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electricalLY INDUCED TRANSMISSIVITY MODULATION IN POLYMERIC THIN-FILM FABRY-PEROT ETALONS

APPLIED OPTICS 1989年第20期28卷 4442-4445页

作者： ELDERING, CA KOWEL, ST KNOESEN, A []The authors are with University of California Davis Department of Electrical Engineering Computer Science Organized Research Program on Polymeric Ultrathin Film Systems Davis California 95616

We report the observation of electrically induced changes in transmissivity in Fabry-Perot devices consisting of spin-cast azo-dye/polymer films deposited between gold mirrors. In poled samples the observed modulation shows a linear dependence on the applied modulating voltage. The ratio of the transmissivity modulation observed using incident transverse magnetic polarization to that observed using transverse electric polarization is used to demonstrate that the electrooptic effect dominates the modulation. This is, to our knowledge, the first reported use of a polymeric thin film linear electrooptic material in a Fabry-Perot structure and demonstrates the use of etalons to enhance electrooptic effects in very thin films.

关键词： Electrooptical effects Electrooptical modulators Materials processing Refractive index Thin film applications Thin films

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The Fanout Structure of Switching Functions

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Journal of the ACM (JACM) 1975年第4期22卷 551-571页

作者： Hayes, John P. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Program University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90007 United States

The problem of determining the amount of fanout required to reahze a switching function m investigated. The significance of fanout in switching networks is discussed Fanout-free functions are introduced and their propertms examined. Two relations, adjacency and masking, are defined on the variables X of a functlon f(X), and these relations are used to characterize fanoutfree functions A quantity τ(f) called the input fanout index of f is defined for arbitrary switching functions;τ(f) represents the minimum number of input variables that require fanout in any reahzation of ff It is shown that τ(f) can be determined from the pmme lmphcants and prime imphcates of f using two additmnal relations on X, the conjugate property and compatibility An algorithm is presented for finding a reahzatlon of f in whmh only τ(f) variables fan out. Some other measures of fanout are briefly considered. © 1975, ACM. All rights reserved.

关键词： fanout fanout-free functions fanout-free networks Input fanout index mimmlzatlon of fanout partially fanout-free functtons switching functions

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On the Properties of Irredundant Logic Networks

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IEEE Transactions on computers 1976年第9期C-25卷 884-892页

作者： Hayes, John P. Department of Electrical Engineering Computer Science Program University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90007 United States

The constraints imposed by various types of irredundancy on the structure of combinational logic networks are investigated. It is shown that the usual notion ofirredundancy here called a-irredundancy, places bounds on the maximum number of inputs to certain types of network structures. A network is called b-redundant if it contains a cascade of single-input gates that can be reduced to either an inverter or a single line. Let Nab(Z) denote all realizations of Z that are both a - and b-irredundant. If N E Nab(Z), then the number of gates in any fan-out-free subnetwork of N is bounded. It is shown that a solution to some important design optimization problems can be found in Nab(Z). It is conjectured that Nab(Z) is finite and some results supporting this conjecture are presented. For example, it is impossible to construct an arbitrarily long cascade of networks that perform the identity transformation without introducing a-or b-redundancy. A more general type of redundancy, c-redundancy, is defined which includes both a-and b-redundancy as special cases. The class of c-irredundant realizations of Z is finite. Copyright © 1976 by The Institute of electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.

关键词： Combinational networks irredundant networks logic circuits logic design optimization redundancy redundancy testing redundancy types

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A Graph Model for Fault-Tolerant Computing Systems

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IEEE Transactions on computers 1976年第9期C-25卷 875-884页

作者： Hayes, John P. Department of Electrical Engineering Computer Science Program University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90007 United States

An approach to fault-tolerant design is described in which a computing system S and an algorithm A to be executed by S are both defined by graphs whose nodes represent computing facilities. A is executable by S if A is isomorphic to a subgraph of S. A k-fault is the removal of k nodes (facilities) from S. S is a k-faulttolerant (k-FT) realization of A if A can be executed by S with any k-fault present in S. The problem of designing optimal k-FT systems is considered where A is equated to a 0-FT system. Techniques are described for designing optimal k-FT realizations of single-loop systems;these techniques are related to results in Hamiltonian graph theory. The design of optimal k-FT realizations of certain types of tree systems is also examined. The advantages and disadvantages of the graph model are discussed. Copyright © 1976 by The Institute of electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.

