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Phase space topography and the Lyapunov exponent of electrocorticograms in partial seizures

Brain Topography 1990年第3期2卷 187-201页

作者： Iasemidis, Leonidas D. Chris Sackellares, J. Zaveri, Hitten P. Williams, William J. Bioengineering Program Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science United States Epilepsy Program Department of Neurology University of Michigan Ann Arbor 48109-0316 MI 1920 Taubman Center/0316 1500 E. Medical Center Drive United States

Electrocorticograms (ECoG's) from 16 of 68 chronically implanted subdural electrodes, placed over the right temporal cortex in a patient with a right medial temporal focus, were analyzed using methods from nonlinear dynamics. A time series provides information about a large number of pertinent variables, which may be used to explore and characterize the system's dynamics. These variables and their evolution in time produce the phase portrait of the system. The phase spaces for each of 16 electrodes were constructed and from these the largest average Lyapunov exponents (L's), measures of chaoticity of the system (the larger the L, the more chaotic the system is), were estimated over time for every electrode before, in and after the epileptic seizure for three seizures of the same patient. The start of the seizure corresponds to a simultaneous drop in L values obtained at the electrodes nearest the focus. L values for the rest of the electrodes follow. The mean values of L for all electrodes in the postictal state are larger than the ones in the preictal state, denoting a more chaotic state postictally. The lowest values of L occur during the seizure but they are still positive denoting the presence of a chaotic attractor. Based on the procedure for the estimation of L we were able to develop a methodology for detecting prominent spikes in the ECoG. These measures (L^*) calculated over a period of time (10 minutes before to 10 minutes after the seizure outburst) revealed a remarkable coherence of the abrupt transient drops of L^* for the electrodes that showed the inital ictal onset. The L^* values for the electrodes away from the focus exhibited less abrupt transient drops. These results indicate that the largest average Lyapunov exponent L can be useful in seizure detection as well as a discriminatory factor for focus localization in multielectrode analysis. © 1990 Human sciences Press, Inc.

关键词： chaos ECoG epileptogenic focus localization Lyapunov exponents partial epileptic seizures phase space

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Probabilistic multi-task feature selection

Probabilistic multi-task feature selection

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24th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems 2010, NIPS 2010

作者： Zhang, Yu Yeung, Dit-Yan Xu, Qian Department of Computer Science and Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong Bioengineering Program Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong

ISBN: (纸本)9781617823800

Recently, some variants of the l1 norm, particularly matrix norms such as the l1,2 and l 1,∞ norms, have been widely used in multi-task learning, compressed sensing and other related areas to enforce sparsity via joint regularization. In this paper, we unify the l 1,2 and l1,∞ norms by considering a family of l 1,q norms for 1 1,q norm. Based on this probabilistic interpretation, we develop a probabilistic model using the noninformative Jeffreys prior. We also extend the model to learn and exploit more general types of pairwise relationships between tasks. For both versions of the model, we devise expectation-maximization (EM) algorithms to learn all model parameters, including q, automatically. Experiments have been conducted on two cancer classification applications using microarray gene expression data.

关键词： Feature Selection

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Carbon nanostructure field emission devices

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Journal of Vacuum science and Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures 2006年第2期24卷 1008-1012页

作者： Wong, Y.M. Kang, W.P. Davidson, J.L. Soh, K.L. Choi, B.K. Hofmeister, W. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235 Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Material Science Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235 Department of Chemical Engineering Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235

The microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD) method is capable of synthesizing various forms of carbon allotropes such as diamond, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and diamondlike carbon (DLC) while varying the growth parameters or utilizing substrate coated with catalytic thin film. In this article, needlelike carbon nanostructures (CNs) were synthesized utilizing high power (5 kW) and high working pressure (120 Torr) MPCVD on a thin catalytic film of nickel with a diffusion barrier layer of titanium on a micropatterned silicon substrate. The effects of in situ doping by trimethylboron (TMB) on the morphologies and field emission properties of the CNs were also investigated. Straight, needlelike CNs with random orientation were obtained for 15 min growth time with or without TMB doping. However, the CNs appear to transform into diamondlike nanocrystals after prolonged growth of 30 min with TMB doping. Unlike MPCVD grown CNTs, it was found that the CNs have strong adhesion to the substrate and could withstand postgrowth processing such as ultrasonic agitation cleaning in solvents. Field emission tests performed show that in situ TMB doping of the patterned needlelike CNs lowers the turn-on field of the cathode. A vacuum field emission triode with self-aligned gate utilizing CNs as the field emitter is also fabricated. © 2006 American Vacuum Society.

