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International Conference on User science and engineering (i-USEr)

作者： Jason Turuwhenua Husnain Naqvi Muhammad Sulayman Mehwish Riaz Auckland Bioengineering Institute Department of Optometry and Vision Science University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand Department of Computer Science University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand

It is important that eye care professionals have access to tools that accurately and efficiently convey the results of an eye exam to students and patients. This paper describes work-in-progress on a software system that displays a patient specific 3-dimensional model of the eye, as well as the effects of refractive errors (errors of focus) to the patient. We have used a focus group as a means for gathering preliminary feedback on our software, some of the themes that emerged from our discussions are presented. Future directions for the software are mentioned.

关键词： Software Education Visualization Retina Optical imaging Rendering (computer graphics) Adaptive optics

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Squaraine donors for high efficiency small molecule solar cells

Squaraine donors for high efficiency small molecule solar ce...

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37th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, PVSC 2011

作者： Wei, Guodan Wang, Siyi Xiao, Xin Renshaw, C. Kyle Hall, Lincoln Diev, Vyacheslav V. Thompson, Mark E. Forrest, Stephen R. Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI United States Department of Chemistry University of Southern California Los Angeles CA United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI United States Applied Physics Program University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI United States Department of Physics University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781424499656

It has been a challenge to achieve high efficiency organic photovoltaics (OPV) that absorb long wavelength solar radiation without incurring unacceptable reductions in open circuit voltage (Voc) or charge separation efficiency. Based on the parent structure of the 2, 4-bis[4-(N, N-diisobutylamino)-2,6-dihydroxyphenyl] squaraine (SQ), we have increased V oc using a family of highly near-infrared absorbing SQs, achieving values as high as 0.94 V. These SQ donors are: 2, 4-bis[4-(N-Phenyl-1- naphthylamino)-2,6-dihydroxyphenyl] squaraine (1-NPSQ),2,4-bis[4-(N, N-diphenylamino)-2,6 dihydroxyphenyl] squaraine (DPSQ), 2,4-bis[4-(N, N-diphenylamino)-2,6-dihydroxyphenyl] asymmetric squaraine (DPASQ). The spin-cast SQ, 1-NPSQ, DPSQ and DPASQ donors are then coated with the acceptor C60 to form bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells that take advantage of their exceptionally high absorption coefficient and nanocrystalline morphology to overcome the short diffusion length characteristic of these materials. Combined with a high short-circuit current density (J sc=10.6 mA/cm2) and high fill factor (FF=0.64), the optimized 1-NPSQ/C60 photovoltaic cells with 1-NPSQ annealed at elevated temperature have a power conversion efficiency of ηp as high as 6.0% (correcting for solar mismatch) at 1 sun (AM 1.5G) simulated solar illumination, which to our knowledge is the highest efficiency reported to date for small molecule OPVs. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： Solar cells

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Detectability index describes the information conveyed by sonographic images

Detectability index describes the information conveyed by so...

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IEEE Symposium (IUS) Ultrasonics

作者： Nghia Q. Nguyen Craig K. Abbey Michael F. Insana Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign USA Department of Psychology and Brain Sciences University of California Santa-Barbara USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Department of Bioengineering Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign USA

We have been developing the ideal observer formalism for sonography, which is based on the best-possible diagnostic performance. The ideal performance was compared to that of trained human observers to estimate the visual efficiency for discriminating lesion features. We find that humans are generally less than 10% efficient at accessing visual information essential for breast cancer diagnosis. In seeking ways to improve this process, we must first establish a connection between standard ROC observer metrics and instrument properties used in system design. In radiography, that relationship is made through the lesion signal-to-noise ratio SNR I . SNR I 2 , which describes task information, is simply related to contrast and spatial resolutions and noise power. Those relations break down for sonography due to the quadratic form of the ideal observer. Our goal in this paper is to establish a rigorous connection between ideal performance and engineering design metrics, which has directly applications for sonographic system design and optimization.