关键词： computer architecture fault-tolerant computing fault-tolerant design graph theory Hamiltonian graphs singleloop systems tree systems

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RUL Estimation for Power Electronic Devices Using RNNs

RUL Estimation for Power Electronic Devices Using RNNs

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2024 Prognostics and System Health Management Conference, PHM 2024

作者： Cai, Congrui Lu, Zhonghai School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science KTH Royal Institute of Technology Embedded Systems Master Program Sweden School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department of Electrical Engineering KTH Royal Institute of Technology Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)9798350360585

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) are commonly used in data-driven approaches to estimate the Remaining Useful Lifetime (RUL) of power electronic devices. RNNs are preferred because their intrinsic feedback mechanisms are better suited to model time-series data. However, the impact of RNN complexity on estimation accuracy is rarely discussed in the literature. This issue is important because choosing a lower-complexity model that delivers the same or similar performance as a higher-complexity model can increase implementation efficiency. In the paper, we use three RNN models, namely, the vanilla version, LSTM (Long Short Term Memory) and GRU (Gated Recurrent Unit) to conduct RUL estimation for power electronic devices. We use two accelerated aging datasets, one dataset targeting the package failure of MOSFETs, and the other dataset targeting package failure of power diodes. Our study shows that a lower-complexity RNN does not necessarily deliver a lower performance. Similarly, a higher-complexity model does not assure a higher performance. As such, our work highlights the importance of selecting a proper neural network for RUL estimation not biased towards complex models. This is especially useful and important for implementing such RUL estimation techniques in embedded resource-constrained and speed-limited computins platforms. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Long short-term memory

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High-throughput mutiplexed protease activity measurement using a droplet based microfluidic platform with picoinjector

High-throughput mutiplexed protease activity measurement usi...

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16th International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life sciences, MicroTAS 2012

作者： Chen, Chia-Hung Miller, Miles A. Sarkar, Aniruddh Beste, Michael T. Lauffenburger, Douglas A. Griffith, Linda G. Han, Jongyoon Department of Bioengineering National University of Singapore Singapore Department of Biological Engineering MIT United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science MIT United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780979806452

In this study, we integrated several components, including a droplet generator, a pico-injector, and an analytical inference technique, Proteolytic Activity Matrix Analysis (PrAMA), to create a platform for assessing multiple specific protease activity assays with minimal liquid handling and sample-requirement for personal medicine analysis. The microfluidic platform enables the direct measurements of protease enzyme activity, which is more physiologically informative than the standard measurements to determine the enzyme concentration alone. By tracking hundreds of picoliter droplets containing biological samples mixed with unique FRET-based protease substrates and inhibitors, the assay simultaneously infers multiple specific protease activities with minimal (

关键词： Drops

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Fabric-substrated capacitive biopotential sensors enhanced by dielectric nanoparticles

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Nano Research 2021年第9期14卷 3248-3252页

作者： Xiangjun Chen Xiaoxiang Gao Akihiro Nomoto Keren Shi Muyang Lin Hongjie Hu Yue Gu Yangzhi Zhu Zhuohong Wu Xue Chen Xinyu Wang Baiyan Qi Sai Zhou Hong Ding Sheng Xu Materials Science and Engineering Program University of California San DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA Department of NanoEngineering University of California San DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California San DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA Department of Bioengineering University of California San DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA

Wearable biopotential sensing devices are essential to long-term and real-time monitoring of human ***-contact,capacitive sensing electrodes prevent potential skin iritations,and are thus beneficial for long-term *** capacitive electrodes are either connected to a separate control circuit via external wires or have limited sensing capacitances,which leads to low signal *** study demonstrates a stretchable capacitive sensing device with integrated electrodes and control electronics,with enhanced signal *** electrodes and the control electronics are fabricated on a common fabric substrate for breathability and strain-limiting *** stretchable electrodes are based on an island-bridge design with a stretchability as high as-100%,and an area ratio as high as-80%.By using a dielectric calcium copper titanate(CCTO)composite as the adhesive layer,the electrode capacitance can be increased,yielding an enhanced signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)in the acquired *** device offers a convenient and comfortable approach for long-term non-contact monitoring of biopotential signals.

关键词： capacitive sensing biopotential stretchable calcium copper titanate(CCTO) signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)

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On-chip western blotting: In-situ renaturation of SDS-protein complexes unifies sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) sizing & blotting in one microdevice

On-chip western blotting: In-situ renaturation of SDS-protei...

