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2011 11th IEEE International Conference on Nanotechnology, NANO 2011

作者： Brandigampala, Savindra Feikert, Paige Vattipalli, Krishna Prasad, Shalini Department of Electrical Enginering and Computer Science Wichita State University Wichita KS 67206 United States Bio-Engineering Program College of Engineering Wichita State University Wichita KS 67206 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781457715143

The goal of this work is to understand the role of nano confinement in designing molecular biosensors. We have been investigating micro devices incorporated with nanoporous membranes as molecular bio-sensor platforms. Ultra low detection of biomolecules is the key expectation from the new class of molecular biosensors utilizing nanomaterial. In this paper we have evaluated the role of the physical attributes of nano-porous aluminum oxide membranes in nanoconfinement and enhancing sensitivity of detection of protein biomolecules. In this biosensor configuration we have generated a sandwich assay in a high density array of nanoscale confined spaces generated by overlaying the nanoporous alumina membrane over metallic microscale sensing sites. The binding of the biomolecules results in the perturbation of the electrical double layer due to the binding of the test protein (C-reactive protein). Using electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), the capacitance changes in the electrical double layer associated with specific protein binding has been evaluated. The sensor performance metrics of sensitivity and dynamic range have been analyzed with changes in the pore diameter. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： Biomolecules

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A parallel Ray Tracing architecture suitable for application-specific hardware and GPGPU implementations

A parallel Ray Tracing architecture suitable for application...

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2011 14th Euromicro Conference on Digital System Design: Architectures, Methods and Tools, DSD 2011

作者： Nery, Alexandre S. Nedjah, Nadia Franca, Felipe M.G. Jozwiak, Lech LAM - Computer Architecture and Microelectronics Laboratory Systems Engineering and Computer Science Program COPPE Universidade Federal Rio de Janeiro Brazil Department of Electronics Engineering and Telecommunications Faculty of Engineering Universidade do Estado Rio de Janeiro Brazil Department of Electrical Engineering - Electronic Systems Eindhoven University of Technology Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9780769544946

The Ray Tracing rendering algorithm can produce high-fidelity images of 3-D scenes, including shadow effects, as well as reflections and transparencies. This is currently done at a processing speed of at most 30 frames per second. Therefore, actual implementations of the algorithm are not yet suitable for interactive real-time rendering, which is required in games and virtual reality based applications. Fortunately, the algorithm allows for massive parallelization of its computations. In this paper, we present a parallel architecture for ray tracing based on a uniform spatial subdivision of the scene and exploiting an embedded computation of ray-triangle intersections. This approach allows for a significant acceleration of intersection computations, as well as, a reduction of the total number of the required intersections checks. Furthermore, it allows for these checks to be performed in parallel and in advance for each ray. In this paper we discuss and analyze an ASIP-based implementation using FPGAs and a GPGPU-based parallel implementation of the proposed architecture. The performance of both implementations are reported and compared." © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： Ray tracing

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Magnetomotive molecular nanoprobes for optical biomedical imaging and diagnostics

Magnetomotive molecular nanoprobes for optical biomedical im...

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作者： Boppart, Stephen A. Beckman Institute for Advance Science and Technology Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Bioengineering and Internal Medicine University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 405 North Mathews Avenue Urbana IL 61801 United States

Magnetomotive molecularly-targeted iron oxide nanoparticles are demonstrated as in vivo contrast agents and detected using magnetomotive optical coherence tomography. These nanoprobes are also multifunctional as molec... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781557529107

关键词： Nanoprobes

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Evaluation of common RF coil setups for MR imaging at ultrahigh magnetic field: A numerical study 11

Evaluation of common RF coil setups for MR imaging at ultrah...

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4th International Symposium on Applied sciences in Biomedical and Communication Technologies, ISABEL'11

作者： Lu, Jonathan Pang, Yong Wang, Chunsheng Wu, Bing Vigneron, Daniel B. Zhang, Xiaoliang Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of California Berkeley Berkeley CA United States United States UCB/UCSF Joint Graduate Group in Bioengineering University of California-San Francisco San Francisco CA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781450309134

This study is an evaluation of the ratio of electric field to magnetic field (E/B1), specific absorption rate (SAR) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) generated by three different RF transceiver coil setups: surface coil, surface coil with shielding, and microstrip using a finite discrete time domain (FDTD) simulation in the presence of a head phantom. One of our main focuses in this study is to better understand coil designs that would improve patient safety at high fields by studying a coil type that may potentially minimize SAR while examining potential changes in SNR. In the presence of a human head load, the microstrip's E/B1 ratio was on average smallest while its SAR was also on average smallest of the three setups, suggesting the microstrip may be a better RF coil choice for MRI concerning patient safety and parallel excitation applications than the other two coils. In addition, the study suggests that the microstrip also has a higher SNR compared with the other two coils demonstrating the possibility that the microstrip could lead to higher quality MRI images. © 2011 ACM.

