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2013 6th IEEE Conference on Robotics, Automation and Mechatronics, RAM 2013

作者： Nguyen, Vo Nhat Yu, Haoyong Department of Electrical Engineering School of Computer Science National University of Singapore Block 4 Engineering Drive 3 Singapore 117576 Singapore Department of Bioengineering National University of Singapore Block EA 9 Engineering Drive 1 Singapore 117576 Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)9781479911998

Posture detection using Inertia Measurement Unit (IMU) has recently attracted great interests in healthcare research community. However, very few studies focus on the applications of this technology in the care of inpatients. This specific group of users, who are moderately to severely ill, have a distinct set of postures and activities that require special attentions and continuous monitoring from clinicians. In this paper, we present a novel methodology for automatic detection of postures for hospitalized patients using two wearable IMU sensors, with tri-axial accelerometers, attached at the chest and the abdomen respectively. The data were collected from participants who were carefully instructed to perform activities and attain postures that simulate those of hospitalized patients in real life. From the data retrieved, we performed orientation analysis for acceleration vectors and transition analysis for transitional activities between various postures. Both rule-based detection and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for transition recognition achieved high accuracy. The results also showed that a combination of orientation and transition study could enhance the robustness of the detection algorithm. Due to its efficiency and simplicity, the proposed method could find its way into many applications that aim to improve the current state of inpatient healthcare. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Neural networks

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Multi-photon implementation of three-stage quantum cryptography protocol

Multi-photon implementation of three-stage quantum cryptogra...

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27th International Conference on Information Networking, ICOIN 2013

作者： Mandal, Sayonnha MacDonald, Gregory Rifai, Mayssaa El Punekar, Nikhil Zamani, Farnaz Chen, Yuhua Kak, Subhash Verma, Pramode K. Huck, Robert C. Sluss, James Telecommunications Engineering Program School of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Oklahoma-Tulsa Tulsa OK 74135 United States Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Houston Houston TX 77204 United States Department of Computer Science Oklahoma State University Stillwater OK 74078 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781467357401

The paper presents the implementation of a quantum cryptography protocol for secure communication. As computing power increases, classical cryptography and key management schemes based on computational complexity become increasingly susceptible to brute force and cryptanalytic attacks. Current implementations of quantum cryptography are based on the BB84 protocol, which is susceptible to siphoning attacks on the multiple photons emitted by practical laser sources. The three-stage protocol, whose implementation is described in this paper, is a departure from conventional practice and it obviates some of the known vulnerabilities of the current implementations of quantum cryptography. This paper presents an implementation of the three-stage quantum communication protocol in free-space. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first implementation of a quantum protocol where multiple photons can be used for secure communication. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Quantum cryptography

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Multi-photon tolerant secure quantum communication - From theory to practice

Multi-photon tolerant secure quantum communication - From th...

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2013 IEEE International Conference on Communications, ICC 2013

作者： Chen, Yuhua Kak, Subhash Verma, Pramode K. Macdonald, Gregory Rifai, Mayssaa El Punekar, Nikhil Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Houston Houston TX 77204 United States Department of Computer Science Oklahoma State University Stillwater OK 74078 United States Telecommunications Engineering Program School of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Oklahoma-Tulsa Tulsa OK 74135 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781467331227

Contemporary implementations of Quantum Key Distribution are based on BB84, first proposed in 1984, and commercially implemented for limited market applications in the early 2000s. A major limitation of BB84 is that it requires no more than a single photon per time slot. But no device can reliably generate single photons with guaranteed periodicity. In this paper, we address the practical issues of realizing quantum cryptography systems. In particular, we address the major shortcomings of quantum cryptography as practiced today - the limitation of requiring a single photon to be used in communication. This not only affects the security of the practical quantum cryptography systems, but also restricts the distance over which secure keys can be sent and their rate. Our approach is not limited to a single photon per time-slot thus making it possible to send keys faster and over longer distances. The paper discusses the innate nature of multi-photon communication protocols as a surrogate for quantum communication while giving it a cryptographic strength that would closely match that of a pure quantum communication system. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Quantum cryptography

