Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is an emerging technique for noninvasive imaging of tissue elasticity. Proprietary algorithms are used to reconstruct tissue elasticity from the images of wave propagation within ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783642156984
Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is an emerging technique for noninvasive imaging of tissue elasticity. Proprietary algorithms are used to reconstruct tissue elasticity from the images of wave propagation within soft tissue. Elasticity reconstruction suffers from interfering noise and outliers. The interference causes biased elasticity and undesired artifacts in the reconstructed elasticity map. Anisotropic geometric diffusion is able to suppress image noise while enhance inherent features. Therefore we integrate anisotropic diffusion with level set methods for numerical enhancement of MRE wave images. Performance evaluation of the proposed level set diffusion (LSD) approach was conducted on both synthetic and real MRE datasets. Experimental results confirm the effectiveness of LSD for MRE image enhancement and direct inversion.
This paper summarizes dynamic measurements of shear modulus constants acquired for spontaneously growing rat mammary tumors. Measurements are compared with histology to determine tumor types. We also report on 3D shea...
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In recent years,much attention has been given to the increase in the Earth-Sun distance,with the modern rate reported as 5-15 m/cy on the basis of astronomical ***,traditional methods cannot measure the ancient leavin...
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In recent years,much attention has been given to the increase in the Earth-Sun distance,with the modern rate reported as 5-15 m/cy on the basis of astronomical ***,traditional methods cannot measure the ancient leaving rates,so a myriad of research attempting to provide explanations were met with unmatched *** this paper we consider that the growth patterns on fossils could reflect the ancient Earth-Sun *** mechanical analysis of both the Earth-Sun and Earth-Moon systems,these patterns confirmed an increase in the Earth-Sun *** a large number of well-preserved specimens and new technology available,both the modern and ancient leaving rates could be measured with high precision,and it was found that the Earth has been leaving the Sun over the past 0.53 billion *** Earth's semi-major axis was 146 million kilometers at the beginning of the Phanerozoic Eon,equating to 97.6% of its current *** modern leaving rates are 5-14 m/cy,whereas the ancient rates were much *** results indicate a special expansion with an average expansion coefficient of 0.57H0 and deceleration in the form of Hubble *** the basis of experimental results,the Earth's semi-major axis could be represented by a simple formula that matches fossil measurements.
Recently, some variants of the l_1 norm, particularly matrix norms such as the l_(1,2) and l_(1,∞) norms, have been widely used in multi-task learning, compressed sensing and other related areas to enforce sparsity v...
ISBN:
(纸本)9781617823800
Recently, some variants of the l_1 norm, particularly matrix norms such as the l_(1,2) and l_(1,∞) norms, have been widely used in multi-task learning, compressed sensing and other related areas to enforce sparsity via joint regularized on. In this paper, we unify the l_(1,2) and l_(1,∞) norms by considering a family of l_(1,q) norms for 1 < q < ∞ and study the problem of determining the most appropriate sparsity enforcing norm to use in the context of multi-task feature selection. Using the generalized normal distribution, we provide a probabilistic interpretation of the general multi-task feature selection problem using the l_(1,q) norm. Based on this probabilistic interpretation, we develop a probabilistic model using the noninfor-mative Jeffreys prior. We also extend the model to learn and exploit more general types of pairwise relationships between tasks. For both versions of the model, we devise expectation-maximization (EM) algorithms to learn all model parameters, including q, automatically. Experiments have been conducted on two cancer classification applications using microarray gene expression data.
This paper presents a comparison among different strategies to coordinate the use of heterogeneous wireless sensors aimed for area surveillance. The heterogeneity among the sensor nodes is related to their sensing and...
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K562 mammalian cells are sorted using a highly integrated microfabricated fluorescence-activated cell sorter (∝FACS). The sample cells are purified with an enrichment factor of 230 at a high throughput (> 1,000 ce...