关键词： Observers Lesions Image quality Noise Covariance matrix Measurement Visualization

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Green Microfluidics Made of Corn Proteins

Green Microfluidics Made of Corn Proteins

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society

作者： Austin Hsiao Jarupat Luecha Jozef Kokini Logan Liu Department of Bioengineering University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

ISBN: (纸本)9781424441211

Petroleum-based polymer such as Poly(dimethylsiloxane) has been widely used to make mesoscale and microscale fluidic devices. The main drawback of such devices in disposable applications is the potential environmental pollution since they are not biodegradable. Biodegradable microfluidic devices have been fabricated out of zein, a prolamin protein found in corn, that can be utilized as disposable health and environmental-friendly micro-chips. Using stereo lithography and soft lithography, micro-chambers and micro-channels features have been replicated on zein films and enclosed zein microfluidic devices are created by bonding to glass substrate using a simple vapor-deposition method. The bonding strength of the zein microfluidic devices has been found to exceed the tensile strength of the zein film and hydraulic pressure, and fluid flow through large-area complex microfluidic designs shows no leakage or distortion. High optical clarity and fluorescent imaging in the zein microfluidic devices are demonstrated by visualizing micro-particles and Rhodamine B. Zein microfluidic devices enable truly disposable microfluidics with intrinsic biocompatibility and biodegradability that can be fabricated using existing techniques.

关键词： Zeins Microfluidic Devices Stereolithography biodegradability Microfluidics Fluid pressure Environmental pollution Zea mays Dimethylpolysiloxanes mesoscale Glass substrates fluid flow

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Handling failures of static sensor nodes in wireless sensor network by use of mobile sensors

Handling failures of static sensor nodes in wireless sensor ...

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25th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops, WAINA 2011

作者： Pignaton De Freitas, Edison Heimfarth, Tales Netto, Ivayr Farah Pereira, Carlos Eduardo Ferreira, Armando Morado Wagner, Flávio Rech Larsson, Tony IDE Halmstad University Halmstad Sweden Institute of Informatics Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil Computer Science Department Federal University of Lavras Lavras Brazil Electrical Engineering Department Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil Defense Engineering Graduate Program Military Institute of Engineering Rio de Janeiro Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9780769543383

Node failures in Wireless Sensor Networks composed by static sensor nodes are common due to the nature of the sensor devices and the usually harsh environments in which they are deployed. Node failures can diminish the performance of the network as a whole, thus affecting its functionality in delivering the desired services. For instance, significant regions can become uncovered due to failure of several nearby nodes. This paper reports a study about the use of mobile sensor nodes acting in cooperation with static ones in order to fill gaps created by faulty static nodes. The proposed fault handling mechanism presents alternative policies with pros and cons, depending on the user priorities imposed to the system and the occurrence of failures. A discussion about this topic is presented based on results obtained by simulation of the proposed mechanisms. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： Sensor nodes

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Integration of Multilayers in Er-Doped Porous Silicon Structures and Advances in 1.5 μm Optoelectronic Devices

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MRS Online Proceedings Library 2011年第1期536卷 135-140页

作者： H. A. Lopez S. Chan L. Tsybeskov H. Koyama V. P. Bondarenko P. M. Fauchet Materials Science Program University of Rochester Rochester USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Rochester Rochester USA Belarusian State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics Minsk Belarus

Infrared photoluminescence (PL) and electroluminescence (EL) from erbium-doped porous silicon (PSi) structures are studied. The PL and EL from the Er-doped PSi structures and the absence of silicon band edge recombination, point defect, and dislocation luminescence bands suggest that the Er-complex centers are the most efficient recombination sites. PSi multilayers with very high reflectivity (R ≥ 90%) in the 1.5 gim range have been incorporated in the structures resulting in a PL enhancement of over 100%. Stable and intense EL is obtained from the Er-doped structures. The EL spectrum is similar to that of the PL, but shifted towards higher energy. The unexpected shift in emission opens up the possibility for erbium related luminescence to encompass a larger part of the optimal wavelength window for fiber optic communications.

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An optical-coding method for scattering signal detection in microfluidic cytometers

An optical-coding method for scattering signal detection in ...

