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Enhanced Detection of Cardiovascular Biomarker Proteins: A Detailed Study of Nanoconfinement in Nanoporous Membrane

MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) 2012年第1期1355卷 mrss12-1355-jj09-15-mrss12-1355-jj09-15页

作者： Savindra Brandigampala Paige Feikert Krishna Vattipalli Shalini Prasad Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Wichita State University 1845 Fairmount St Wichita KS 67260 U.S.A. Bio-Engineering Program College of Engineering Wichita State University 1845 Fairmount St Wichita KS 67260 U.S.A.

The goal of this work is to understand the role of nano-confinement in designing an inexpensive and user friendly ‘point- of- care’ (POC) protein biosensor. We used printed circuit board based gold chips and integrated them with nanoporous alumina membranes in generating high density arrays of nano scale confined spaces. We initially tested the role of a nanomembrane in achieving signal enhancement through size based confinement of proteins. As a later part of the experiment, we studied the role of pore size on achieving signal enhancement by using membranes of two different pore sizes of 100 and 200 nm. It is critical that ultralow detection of biomolecules be achieved as they have significant impact in designing diagnostics platforms for early disease diagnosis. Commercially available nano-porous membranes made out of anodized alumina were evaluated for their role in nano-confinement and enhancing sensitivity of detection. In this biosensor configuration sandwich assay, an electrical double layer is formed between a test protein (C-reactive protein) and the gold surface underneath the porous membrane. Using electrical impedance spectroscopy, the capacitance/impedance changes in the electrical double layer, was analyzed which translated to identifying the sensitivity and the linear dose response of the sensor for two specific conditions (a) with nano confinement and (b) for varying size of confined spaces

关键词： nanostructure sensor biomedical

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Prot-Class: A bioinformatics tool for protein classification based on amino acid signatures

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Natural science 2012年第12期4卷 1161-1164页

作者： Jens Lichtenberg Brian D. Keppler Thomas Conley Dazhang Gu Paul Burns Lonnie R. Welch Allan M. Showalter Biomedical Engineering Program Ohio University Athens USA Department of Environmental and Plant Biology College of Arts and Sciences Ohio University Athens USA Molecular and Cellular Biology Program Ohio University Athens USA School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Russ College of Engineering Ohio University Athens USA

Knowledge about characteristics shared across known members of a protein family enables their identification within the complete set of proteins in an organism. Shared features are usually expressed through motifs, which can incorporate specific patterns and even amino acid (AA) biases. Based on a set of classification patterns and biases it can be determined which additional proteins may belong to a specific family and share its functionality. A bioinformatics tool (Prot-Class) was implemented to examine protein sequences and characterize them based upon user-defined AA composition percentages and user defined AA patterns. In addition the tool allows for the identification of repeated AA patterns, biased AA compositions within windows of user-defined length, and the characteristics of putative signal peptides and glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) lipid anchors. ProtClass is general purpose and can be applied to analyze protein sequences from any organism. The Prot-Class source code is available through the GNU General Public License v3 and can be accessed via the Google Code Repository: http://***/p/prot-class/.

关键词： Bioinformatics Protein Classification Arabidopsis

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Ultra-efficient nano-photonic devices using hybrid material systems for optical communication and sensing

Ultra-efficient nano-photonic devices using hybrid material ...

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IEEE Conference on Avionics Fiber-Optics and Photonics, AVFOP

作者： Alan X. Wang Ray T. Chen Donglei Fan Che-Yun-Lin Xiaobin Xu Lei Wang School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Oregon State University Corvallis OR USA Microelectronic Research Center University of Texas Austin USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Texas Austin USA Microelectronic Research Center University of Texas at Austin Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Texas Austin USA

We investigated ultra-efficient nano-photonic modulators based on silicon photonic crystal slot waveguides infiltrated with electro-optic polymers. The integration of Si 3 N 4 guided mode resonance grating with plasm... 详细信息

关键词： Modulation Plastics Optical waveguides Nanotubes Photonic crystals Gratings Silicon compounds

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Genetic algorithms to automatic weld bead detection in double wall double image digital radiographs

Genetic algorithms to automatic weld bead detection in doubl...

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Congress on Evolutionary Computation

作者： Marcel Kroetz Tania M. Centeno Myriam R. Delgado Marcelo Felisberto Luís Alberto Lucas Leyza B. Dorini Vitor Fylyk Allan Vieira Graduate Program on Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (CPGEI) Federal University of Technology of Paraná (UTFPR) Brazil Academic Department of Eletronics (DAELN) Federal University of Technology of Paraná (UTFPR) Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781467315104

This paper presents a pioneering approach for weld bead detection in radiographic images obtained by the Double Wall Double Image (DWDI) technique. Such task constitutes an essential step for several high level processes, such as fully automatic flaw identification on welded joints. Sets of sample pixels, corresponding to candidate solutions provided by a genetic algorithm (GA), are compared to pre-defined synthetic weld bead and pipe models in an image matching procedure. The fitness of each set (individual) is evaluated based on a linear combination of its genotype (evaluated by a heuristic function) and phenotype. The evolutionary process automatically selects the best individual in the population and, thus, provides information such as position, orientation and dimension of the detected object. The proposed approach successfully detects pipes and weld beads in radiographic images of different complexities, encouraging future works.

