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2012 MRS Fall Meeting

作者： Noiseau, Guillaume Becker, Michael F. Keto, John W. Kovar, Desiderio Materials Science and Engineering Graduate Program University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712-1591 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Texas Austin TX United States Department of Physics University of Texas Austin TX United States Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Texas Austin TX United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781632661067

Porous, nanostructured silver samples were produced using a direct-write method where a nanoparticle aerosol consisting of particles with a mean size of approximately 5 nm were accelerated to speeds of approximately 1000 m/sec and impacted onto a translating substrate [1]. The impacting particles have sufficient energy to stick to the substrate, allowing patterned thick films to be directly written from the aerosol without a mask. Unlike other low temperature processing routes for achieving patterned films, no organics are added that can interfere with post-deposition processing. Typical films are 5-100 μm thick, up to several centimeters long, and have an as-deposited relative densities as high as 70% of bulk Ag. Compression tests were carried out in steps at room temperature and at 150°C under constant displacement rates. Local strain and densification were measured by optical profilometry between each compression step. The results can be used as a starting point to better understand the mechanisms that govern plasticity, creep, and sintering in nanostructured, porous silver at low processing temperatures. © 2013 Materials Research Society.

关键词： Room temperature

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Rapid spectral domain multiplex localization

Rapid spectral domain multiplex localization

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Computational Optical Sensing and Imaging, COSI 2013

作者： Dijk, Thomas van Mayerich, David Bhargava, Rohit Scott Carney, P. Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign United States Department of Bioengineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 405 N Mathews Ave Urbana Il 61801 United States

We present a method to dynamically image structures at nanometer spatial resolution with far-field instruments. We propose the use of engineered nanoprobes with distinguishable spectral responses and the measurement o... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781557529756

关键词： Coherent scattering

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Fast electrical Control of Single Electron Spins in Quantum Dots with Vanishing Influence from Nuclear Spins

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Physical Review Letters 2014年第26期113卷 267601-267601页

作者： J. Yoneda T. Otsuka T. Nakajima T. Takakura T. Obata M. Pioro-Ladrière H. Lu C. J. Palmstrøm A. C. Gossard S. Tarucha Department of Applied Physics University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science Hirosawa 2-1 Wako-shi Saitama 351-0198 Japan Département de Physique Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke Québec J1K 2R1 Canada CIFAR Program in Quantum Information Science Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR) Toronto Ontario M5G 1Z8 Canada Materials Department University of California Santa Barbara California 93106 USA Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Santa Barbara California 93106 USA

We demonstrate fast universal electrical spin manipulation with inhomogeneous magnetic fields. With fast Rabi frequency up to 127 MHz, we leave the conventional regime of strong nuclear-spin influence and observe a spin-flip fidelity >96%, a distinct chevron Rabi pattern in the spectral-time domain, and a spin resonance linewidth limited by the Rabi frequency, not by the dephasing rate. In addition, we establish fast z rotations up to 54 MHz by directly controlling the spin phase. Our findings will significantly facilitate tomography and error correction with electron spins in quantum dots.

关键词： ELECTRON spin NUCLEAR spin NUCLEAR magnetic resonance MAGNETIC fields QUANTUM dots

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Branched Nanowire Heterostructures for Efficient and Durable Solar-Driven Hydrogen Production

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ECS Meeting Abstracts 2014年第17期MA2014-01卷

作者： Alireza Kargar Sung Joo Kim Chulmin Choi Paniz Allameh Huisu Jeong Gun Young Jung Sungho Jin Xiaoqing Pan Deli Wang University of California - San Diego Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor Materials Science and Engineering Program University of California-San Diego Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California-San Diego School of Materials Science and Engineering Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology Qualcomm Institute (QI) University of California-San Diego

Branched nanowire (NW) heterostructures have recently been attracted considerable attention for solar water splitting and clean hydrogen production due to their unique properties such as nanoscale integration of different functional materials, greatly enhanced junction and surface area, enhanced gas evolution efficiency, broadband light absorption, etc. Moreover, branched NWs can be fabricated using facile and scalable fabrication methods such as hydrothermal or solvothermal growth methods. In this presentation, we show branched NWs of different compositions for core (or trunk) and branch NWs which were fabricated with facile and low-cost synthesis methods using cheap, non-toxic, and earth abundant materials including Si, CuO, Cu2O, ZnO, TiO2, and Fe2O3. The branched NW structures and the heterostructures' interfaces are investigated in detail using different characterization techniques such as SEM/HRSEM, TEM/HRTEM, STEM/HRSETM, etc. The photoelectrochemical (PEC) performances including photocurrent turn-on potential, photocurrent, solar conversion efficiency, and incident photon-to-current efficiency (IPCE) are studied systematically and optimized, based on different core and branch NW dimensions, for each specific branched NW heterostructure to provide efficient water splitting in a neutral medium. The electrode stability of different branched NWs is also investigated and long-term stability of over one day or several hours using a thin passivation layer or robust branched NWs are presented. The achieved results pave the way for accomplishing spontaneous overall solar water splitting for clean, efficient, cost-effective and durable solar hydrogen generation at large scales.