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15th International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life sciences 2011, MicroTAS 2011

作者： Wu, T.-F. Mei, Z. Pion-Tonachini, L. Zhao, C. Qiao, W. Arianpour, A. Lo, Y.-H. Materials Science and Engineering Program University of California at San Diego San Diego CA 92093-0418 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California at San Diego San Diego CA 92093-0407 United States School of Information and Electronics Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781618395955

In this article, we demonstrated an optical-coding method to detect forward scattering and large angle scattering signals within microfluidic devices. Using silicon photodetectors, we can effectively discriminate the mixture of unlabelled beads and obtain the spatial distribution of beads. The optical coding method improves the signal-to-noise and particle differentiation abilities for lab-on-a-chip flow cytometers. Copyright © (2011) by the Chemical and Biological Microsystems Society.

关键词： Microfluidics

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Discussion of Estimating Multiple Sources Based on Three- Dimensional Magnetocardiograms Measurement

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Procedia Environmental sciences 2011年 8卷 408-414页

作者： Mai Liu Yoshinori Uchikawa Department of Electromagnetic Bioengineering Institute of Electrical Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences No.6 Beiertiao Zhongguancun Beijing 100190 China Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering School of Science and Engineering Tokyo Denki University Ishizaka Hatoyama-machi Hiki-gun Saitama 350-0394 Japan

A SQUID magnetometer system with three-dimensional(3-D) second-order gradiometer was used to measure the magnetocardiograms(MCG) for the normal subject and the patient with myocardial infarction (MI). The multiple sources were estimated using the single current dipole model based on the 3-D MCG measurement. The difference between the normal subject and the patient with MI was discussed in the conduction pathways. It is helpful to discriminate the location and the direction of multiple sources based on combining Bz component with Bx and By components. The 3-D MCG measurement may be more efficient than the 1-D MCG measurement in estimating the multiple sources.

关键词： SQUID magnetometer 3-D second-order gradiometer MCG equivalent source multiple sources

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Evaluation of Patient with Myocardial Infarction Using Isoenergy Contour Maps of Three-Dimensional Magnetocardiograms

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Procedia Environmental sciences 2011年 8卷 700-706页

A SQUID magnetometer system with three-dimensional(3-D) second-order gradiometer was used to measure the magnetocardiograms(MCG) for the normal subject and the patient with myocardial infarction (MI). In order to discuss the activities of the heart between the normal subject and the patient with MI, we have presented the isoenergy contour maps to evaluate the spatial energy distribution (SED) of the QRS complex at different scale. Being different from the normal subject, the patient with MI represented different the pattern of the SED in various frequency band for the ST segment of the QRS complexof Bx , By , and Bz components. It is helpful to evaluate the patient with MI using the isoenergy contour maps of 3-D MCG.

关键词： 3-D SQUID gradiometer MCG the QRS complex isoenergy contour map spatial energy distribution

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Exploring Time-Scales of Closed-Loop Decoder Adaptation in Brain-Machine Interfaces

Exploring Time-Scales of Closed-Loop Decoder Adaptation in B...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society

作者： Amy L. Orsborn Siddharth Dangi Helene G. Moorman Jose M. Carmena Berkeley - Unviversity of California Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute University of California Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute and Program in Cognitive Science University of California

ISBN: (纸本)9781424441211

Performing closed-loop modifications of a brain-machine interface (BMI) decoder is a technique that shows great promise for improving performance. We compare two algorithms for implementing adaptations that update decoder parameters on different time-scales (discrete batches vs. online), and present experimental results of a non-human primate performing a standard center-out BMI task. To ensure that our experimental training models are representative of a broad range of paralyzed patients, our decoders were initially trained using neural activity recorded during subject observation of cursor movement. We find that both closed-loop adaptation algorithms can be used to boost BMI performance from 20-30% to 80%, yielding movement kinematics similar to natural arm movements. Based on insights derived from the performance of each algorithm, we propose that a hybrid of batch and online decoder adaptation may be the best approach.

关键词： Decoding Kinematics Training Educational institutions Adaptation models Kalman filters USA Councils

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