关键词： Signal to noise ratio

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Flexible Organic Electronics for Use in Neural Sensing

Flexible Organic Electronics for Use in Neural Sensing

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society

作者： Hank Bink Yuming Lai Sangameshwar R. Saudari Brian Helfer Jonathan Viventi Jan Van der Spiegel Brian Litt Cherie Kagan Bioengineering Department University of Pennsylvania Electrical and Systems Engineering Department University of Pennsylvania Materials Science and Engineering Department University of Pennsylvania Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of Connecticut Departments of Bioengineering and Neurology University of Pennsylvania Departments of Electrical and Systems Engineering Materials Science and Engineering and Chemistry University of Pennsylvania

ISBN: (纸本)9781424441211

Recent research in brain-machine interfaces and devices to treat neurological disease indicate that important network activity exists at temporal and spatial scales beyond the resolution of existing implantable devices. High density, active electrode arrays hold great promise in enabling high-resolution interface with the brain to access and influence this network activity. Integrating flexible electronic devices directly at the neural interface can enable thousands of multiplexed electrodes to be connected using many fewer wires. Active electrode arrays have been demonstrated using flexible, inorganic silicon transistors. However, these approaches may be limited in their ability to be cost-effectively scaled to large array sizes (8×8 cm). Here we show amplifiers built using flexible organic transistors with sufficient performance for neural signal recording. We also demonstrate a pathway for a fully integrated, amplified and multiplexed electrode array built from these devices.

关键词： Electrodes Pentacene Thin film transistors Performance evaluation Educational institutions

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Enhanced detection of cardiovascular biomarker proteins: A detailed study of nanoconfinement in nanoporous membrane

Enhanced detection of cardiovascular biomarker proteins: A d...

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2011 MRS Spring Meeting

作者： Brandigampala, Savindra Feikert, Paige Vattipalli, Krishna Prasad, Shalini Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Wichita State University 1845 Fairmount St Wichita KS 67260 United States Bio-Engineering Program College of Engineering Wichita State University 1845 Fairmount St Wichita KS 67260 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781627482004

The goal of this work is to understand the role of nano-confinement in designing an inexpensive and user friendly 'point- of- care' (POC) protein biosensor. We used printed circuit board based gold chips and integrated them with nanoporous alumina membranes in generating high density arrays of nano scale confined spaces. We initially tested the role of a nanomembrane in achieving signal enhancement through size based confinement of proteins. As a later part of the experiment, we studied the role of pore size on achieving signal enhancement by using membranes of two different pore sizes of 100 and 200 nm. It is critical that ultralow detection of biomolecules be achieved as they have significant impact in designing diagnostics platforms for early disease diagnosis. Commercially available nano-porous membranes made out of anodized alumina were evaluated for their role in nano-confinement and enhancing sensitivity of detection. In this biosensor configuration sandwich assay, an electrical double layer is formed between a test protein (C-reactive protein) and the gold surface underneath the porous membrane. Using electrical impedance spectroscopy, the capacitance/impedance changes in the electrical double layer, was analyzed which translated to identifying the sensitivity and the linear dose response of the sensor for two specific conditions (a) with nano confinement and (b) for varying size of confined spaces. © 2012 Materials Research Society.

关键词： Proteins

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The experimental determination of the onset of electrical and thermal conductivity percolation thresholds in carbon nanotube-polymer composites

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MRS Online Proceedings Library 2011年第1期1312卷 1-6页

作者： Byung-wook Kim Steven Pfeifer Sung-Hoon Park R. Bandaru Prabhakar Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California San Diego USA Materials Science Program Department of Mechanical Engineering University of California San Diego USA

We show evidence of electrical and thermal conductivity percolation in polymer based carbon nanotube (CNT) composites, which follow power law variations with respect to the CNT concentrations in the matrix. The experimentally obtained percolation thresholds, i.e., ~ 0.074 vol % for single walled CNTs and ~ 2.0 vol % for multi-walled CNTs, were found to be aspect ratio dependent and in accordance with those determined theoretically from excluded volume percolation theory. A much greater enhancement, over 10 orders of magnitude, was obtained in the electrical conductivity at the percolation threshold, while a smaller increase of ~ 100 % was obtained in the thermal conductivity values. Such a difference is qualitatively explained on the basis of the respective conductivity contrast between the CNT filler and the polymer matrix.