关键词： Carbon nanotubes

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Compact Model Build Upon Dynamic Weighting Artificial Neural Network Approach for Complementary Field Effect Transistors

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IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 2024年第1期71卷 246-253页

作者： Butola, Rajat Li, Yiming Kola, Sekhar Reddy National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Parallel and Scientific Computing Laboratory Electrical Engineering and Computer Science International Graduate Program Hsinchu300093 Taiwan Institute of Pioneer Semiconductor Innovation The Institute of Artificial Intelligence Innovation National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Parallel and Scientific Computing Laboratory Electrical Engineering and Computer Science International Graduate Program The Institute of Communications Engineering the Institute of Biomedical Engineering Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering Hsinchu300093 Taiwan

In this work, a dynamic weighting-artificial neural network (DW-ANN) methodology is presented for quick and automated compact model (CM) generation. It takes advantage of both TCAD simulations for high accuracy and SPICE simulations for cost-effectiveness. This methodology is developed for gate-all-around (GAA) silicon (Si) nanosheet (NS) complementary field effect transistor (CFET), a potential candidate for future CMOS technology due to its innate properties. The critical process variation (PV) sources that severely degrade the CFET performance are estimated using DW-ANN. It reduces the computation cost and predicts the effects of PV sources with less than 1% error. Furthermore, a compact DW-ANN-based Verilog-A model has been developed that captures the dc as well as transient behavior accurately for circuit-level analysis. CFET-based circuits such as inverter, 6T-static random access memory (SRAM), and ring oscillator (RO) are characterized and implemented using DW-ANN-based CM. The overall average error of the model is reported as less than 2%. Therefore, the proposed device and circuit modeling approach provides a feasible solution for the rapid compact modeling of new emerging devices with good convergence and high accuracy. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Neural networks

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Surface phase diagram of CsSnI3 from first-principles calculations

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Physical Review Materials 2024年第9期8卷 093401页

作者： Kejia Li Chadawan Khamdang Mengen Wang Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Materials Science and Engineering Program

CsSnI3 is widely studied as an environmentally friendly Pb-free perovskite material for optoelectronic device applications. To further improve material and device performance, it is important to understand the surface structures of CsSnI3. We generate surface structures with various stoichiometries, perform density functional theory calculations to create phase diagrams of the CsSnI3 (001), (110), and (100) surfaces, and determine the most stable surfaces under a wide range of Cs, Sn, and I chemical potentials. Under I-rich conditions, surfaces with Cs vacancies are stable, which lead to partially occupied surface states above the valence band maximum. Under I-poor conditions, we find the stoichiometric (100) surface to be stable under a wide region of the phase diagram, which does not have any surface states and can contribute to long charge-carrier lifetimes. Consequently, the I-poor (Sn-rich) conditions will be more beneficial to improve the device performance.

关键词： Electronic structure Surface reconstruction Surface states Perovskites Semiconductors Density functional theory

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Non-orthogonal Gabor representation of biological signals

Non-orthogonal Gabor representation of biological signals

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Proceedings of the 1994 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing. Part 2 (of 6)

作者： Brown, Mark L. Williams, William J. Hero, Alfred O. Bioengineering Program University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States

A new technique for modelling biological signals as a linear combination of non-orthogonal Gabor logons is described. The technique has been applied to two types of signals, Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) clicks. Examination of time-frequency representations of these signals revealed that they appear to consist of a small number of localized energy concentrations. Attempts to capture this apparent low dimensionality with the standard orthogonal Gabor expansion and the standard wavelet transform were unsuccessful. However, the non-orthogonal Gabor decomposition method described in this paper provides a compact, accurate signal representation and the parameters provide a good basis for ERP category and TMJ click classification. © 1994 IEEE

关键词： Wavelet transforms

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Comparative study of back surface field contact formation using different lamp configurations in rapid thermal processing

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Journal of Vacuum science & Technology B: Microelectronics Processing and Phenomena 1998年第2期16卷 613-613页