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Towards real-time communication between in vivo neurophysiological data sources and simulator-based brain biomimetic models

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Journal of computational surgery 2014年第12期3卷 1-23页

作者： Giljae Lee Andréa Matsunaga Salvador Dura-Bernal Wenjie Zhang William W Lytton Joseph T Francis José Ab Fortes Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Florida P.O. Box 116200 216 Larsen Hall Gainesville 32611 FL USA. Department of Physiology and Pharmacology State University of New York Downstate Medical Center 450 Clarkson Avenue Brooklyn 11203 NY USA. Department of Physiology and Pharmacology State University of New York Downstate Medical Center 450 Clarkson Avenue Brooklyn 11203 NY USA Department of Neurology State University New York Downstate Medical Center 450 Clarkson Avenue Brooklyn 11203 NY USA Department of Neurology Kings County Hospital 450 Clarkson Avenue Brooklyn 11203 NY USA Joint Program in Biomedical Engineering at Polytechnic Institute of New York University and State University of New York Downstate 450 Clarkson Avenue Brooklyn 11203 NY USA Program in Neural and Behavioral Science at State University of New York Downstate 450 Clarkson Avenue Brooklyn NY 11203 USA The Robert F. Furchgott Center for Neural & Behavioral Science State University of New York Downstate Medical Center 450 Clarkson Avenue Brooklyn NY 11203 USA. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Florida P.O. Box 116200 216 Larsen Hall Gainesville 32611 FL USA Department of Computer and Information Science and Engineering University of Florida P.O. Box 116120 E301 CSE Building Gainesville 32611 FL USA.

Development of more sophisticated implantable brain-machine interface (BMI) will require both interpretation of the neurophysiological data being measured and subsequent determination of signals to be delivered back to the brain. Computational models are the heart of the machine of BMI and therefore an essential tool in both of these processes. One approach is to utilize brain biomimetic models (BMMs) to develop and instantiate these algorithms. These then must be connected as hybrid systems in order to interface the BMM with data acquisition devices and prosthetic devices. The combined system then provides a test bed for neuroprosthetic rehabilitative solutions and medical devices for the repair and enhancement of damaged brain. We propose here a computer network-based design for this purpose, detailing its internal modules and data flows. We describe a prototype implementation of the design, enabling interaction between the Plexon Multichannel Acquisition Processor (MAP) server, a commercial tool to collect signals from microelectrodes implanted in a live subject and a BMM, a NEURON-based model of sensorimotor cortex capable of controlling a virtual arm. The prototype implementation supports an online mode for real-time simulations, as well as an offline mode for data analysis and simulations without real-time constraints, and provides binning operations to discretize continuous input to the BMM and filtering operations for dealing with noise. Evaluation demonstrated that the implementation successfully delivered monkey spiking activity to the BMM through LAN environments, respecting real-time constraints.

关键词： Biomimetic models Brain-machine interfaces Computational neuroscience Neuroprosthetics

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Measurement of capacitance and electrical potential of plural points for estimation of permittivity distribution

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IEEJ Transactions on Fundamentals and Materials 2013年第4期133卷 173-179+5页

作者： Okada, Shota Ohchi, Masashi Furukawa, Tatsuya Itoh, Hideaki Fukumoto, Hisao Master's Program in Electrical Graduate School of Engineering Chiba Institute of Technology 2-17-1 Tudanuma Narashino 275-0016 Japan Department of Electrical Electronics and Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering Chiba Institute of Technology 2-17-1 Tudanuma Narashino 275-0016 Japan Graduate School of Science and Engineering Saga University 1 Honjo-machi Saga 840-8502 Japan

Recently, a method for estimating permittivity distributions was reported. The method combined a numerical technique (Finite Element Method) with Genetic Algorithm (GA). However, methods for estimating the distribution of permittivity have not yet been established. The purpose of this study is to obtain experimental data in order to improve the estimation method. We measured capacitance and electrical potential of plural points when an acrylic rod is placed in various positions within a measurement system. © 2013 The Institute of electrical Engineers of Japan.