关键词： Welding Genetic algorithms Radiography Equations Mathematical model Biological cells Joints

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Intrinsic defects and conduction characteristics of Sc2O3 in thermionic cathode systems

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Physical Review B 2012年第5期86卷 054106-054106页

作者： Ryan M. Jacobs John H. Booske Dane Morgan Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program University of Wisconsin–Madison 1509 University Avenue Madison Wisconsin 53706 USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Wisconsin–Madison 1415 Engineering Drive Madison Wisconsin 53706 USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Wisconsin–Madison 1509 University Avenue Madison Wisconsin 53706 USA

Recent experimental observations indicate that bulk Sc2O3 (∼200 nm thick), an insulator at room temperature and pressure, must act as a good electronic conductor during thermionic cathode operation, leading to the observed high emitted current densities and overall superior emission properties over conventional thermionic emitters which do not contain Sc2O3. Here, we employ ab initio methods using both semilocal and hybrid functionals to calculate the intrinsic defect energetics of Sc and O vacancies and interstitials and their effects on the electronic properties of Sc2O3 in an effort to explain the good conduction of Sc2O3 observed in experiment. The defect energetics were used in an equilibrium defect model to calculate the concentrations of defects and their compensating electron and hole concentrations at equilibrium. Overall, our results indicate that the conductivity of Sc2O3 solely due to the presence of intrinsic defects in the cathode operating environment is unlikely to be high enough to maintain the magnitude of emitted current densities obtained from experiment, and that the presence of impurities is necessary to raise the conductivity of Sc2O3 to a high enough value to explain the current densities observed in experiment. The necessary minimum impurity concentration to impart sufficient electronic conduction is very small (approximately 7.5 × 10−3 ppm) and is probably present in all experiments.

关键词： SCANDIUM oxides CATHODES PRESSURE ELECTRIC conductors POINT defects PHYSICS experiments EQUILIBRIUM

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Comparison of known food weights with image-based portion-size automated estimation and adolescents' self-reported portion size

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Journal of Diabetes science and Technology 2012年第2期6卷 428-434页

作者： Lee, Christina D. Chae, Junghoon Schap, TusaRebecca E. Kerr, Deborah A. Delp, Edward J. Ebert, David S. Boushey, Carol J. College of Liberal Arts Purdue University West Lafayette IN United States College of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN United States Department of Nutrition Science Purdue University West Lafayette IN United States School of Public Health Curtin University Perth WA Australia Epidemiology Program University of Hawaii Cancer Center Honolulu HI 96813 1236 Lauhala Street United States

Background: Diet is a critical element of diabetes self-management. An emerging area of research is the use of images for dietary records using mobile telephones with embedded cameras. These tools are being designed to reduce user burden and to improve accuracy of portion-size estimation through automation. The objectives of this study were to (1) assess the error of automatically determined portion weights compared to known portion weights of foods and (2) to compare the error between automation and human. Methods: Adolescents (n = 15) captured images of their eating occasions over a 24 h period. All foods and beverages served were weighed. Adolescents self-reported portion sizes for one meal. Image analysis was used to estimate portion weights. Data analysis compared known weights, automated weights, and self-reported portions. Results: For the 19 foods, the mean ratio of automated weight estimate to known weight ranged from 0.89 to 4.61, and 9 foods were within 0.80 to 1.20. The largest error was for lettuce and the most accurate was strawberry jam. The children were fairly accurate with portion estimates for two foods (sausage links, toast) using one type of estimation aid and two foods (sausage links, scrambled eggs) using another aid. The automated method was fairly accurate for two foods (sausage links, jam);however, the 95% confidence intervals for the automated estimates were consistently narrower than human estimates. Conclusions: The ability of humans to estimate portion sizes of foods remains a problem and a perceived burden. Errors in automated portion-size estimation can be systematically addressed while minimizing the burden on people. Future applications that take over the burden of these processes may translate to better diabetes self-management. © Diabetes Technology Society.

关键词： Adolescents Dietary assessment Mobile telephones Portion size Technology

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Modeling of Visuospatial Perspectives Processing and Modulation of the Fronto-Parietal Network Activity during Action Imitation

Modeling of Visuospatial Perspectives Processing and Modulat...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society

作者： Hyuk Oh Rodolphe J. Gentili James A. Reggia José L.Contreras-Vidal Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA Department of Kinesiology the Maryland Robotics Center and the Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA Department of Computer Science and the University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Houston Houston TX 77004 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781424441198

It has been suggested that the human mirror neuron system (MNS) plays a critical role in action observation and imitation. However, the transformation of perspective between the observed (allocentric) and the imitated (egocentric) actions has received little attention. We expand a previously proposed biologically plausible MNS model by incorporating general spatial transformation capabilities that are assumed to be encoded by the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) and the superior parietal lobule (SPL) as well as investigating their interactions with the inferior frontal gyrus and the inferior parietal lobule. The results reveal that the IPS/SPL could process the frame of reference and the viewpoint transformations, and provide invariant visual representations for the temporo-parieto-frontal circuit. This allows the imitator to imitate the action performed by a demonstrator under various perspectives while replicating results from the literatures. Our results confirm and extend the importance of perspective transformation processing during action observation and imitation.