作者： Singh, R. Vedagarbha, V. Nimmagadda, S.V. Narayanan, S. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Program Clemson University Clemson South Carolina 29631-0915 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Clemson University Clemson South Carolina 29631-0915 Solarex Corporation 630 Solarex Court Frederick Maryland 21701

In this article, we have studied the role of photoeffects in the formation of aluminum back surface field (BSF) contacts on p-type silicon wafers by using different lamp configurations in rapid thermal processing (RTP). Use of photons of wavelengths less than 800 nm in conjunction with infrared and visible photons in RTP resulted in the reduction of processing time from 202 to 138 s and the processing temperature from 890 to 850 °C. The reduction in the overall thermal budget used for BSF contact formation is a direct result of photon assisted RTP. The availability of a large number of high energy photons on the metal surface also resulted in improved electrical, structural and mechanical properties of the processed device.

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High Speed, High Resolution Capable Optical Delay Une for Imaging Transient Blologlcal Function with Optical Coherence Tomography

High Speed, High Resolution Capable Optical Delay Une for Im...

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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2002

作者： Reynolds, J. Joshua Marks, Daniel L. Schaefer, Alex W. Boppart, Stephen A. Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign United States Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringBioengineering College of Medicine UIUC United States

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Super-Resolution Displacement Spectroscopic Sensing over a Surface“Rainbow”

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engineering 2022年第10期17卷 75-81页

作者： Lyu Zhou Nan Zhang Chang Chieh Hsu Matthew Singer Xie Zeng Yizheng Li Haomin Song Josep Jornet Yun Wu Qiaoqiang Gan Department of Electrical Engineering The State University of New York at BuffaloBuffaloNY 14260USA Department of Biomedical Engineering The State University of New York at BuffaloBuffaloNY 14260USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Northeastern UniversityBostonMA 02115USA Material Science Engineering Program King Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwal 23955-6900Saudi Arabia

Subwavelength manipulation of light waves with high precision can enable new and exciting applications in spectroscopy,sensing,and medical *** these applications,miniaturized spectrometers are desirable to enable the on-chip analysis of spectral *** particular,for imaging-based spectroscopic sensing mechanisms,the key challenge is to determine the spatial-shift information accurately(i.e.,the spatial displacement introduced by wavelength shift or biological or chemical surface binding),which is similar to the challenge presented by super-resolution ***,we report a unique"rainbow"trapping metasurface for on-chip spectrometers and *** with super-resolution image processing,the low-setting 4×optical microscope system resolves a displacement of the resonant position within 35 nm on the plasmonic rainbow trapping metasurface with a tiny area as small as0.002 *** unique feature of the spatial manipulation of efficiently coupled rainbow plasmonic resonances reveals a new platform for miniaturized on-chip spectroscopic analysis with a spectral resolution of 0.032 nm in wavelength *** this low-setting 4×microscope imaging system,we demonstrate a biosensing resolution of 1.92×109exosomes per milliliter for A549-derived exosomes and distinguish between patient samples and healthy controls using exosomal epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)expression values,thereby demonstrating a new on-chip sensing system for personalized accurate bio/chemical sensing applications.

关键词： Rainbow trapping Metasurface Surface plasmon polaritons Super-resolution displacement On-chip biosensing

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Multiple-view geometry for image-based modeling 04

Multiple-view geometry for image-based modeling

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International Conference on computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques, SIGGRAPH 2004

作者： Košecká, Jana Ma, Yi Soatto, Stefano Vidal, René Computer Science Department George Mason University United States Electrical and Computer Engineering Department UIUC United States Computer Science Department UCLA United States Bioengineering Department John Hopkins University United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781450378017

This course presents the state of the art in multiple-view geometry, including methods and algorithms for reconstructing 3-D geometric models of scenes from video or photographs. This course is based on a novel approach to multiple-view geometry that only requires linear algebra, as opposed to more involved projective and algebraic geometry that most current methods employ. This new approach aims to make image-based modeling techniques accessible to a larger audience compared to existing ones. The presentations will be based on a recent Springer-Verlag textbook on 3D vision (coauthored by the course organizers). Matlab code for the algorithms will be made available at the book website.

关键词： Linear algebra

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