关键词： Capacitance

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85 dB dynamic range 1.2 mW 156 kS/s biopotential recording IC for high-density ECoG flexible active electrode array

85 dB dynamic range 1.2 mW 156 kS/s biopotential recording I...

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39th European Solid-State Circuits Conference, ESSCIRC 2013

作者： Ha, Sohmyung Park, Jongkil Chi, Yu M. Viventi, Jonathan Rogers, John Cauwenberghs, Gert Departments of Bioengineering and Electrical and Computer Engineering UC San Diego San Diego CA United States Cognionics Inc. San Diego CA United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Polytechnic Institute New York University Brooklyn NY United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781479906437

We present the design, implementation, and experimental characterization of a low-noise low-power biopotential recording integrated circuit (IC) in support of a fully implantable, high-density, actively multiplexed and flexible 32×32 electrode array for electrocorticography (ECoG) neural recording. Each ECoG recording IC contains an 8-channel ADC, each serving one column and multiplexing up to 32 rows in the external ECoG array. Each column ADC converts signal coarsely by 10-bit successive approximation (SA), and performs fine conversion of the residue by 7-bit 1st order incremental delta-sigma (ΔΣ) conversion. One bit of overlap between SA and ΔΣ stages supports wide dynamic range with an instantaneous core range of 3.9 mV, sufficiently larger than typical ECoG signals, while handling electrochemical and process variations in the ECoG electrode array up to ±1 V. Tests show a measured dynamic range of 85 dB and CMRR of 87 dB at 19.5 kS/s and at 19.4 μA from 3.3 V per ADC channel. The 8-channel IC occupies 18 mm2 in 0.6 μm 2P3M CMOS. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Timing circuits

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A reconfigurable ray-tracing Multi-Processor SoC with hardware replication-aware instruction set extension

A reconfigurable ray-tracing Multi-Processor SoC with hardwa...

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13th International Conference on Algorithms and Architectures for Parallel Processing, ICA3PP 2013

作者： Nery, Alexandre S. Nedjah, Nadia França, Felipe M.G. Jozwiak, Lech Corporaal, Henk LAM - Computer Architecture and Microeletronics Laboratory Systems Engineering and Computer Science Program COPPE Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Brazil Department of Electronics Engineering and Telecommunications Faculty of Engineering State University of Rio de Janeiro Brazil Department of Electrical Engineering - Electronic Systems Eindhoven University of Technology Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9783319038582

Application code and processor parallelization, together with instruction set customization, are the most common and effective ways to enhance the performance and efficiency of application-specific processors (ASIPs). Both the effective code parallelization and data/task parallelism exploitation, as well as effective instruction set customization, enable an ASIP to achieve a significant performance improvement using limited extra hardware resources. However, a naive parallelization or instruction set customization may not result in the required performance improvement, leading to a waste of computing and energy resources. Therefore, when performing parallelization or custom instruction selection, complex tradeoffs between processing speed, circuit area and power consumption must be closely observed. In this paper, we propose and discuss an efficient ASIP-based Multi-Processor System-on-a-Chip (MPSoC) design for ray-tracing, exploiting application parallelism and hardware replication-aware instruction set customization. Without hardware sharing among the custom instructions units, the proposed parallel ray-tracer MPSoC design with custom instructions achieves 77% speed up in comparison to a single microprocessor design with the default instruction set. However, with the replication-aware instruction set customization, the speed up increases to 81%. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2013.

关键词： Integrated circuit design

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SEGMENTATION AND CORRELATION OF OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY AND X-RAY IMAGES FOR BREAST CANCER DIAGNOSTICS

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health sciences 2013年第2期6卷 71-81页

作者： JONATHAN G.SUN STEVEN G.ADIE ERIC J.CHANEY STEPHEN A.BOPPART Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology 405 North Mathews Avenue UrbanaIllinois 61801USA Department of Bioengineering Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology 405 North Mathews Avenue UrbanaIllinois 61801USA Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Internal Medicine University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIllinoisUSA