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Circulating tumor cell (CTC) enrichment: Ultra high throughput processing of clinically relevant blood volumes using a multiplexed spiral biochip

Circulating tumor cell (CTC) enrichment: Ultra high throughp...

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17th International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life sciences, MicroTAS 2013

作者： Warkiani, M.E. Khoo, B.L. Tan, D.S.W. Bhagat, A.A.S. Lim, W.T. Han, J. Lim, C.T. Centre Singapore Singapore Mechanobiology Institute National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore Department of Medical Oncology National Cancer Centre Singapore Singapore Singapore ClearbridgeBioMedics Pte Ltd Singapore Singapore Department of Bioengineering National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department of Biological Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781632666246

Detection and characterization of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from minimally invasive "liquid biopsy" provides critical insights into tumor biology and is critical for companion diagnostics and care. Here, we present a multiplexed spiral biochip for ultra-high throughput isolation of CTCs using inertial microfluidics to realize a single step label-free enrichment process. This device is capable of efficient cell separation of clinically relevant blood volumes in a short period of time (7.5 mL blood in 35 min). CTCs were successfully detected and isolated from 100% (50/50) blood samples collected from patients with advanced stage metastatic breast and lung cancer. They were identified under immunofluorescence assays (cytokeratin positive), as well as molecular probes (EGFR or HER2 positive). CTC recovery rate ranges from 3-1535 CTCs/mL and obtained under high purity (1 CTC for every 30-100 white blood cells detected). Retrieved cells are unlabelled and hence more viable for propagation, drug development and other downstream analysis.

关键词： Biochips

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Tracking chronically recorded single-units in cortically controlled brain machine interfaces

Tracking chronically recorded single-units in cortically con...

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International IEEE/EMBS Conference on Neural engineering, CNE

作者： Ahmed Eleryan Mukta Vaidya Joshua Southerland Islam Badreldin Karthikeyan Balasubramanian Andrew Fagg Nicholas Hatsopoulos Karim Oweiss Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Michigan State University MI USA Committee of Computational Neuroscience University of Chicago IL USA Department of Computer Science and Bioengineering University of Oklahoma OK USA Cognitive Science Program Michigan State University MI USA

Multiple single-units recorded from chronically-implanted microelectrode arrays frequently exhibit variability in their spike waveform features and firing characteristics, making it challenging to ascertain the identity of recorded neurons across days. In this study, we present a fast and efficient algorithm that tracks multiple single-units, recorded in a nonhuman primate performing brain control of a robotic arm, across days based on features extracted from units' average waveforms. Furthermore, the algorithm does not require long recording duration to perform the analysis and can be applied at the start of each recording session without requiring the subject to be engaged in a behavioral task. The algorithm achieves a classification accuracy of up to 92% compared to experts' manual tracking.

关键词： Feature extraction Support vector machines Training Neurons Measurement Educational institutions Niobium

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A Bio-inspired Distributed Approach for Searching Underwater Acoustic Source using a team of AUVs

A Bio-inspired Distributed Approach for Searching Underwater...

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Oceans 2013 - Norway

作者： Mansoor Shaukat Mandar Chitre Sim Heng Ong NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences & Engineering National University of Singapore Acoustics Research Lab Tropical Marine Science Institute and Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Department of Bioengineering and Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering National University of Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)9781479900022

We present a bio-inspired distributed algorithm which is a fusion of two distinct animal behaviours to solve three different underwater search missions. One of the two constituent control modules is called target-drive which models the hypothesized behaviour of a fish-larva searching for a coral reef using acoustic cues. Target-drive helps a single Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) to adjust its heading towards the acoustic source. The other control module called group-cohesion, mimics movements of a golden shiner (Notemigonus crysoleucas) in a school of fish. The proposed approach only relies on implicit communication and achieves target convergence only by assuming a single on-board hydrophone and location estimate of AUV's neighbours. The effects of varying key parameters such as group-size and neighbourhood-radius on convergence times have been thoroughly investigated. We present a preliminary analysis of the algorithm's performance which shows promise in solving problems employing small teams of AUVs in terms of convergence times and non-existent inter-agent communication.