关键词： composite electrical properties thermal conductivity

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Effect of temperature changes on the performance of ionic strength biosensors based on hydrogels and pressure sensors

Effect of temperature changes on the performance of ionic st...

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33rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBS 2011

作者： Avula, Mahender Busche, Nora Cho, Seung Hei Tathireddy, Prashant Rieth, Loren W. Magda, Jules J. Solzbacher, Florian Department of Bioengineering University of Utah Salt Lake City UT United States Department of Material Science Technical University Berlin Germany Department of Chemical Engineering University of Utah Salt Lake City UT United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Utah Salt Lake City UT United States Department of Material Science and Engineering University of Utah Salt Lake City UT United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781424441211

Stimuli responsive hydrogels show a strong ability to change in volume with changes in selected environmental properties. This tendency of these hydrogels to change in volume is captured as pressure-change in confined cavities of pressure sensors. An array of pressure sensors on a single chip may carry hydrogels sensitive to multiple, selected metabolic markers and continuously monitor multiple vital parameters simultaneously. Currently, such sensors are capable of continuously monitoring pH, ionic strength, glucose levels and temperature in the sensor environment. In this paper, we report the effect of temperature changes on the performance of ionic strength sensor. A formulation of hydrogel that renders it sensitive to changes in ionic strength was UV polymerized in situ in piezoresistive pressure sensors with different membrane sizes. The sensor sensitivity, response time and stability are investigated as a function of temperature in vitro. The effect of temperature on these sensor characteristics is discussed. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： Hydrogels

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Assessing Directed Information as a Method for Inferring Functional Connectivity in Neural Ensembles

Assessing Directed Information as a Method for Inferring Fun...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society

作者： Kelvin So Michael Gastpar Jose M. Carmena Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences the Program in Cognitive Science and the Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute University of California

ISBN: (纸本)9781424441211

Neurons in the brain form complicated networks through synaptic connections. Traditionally, functional connectivity between neurons has been analyzed using simple metrics such as correlation, which do not provide direction of influence. Recently, an information theoretic measure known as directed information has been proposed as a way to capture directionality in the relationship, thereby moving towards a model of effective connectivity. This measure is grounded upon the concept of Granger causality and can be estimated by modeling neural spike trains as point process generalized linear models. However, the added benefit of using directed information to infer connectivity over conventional methods such as correlation is still unclear. Here, we propose a novel estimation procedure for the directed information. Using physiologically realistic simulations, we demonstrate that directed information can outperform correlation in determining connections between neural spike trains while also providing directionality of the relationship, which cannot be assessed using correlation.

关键词： Neurons Correlation Topology Computational modeling Accuracy Brain modeling Measurement

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Changes in Spatial Distribution of Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Muscle Activity is Correlated to Finger's Action

Changes in Spatial Distribution of Flexor Digitorum Superfic...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society

作者： D. D. Yang W. S. Hou X. Y. Wu X. L. Zheng J. Zheng Y. T. Jiang Bioengineering Department University of Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology Department of Computer Science New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Nevada

ISBN: (纸本)9781424441211

Multitendoned extrinsic muscles of the human hand can be divided into several neuromuscular compartments (NMCs), each of which contributes to the ability of human finger to produce independent finger movements or force. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in the spatial activation of flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) during the fingertip force production with non-invasive multichannel surface electromyography (sEMG) technique. 7 healthy Subjects were instructed to match the target force level for 5s using individual index finger (I), individual middle finger (M) and the combination of the index and middle finger (IM) respectively. Simultaneously, a 2×6 electrode array was employed to record multichannel sEMG from FDS as finger force was produced. The entropy and center of gravity of the sEMG root mean square (RMS) map were computed to assess the spatial inhomogeneity in muscle activation and the change in spatial distribution of EMG amplitude related to the force generation of specific task finger. The results showed that the area and intensity of high amplitude region increased with force production, and the entropy increased with force level under the same task finger. The findings indicate that the change of spatial distribution of multitendoned extrinsic hand muscle activation is correlated to specific biomechanical functions.

关键词： Fingers spatial distribution SEMA5B gene entropy FDS EMG amplitude hand muscle Middle Finger Center of gravity

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