Pre-operative X ray mammography and int raoperative X-ray specimen radiography are routinely used to identify breast cancer *** advances in optical coherence tomography(OCT)have enabled its 1use for the intraoperative assessment of surgical margins during breast cancer *** each modality offers distinct contrast of normal and pathological features,there is an essential need to correlate image based features between the two modalities to take adv antage of the diagnostic capabilities of each *** compare OCT to X-ray images of resected human breast tissue and correlate different tissue features between modalities for future use in real-tine intraoperative OCT imaging.X ray imaging(specimen radiography)is currently used during surgical breast cancer procedures to verify tumor margins,but cannot image tissue in *** has the potential to solve this problem by providing intrao-perative imaging of the resected specimen as well as the in situ tumor *** and micro-CT(X-ray)images are automatically segmented using different computational approaches,and quantitatively compared to determine the ability of these algorithms to automat ically differentiate regions of adipose tissue from ***,two-dimensional(2D)and three-dimensional(3D)results are *** correlations,combined with real-time intraoperative OCT,have the potential to identify possible regions of tumor within breast tissue which correlate to tumor regions identified previously on X-ray imaging(mammography or specimen radiography).

关键词： Optical imaging mammography specimen radiography segmentation breast cancer intraoperative imaging

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Second-harmonic double-resonance cones in dispersive hyperbolic metamaterials

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Physical Review B 2014年第7期89卷 075123-075123页

作者： Domenico de Ceglia Maria Antonietta Vincenti Salvatore Campione Filippo Capolino Joseph W. Haus Michael Scalora National Research Council–AMRDEC Charles M. Bowden Research Laboratory Redstone Arsenal Alabama 35898 USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of California Irvine California 92697 USA Electro-Optics Program University of Dayton 300 College Park Dayton Ohio 45469 USA Charles M. Bowden Research Laboratory AMRDEC U.S. Army RDECOM Redstone Arsenal Alabama 35898 USA

We study the formation of second-harmonic double-resonance cones in hyperbolic metamaterials. An electric dipole on the surface of the structure induces second-harmonic light to propagate into two distinct volume plasmon-polariton channels: a signal that propagates within its own peculiar resonance cone and a phase-locked signal that is trapped under the pump's resonance cone. Metamaterial dispersion and birefringence induce a large angular divergence between the two volume plasmon polaritons, making these structures suitable for subwavelength second- and higher-harmonic imaging microscopy.

关键词： HARMONICS (Electric waves) DISPERSION (Atmospheric chemistry) HYPERBOLIC processes PLASMONS (Physics) POLARITONS

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Topological Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystals with Bulk Nematic Defect Lines Pinned to Handlebody Surfaces

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Physical Review Letters 2014年第19期112卷 197801-197801页

作者： Michael G. Campbell Mykola Tasinkevych Ivan I. Smalyukh Department of Physics University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA Liquid Crystal Materials Research Center University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA Max-Planck-Institut für Intelligente Systeme Heisenbergstraße 3 D-70569 Stuttgart Germany Institut für Theoretische Physik IV Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 57 D-70569 Stuttgart Germany Department of Electrical Computer and Energy Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute National Renewable Energy Laboratory and University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA

Polymer dispersed liquid crystals are a useful model system for studying the relationship between surface topology and defect structures. They are comprised of a polymer matrix with suspended spherical nematic drops and are topologically constrained to host defects of an elementary hedgehog charge per droplet, such as bulk or surface point defects or closed disclination loops. We control the genus of the closed surfaces confining such micrometer-sized nematic drops with tangential boundary conditions for molecular alignment imposed by the polymer matrix, allowing us to avoid defects or, on the contrary, to generate them in a controlled way. We show, both experimentally and through numerical modeling, that topological constraints in nematic microdrops can be satisfied by hosting topologically stable half-integer bulk defect lines anchored to opposite sides of handlebody surfaces. This enriches the interplay of topologies of closed surfaces and fields with nonpolar symmetry, yielding new unexpected configurations that cannot be realized in vector fields, having potential implications for topologically similar defects in cosmology and other fields.

关键词： NEMATIC liquid crystals RESEARCH POLYMERS -- Research HANDLEBODIES SURFACES (Technology) -- Defects PHYSICS research

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