关键词： importance observation transformation

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Optical generation of crystalline, quasicrystalline, and arbitrary arrays of torons in confined cholesteric liquid crystals for patterning of optical vortices in laser beams

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Physical Review E 2012年第2期86卷 021703-021703页

作者： Paul J. Ackerman Zhiyuan Qi Ivan I. Smalyukh Department of Physics University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA Department of Electrical Computer and Energy Engineering Liquid Crystal Materials Research Center and Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute National Renewable Energy Laboratory and University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA

Condensed matter systems with topological defects in the ground states range from the Abrikosov phases in superconductors, to various blue phases and twist grain boundary phases in liquid crystals, and to phases of skyrmion lattices in chiral ferromagnets and Bose-Einstein condensates. In nematic and chiral nematic liquid crystals, which are true fluids with long-range orientational ordering of constituent molecules, point and line defects spontaneously occur as a result of symmetry-breaking phase transitions or due to flow, but they are unstable, hard to control, and typically annihilate with time. Here we describe the optical generation of two-dimensional crystalline, quasicrystalline, and arbitrary ensembles of particlelike structures manifesting both skyrmionlike and Hopf fibration features—dubbed “torons”—composed of looped double twist cylinders and point defects embedded in a uniform director field. In these two-dimensional lattices, we then introduce various dislocations, defects in positional ordering of the torons. We show that the periodic defect lattices with and without dislocation are light- and voltage-tunable reconfigurable two-dimensional diffraction gratings and can be used to generate various controlled phase singularities in the diffracted laser beams. The results of computer simulations of optical images, diffraction patterns, and phase distributions with optical vortices are in a good agreement with the corresponding experimental findings.

关键词： QUASICRYSTALS CONDENSED matter CRYSTAL grain boundaries PHASE transformations (Physics) LIQUID crystals CRYSTAL optics BROKEN symmetry (Physics) LASER beams SUPERCONDUCTORS

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Neurofeedback for the treatment of schizophrenia: Case study

Neurofeedback for the treatment of schizophrenia: Case study

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IEEE International Symposium on Virtual Environments, Human-computer Interfaces and Measurement Systems (VECIMS)

作者： Wenya Nan Lanshin Chang Joao Pedro Rodrigues Feng Wan Peng Un Mak Pui-In Mak Mang I Vai Agostinho Rosa Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Science and Technology University of Macau Macao China Department of Psychology Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities University of Macau Macao China LaSEEB-System and Robotics Institute Department of Bioengineering Instituto Superior Tecnico Technical University of Lisbon Portugal

The paper presents a case report of the therapy by neurofeedback training of a chronic female schizophrenia outpatient. The purpose of the neurofeedback training was to enhance cognition, memory and behavioral performance. We used an intensive approach. All the training sessions were performed during 4 consecutive days. The results showed that the patient learnt to increase individual alpha amplitude and simultaneously decrease beta2 (20-30 Hz) amplitude at P4 site during active state over sessions. The individual alpha increased 74.73% and beta2 decreased 13.73%. The short term memory was enhanced after training. Her mood had positive change and her speech was much clearer than before. She started to associate the meaning of her life and illness. These results support that neurofeedback is not only a feasible therapy for schizophrenia but also positive results could be obtained using a much more intensive training sessions than the one reported in the literature.

关键词： Training Neurofeedback Electroencephalography Mood Biological control systems Cognition

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Cortex Inspired Model for Inverse Kinematics Computation for a Humanoid Robotic Finger

Cortex Inspired Model for Inverse Kinematics Computation for...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society

作者： Rodolphe J. Gentili Hyuk Oh Javier Molina James A. Reggia José L. Contreras- Vidal Department of Kinesiology School of Public Health Maryland Robotics Center Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA Department of Systems Engineering and Automation Technical University of Cartagena 30202 Cartagena Spain Department of Computer Science University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Houston Houston TX 77004 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781424441198

In order to approach human hand performance levels, artificial anthropomorphic hands/fingers have increasingly incorporated human biomechanical features. However, the performance of finger reaching movements to visual targets involving the complex kinematics of multijointed, anthropomorphic actuators is a difficult problem. This is because the relationship between sensory and motor coordinates is highly nonlinear, and also often includes mechanical coupling of the two last joints. Recently, we developed a cortical model that learns the inverse kinematics of a simulated anthropomorphic finger. Here, we expand this previous work by assessing if this cortical model is able to learn the inverse kinematics for an actual anthropomorphic humanoid finger having its two last joints coupled and controlled by pneumatic muscles. The findings revealed that single 3D reaching movements, as well as more complex patterns of motion of the humanoid finger, were accurately and robustly performed by this cortical model while producing kinematics comparable to those of humans. This work contributes to the development of a bioinspired controller providing adaptive, robust and flexible control of dexterous robotic and prosthetic hands.

关键词： reaching prosthetic providing

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