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This paper describes a fully autonomous mobile urban robot-X1, which can perform multiple tasks autonomously in an unknown urban environment without human guidance, including mobile reconnaissance, target searching, a...
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Protein-protein interactions (PPI) play an important role in cellular processes and metabolic processes within a cell. An important task is to determine the existence of interactions among proteins. Unfortunately, exi...
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Protein-protein interactions (PPI) play an important role in cellular processes and metabolic processes within a cell. An important task is to determine the existence of interactions among proteins. Unfortunately, existing biological experimental techniques are expensive, time-consuming and labor-intensive. The network structures of many such networks are sparse, incomplete and noisy, containing many false positive and false negatives. Thus, state-of-the-art methods for link prediction in these networks often cannot give satisfactory prediction results, especially when some networks are extremely sparse. Noticing that we typically have more than one PPI network available, we naturally wonder whether it is possible to 'transfer' the linkage knowledge from some existing, relatively dense networks to a sparse network, to improve the prediction performance. Noticing that a network structure can be modeled using a matrix model, in this paper, we introduce the well-known Collective Matrix Factorization (CMF) technique to 'transfer' usable linkage knowledge from relatively dense interaction network to a sparse target network. Our approach is to establish the correspondence between a source and a target network via network similarities. We test this method on two real protein-protein interaction networks, Helicobacter pylori (as a target network) and Human (as a source network). Our experimental results show that our method can achieve higher and more robust performance as compared to some baseline methods.
All freshman engineering students at York College participate in a spring semester design challenge as part of a year-long, two-course introduction to engineering. This paper describes the course organization, the pro...
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All freshman engineering students at York College participate in a spring semester design challenge as part of a year-long, two-course introduction to engineering. This paper describes the course organization, the project goals, and project itself and how it supports the broader engineering curriculum goals of engaging freshman engineering students in a design project, exposing them in an interesting way to the breath of engineering, and motivating them in their engineering studies. The students work in small teams and have roughly 12 weeks to design an automated electromechanical system that first transports three empty Snapple bottles, three tennis balls, and 36 oz. of water to a 2/x3/ operational zone. The machine must fill each bottle with 12 oz. of water, cap each bottle by covering the top with a tennis ball, and then deliver the capped and filled bottles to an area outside of the operational zone. The bottle-filling project serves as the second of two interdisciplinary engineering design experiences during the freshman year. It introduces aspects of computer, electrical, and mechanical engineering, including the following five primary knowledge areas: (i) machining and fabrication;(ii) electronic circuit prototyping and programming;(iii) sensor and actuator applications;(iv) mechanical design;(v) project planning;and (vi) presentation skills. A project demonstration at the end of the semester determines the relative effectiveness of each machine based upon a number of quantitative factors, including the total time required to complete the overall process, the volume of water in each bottle, the number of bottles successfully capped, the amount of water spilled, and approximate manufacturing cost. Some qualitative factors considered are simplicity, creativity, and aesthetics. Student interest in this substantial hands-on experience, as measured by surveys and exhibited by attendance, enthusiasm, productivity, and success, appears to be high through the three y
In this work, the physiological phenomenon of leukocyte margination is mimicked in microfluidic systems for biological separation of malarial infected RBCs (iRBCs) from blood. Change in cell stiffness is a characteris...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781618390622
In this work, the physiological phenomenon of leukocyte margination is mimicked in microfluidic systems for biological separation of malarial infected RBCs (iRBCs) from blood. Change in cell stiffness is a characteristic of iRBCs which can act as an intrinsic biomarker for separation. Tests were conducted using early ring stage and late trophozoite/schizont stage iRBCs which vary significantly in their deformability. Filtration efficiency was quantified by analyzing the dispersion of iRBCs across the microchannel width at the outlet. Flow cytometry analysis was conducted on the outlet samples indicating filtration efficiency of ∼80% for early stage iRBCs and >90% for late stage iRBCs. This is the first demonstration applying this unique biomimetic separation technique to iRBCs filtration for disease diagnostic application.
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