关键词： Autonomous underwater vehicles control module acoustic radiators Notemigonus crysoleucas Underwater Teams distributed algorithms Problem solving coral reef Converge critical parameter Taxonomy Heading

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Segmentation and correlation of optical coherence tomography and X-ray images for breast cancer diagnostics

Segmentation and correlation of optical coherence tomography...

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作者： Sun, Jonathan G. Adie, Steven G. Chaney, Eric J. Boppart, Stephen A. Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology 405 North Mathews Avenue Urbana IL 61801 United States Department of Bioengineering Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology 405 North Mathews Avenue Urbana IL 61801 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Internal Medicine University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL United States

Pre-operative X-ray mammography and intraoperative X-ray specimen radiography are routinely used to identify breast cancer pathology. Recent advances in optical coherence tomography (OCT) have enabled its use for the intraoperative assessment of surgical margins during breast cancer surgery. While each modality offers distinct contrast of normal and pathological features, there is an essential need to correlate image-based features between the two modalities to take advantage of the diagnostic capabilities of each technique. We compare OCT to X-ray images of resected human breast tissue and correlate different tissue features between modalities for future use in real-time intraoperative OCT imaging. X-ray imaging (specimen radiography) is currently used during surgical breast cancer procedures to verify tumor margins, but cannot image tissue in situ. OCT has the potential to solve this problem by providing intraoperative imaging of the resected specimen as well as the in situ tumor cavity. OCT and micro-CT (X-ray) images are automatically segmented using different computational approaches, and quantitatively compared to determine the ability of these algorithms to automatically differentiate regions of adipose tissue from tumor. Furthermore, two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) results are compared. These correlations, combined with real-time intraoperative OCT, have the potential to identify possible regions of tumor within breast tissue which correlate to tumor regions identified previously on X-ray imaging (mammography or specimen radiography). © The Authors.

关键词： Tumors

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High throughput circulating tumor cell isolation using trapezoidal inertial microfluidics

High throughput circulating tumor cell isolation using trape...

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17th International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life sciences, MicroTAS 2013

作者： Guan, Guofeng Warkiani, Majid Ebrahimi Luan, Khoo Bee Lim, Chwee Teek Chen, Peter C. Y. Han, Jongyoon BioSystems and Micromechanics IRG Singapore Singapore Department of Mechanical Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore Mechanobiology Institute National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore Department of Bioengineering National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore Department of Biological Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology United States Clearhridge Bio Medics Pte Ltd Singapore Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)9781632666246

A novel Dean coupled inertial microfluidic device with trapezoidal cross-section spiral channel for ultra-fast, label- free enrichment of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from clinically relevant blood volumes is reported in this work. Using this single spiral microchannel with one inlet and two outlets, we have successfully isolated and recovered more than 80% of cancer cell line cells spiked in 7.5 mL of blood within 8 min with high purity. Putative CTCs were detected and isolated from 100% patient samples with advanced stage metastatic breast and lung cancer using standard biomarkers. DNA fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) was also carried out to evaluate HER2 status in CTCs isolated from patient samples. Copyright © (2013) by the Chemical and Biological Microsystems Society All rights reserved.

关键词： Cell culture

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Dynamic method of optical coherence elastography in determining viscoelasticity of polymers and tissues

Dynamic method of optical coherence elastography in determin...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society

作者： Yue Wang Nathan D. Shemonski Steven G. Adie Stephen A. Boppart Michael F. Insana Department of Bioengineering and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Department of Bioengineering Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

ISBN: (纸本)9781457702150

In this paper, we report on a novel quantitative elastography technique that combines optical coherence tomography (OCT) with acoustic radiation force (ARF) excitation to estimate the complex modulus. Sinusoidally modulated ARF excitations between 200 - 4000 Hz generate a surface wave at the tissue surface that can be related to bulk viscoelastic (VE) properties in a manner that is both precise and quantitative. This method is very well suited to studying media at high spatial resolution and over a very broad range of force frequencies. Mechanical characterization was calibrated using hydropolymers before studying liver samples. Fresh porcine liver samples were measured over time with and without formalin fixation. These data were used to evaluate the utility of the Kelvin-Voigt rheological model commonly used to fit dispersion data when estimating modulus values. We also investigated use of square-wave force excitation to measure the step response of tissues.

关键词： dynamic method Coherence optical optical coherence tomography Step response Elasticity Imaging Techniques surface waves polymers Excitation viscoelasticity Force

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