引用

15th International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life sciences 2011, MicroTAS 2011

作者： Hou, Chenlu Herr, Amy E. University of California Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Berkeley United States University of California Bioengineering Berkeley United States University of California UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering Berkeley United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781618395955

Western blotting readily identifies specific proteins amidst complex biological backgrounds [1, 2]. Nevertheless, immunob-lotting suffers from tremendous labor-intensive and time-intensive requirements [3]. The slab-gel assays require 1-2 days for completion with multiple hands-on "blotting" steps and yield semi-quantitative information. Recently, our group has introduced new approaches for completing Western blotting. The microfluidic integration strategies introduced and used allow rapid results reporting, full assay automation, and limited sample consumption (1-10 uL). Our integration strategies use spatial, temporal, and spatiotemporal modulation of separation mechanisms in fully electrophoretic systems. The present study reports on recapitulation of immunoaffinity in previously sized proteins, using novel in-transit electrophoretic removal of SDS from SDS-protein complexes. Early results show both the length- and timescales for protein 'renaturation' are compatible with on-chip operation. Further, substantial binding affinity is recapitulated using this streamlined and promising approach.

关键词： Sodium dodecyl sulfate

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Identifying Materials-Level Sources of Performance Variation in Superconducting Transmon Qubits

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2025年

作者： Murthy, Akshay A. Bal, Mustafa Bedzyk, Michael J. Cansizoglu, Hilal Chan, Randall K. Chandrasekhar, Venkat Crisa, Francesco Datta, Amlan Deng, Yanpei Matute Diaz, Celeo D. Dravid, Vinayak P. Garcia-Wetten, David A. Garattoni, Sabrina Ghimire, Sunil Goronzy, Dominic P. de Graaf, Sebastian E. Haeuser, Sam Hersam, Mark C. Isheim, Dieter Joshi, Kamal Kim, Richard Kolachina, Saagar Kopas, Cameron J. Kramer, Matthew J. Lachman, Ella O. Lee, Jaeyel Lim, Peter G. Lunin, Andrei Mah, William Marshall, Jayss Mutus, Josh Y. Oh, Jin-Su Pappas, David P. Park, Joong-Mok Prozorov, Ruslan dos Reis, Roberto Seidman, David N. Sung, Zuhawn Tanatar, Makariy Walker, Mitchell J. Wang, Jigang Wu, Haotian Zhou, Lin Zhu, Shaojiang Grassellino, Anna Romanenko, Alexander BataviaIL60510 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Rigetti Computing BerkeleyCA94710 United States Ames National Laboratory AmesIA50011 United States Department of Physics & Astronomy Iowa State University AmesIA50011 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States The NUANCE Center Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States International Institute of Nanotechnology Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States National Physical Laboratory TeddingtonTW11 0LW United Kingdom Department of Chemistry Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Applied Physics Graduate Program Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Iowa State University AmesIA50011 United States

The Superconducting Materials and Systems (SQMS) Center, a DOE National Quantum Information science Research Center, has conducted a comprehensive and coordinated study using superconducting transmon qubit chips with known performance metrics to identify the underlying materials-level sources of device-to-device performance variation. Following qubit coherence measurements, these qubits of varying base superconducting metals and substrates have been examined with various nondestructive and invasive material characterization techniques at Northwestern University, Ames National Laboratory, and Fermilab as part of a blind study. We find trends in variations of the depth of the etched substrate trench, the thickness of the surface oxide, and the geometry of the sidewall, which when combined, lead to correlations with the T1 lifetime across different devices. In addition, we provide a list of features that varied from device to device, for which the impact on performance requires further studies. Finally, we identify two low-temperature characterization techniques that may potentially serve as proxy tools for qubit measurements. These insights provide materials-oriented solutions to not only reduce performance variations across neighboring devices, but also to engineer and fabricate devices with optimal geometries to achieve performance metrics beyond the state-of-the-art values. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Qubits

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The Need for Dynamic Routing in A Network Spanning Several Time Zones

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IEEE Communications Magazine 1982年第4期20卷 13-17页

作者： Chou, W. Nilsson, A.A. Bragg, A.W. Computer Science and Electrical Engineering Computer Studies Program North Carolina State University Raleigh Department of Electrical Engineerin North Carolina State University Raleigh

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