 China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo315201 China Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China Department of Bioengineering University of California Los AngelesCA90095 United States School of Physics Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150001 China Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Beijing100141 China Department of Urology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangdong 510260 China Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology Guangzhou Medical University Guangdong 511495 China Institute of Mass Spectrometry Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Clinical Application Ningbo University Ningbo315211 China Zhenhai Institute of Mass Spectrometry Ningbo315211 China Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Ningbo University Ningbo315211 China College of Materials and Environmental Engineering Hangzhou Dianzi University Hangzhou310018 China

The binding of oxalic acid (OA) with metal ions, particularly calcium ions, is a key factor in kidney stone formation, as it produces insoluble calcium oxalate, which crystallizes and accumulates in the kidneys. Consequently, OA in urine is commonly considered a significant biomarker for clinical diagnosis and early screening of kidney stones. This study reports churros-like V2Se9 nanostructures synthesized using a solvothermal method (high pressure and temperature) for sensitive and selective electrochemical detection of OA in urine. The electrodes made of churros-like V2Se9 hybridized with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) for OA recognition, demonstrated a linear range from 20 nM to 4 mM, with an extremely low detection limit of 9.7 nM. To enable fast, user friendly, and accurate point-of-care testing (POCT) for OA in urine samples, we designed and developed a portable workstation integrated with smartphone for data visualization. This is the first study to utilize the V2Se9 system for highly sensitive biosensor applications, highlighting its potential to advance screening techniques for key indicators of kidney stones by incorporating novel transition metal chalcogenide nanomaterials in POCT devices. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Electrochemical biosensors

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Semi-automatic construction of 3D medical image-segmentation processes

Semi-automatic construction of 3D medical image-segmentation...

引用

Visualization in Biomedical Computing 1994

作者： Higgins, William E. Reinhardt, Joseph M. Sharp, Werner L. Departments of Electrical Engineering Computer Science and Engineering and the Bioengineering Program Pennsylvania State University University ParkPA16802 United States

We describe a GUI-based system called INTERSEG that can define 3D radiological image-segmentation processes. Using INTERSEG's GUI interface, the user first defines interactively some problem cues, which specify a segmentation task. Then, INTERSEG uses the cues to automatically construct a process for the task. The process consists of automatic image-processing operations, such as image enhancement, image segmentation, shape analysis, and measurement. With other systems, the user must resort to trial-and-error experimentation to construct such processes. © 1994 SPIE. All rights reserved.

关键词： Image enhancement

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3D Printed Biomimetic Composite for Treatment of Osteochondral Defects: A Preliminary Study in Porcine

SSRN

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Eckstein, Kevin N. Liu, Boyuan Schoonraad, Sarah A. Guastaldi, Fernando Pozzi Semeghini Uzcategui, Camila Muralidharan, Archish McLeod, Robert R. Randolph, Mark A. Bryant, Stephanie J. Ferguson, Viginia L. Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Colorado at Boulder BoulderCO80309 United States Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Colorado at Boulder BoulderCO80309 United States Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department of Surgery Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard School of Dental Medicine Harvard Medical School BostonMA02114 United States Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department of Surgery Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School BostonMA02114 United States Department of Electrical Computer and Energy Engineering University of Colorado at Boulder BoulderCO80309 United States Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Colorado at Boulder BoulderCO80309 United States BioFrontiers Institute University of Colorado at Boulder BoulderCO80309 United States

Osteochondral defects in diarthrodial joints can occur as a result of trauma. When left untreated, the surrounding tissues experience abnormal mechanical loads that can cause further degeneration. Thus, treatment of osteochondral defects requires the ability to support physiological loads and prevent further degeneration of surrounding tissues. Additive manufacturing techniques, such as bio-ink printing, have been explored to structurally reinforce soft scaffolds;however, these methods struggle to accurately print complex designs with small feature sizes (e.g., on the order of ~100 micrometers). In this study, we present a composite osteochondral scaffold with regional stiffness gradients, optimized to mimic the mechanical properties of articular cartilage and limit high strains in the subchondral bone. This scaffold incorporates a load-bearing structure, with ≥ 180 μm diameter truss elements, that is 3D printed via projection micro-stereolithography with a biomimetic soft hydrogel. We hypothesized that incorporating a reinforcing structure with cartilage and bone regions possessing tissue-specific stiffnesses, compared to a soft gel alone, would reduce degradation of native cartilage tissue adjacent to osteochondral defects and promote multi-tissue integration in porcine knees after six weeks. Histological analysis and microcomputed tomography revealed site-specific changes in the surrounding tissue, notably in the adjacent cartilage. Mechanical evaluation of adjacent native tissue showed that scaffolds with the 3D printed composite structure resulted in 33% less surrounding cartilage degradation compared to gel-only treatments. Within the defect, the soft gel alone limited mineralization, while the composite supported mineralization but only in its stiffer region. These findings suggest that incorporating a 3D printed reinforcing osteochondral mimetic structure protects the adjacent cartilage, enhances tissue integration, and spatially supports mineralization. © 2

关键词： Bone

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Galvanotactic control of collective cell migration in epithelial monolayers (vol 13, pg 409, 2014)

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NATURE MATERIALS 2014年第5期13卷 530-530页

作者： Cohen, Daniel J. Nelson, W. James Maharbiz, Michel M. Joint Graduate Program in Bioengineering University of California at Berkeley Berkeley California 94720 USA Department of Biology Molelcular Cellular Physiology Stanford University Stanford California 94305 USA Department of Electrical Engineering Computer Science University of California at Berkeley Berkeley California 94720 USA

Many normal and pathological biological processes involve the migration of epithelial cell sheets. This arises from complex emergent behaviour resulting from the interplay between cellular signalling networks and the forces that physically couple the cells. Here, we demonstrate that collective migration of an epithelium can be interactively guided by applying electric fields that bias the underlying signalling networks. We show that complex, spatiotemporal cues are locally interpreted by the epithelium, resulting in rapid, coordinated responses such as a collective U-turn, divergent migration, and unchecked migration against an obstacle. We observed that the degree of external control depends on the size and shape of the cell population, and on the existence of physical coupling between cells. Together, our results offer design and engineering principles for the rational manipulation of the collective behaviour and material properties of a tissue.

关键词： CELL migration EPITHELIUM EPITHELIAL cells CELL populations SPATIOTEMPORAL processes

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