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A first-order mechanical device to model traumatized craniovascular biodynamics

Journal of Medical Devices, Transactions of the ASME 2007年第1期1卷 89-95页

作者： Kohles, Sean S. Mangan, Ryan W. Stan, Edward McNames, James Kohles Bioengineering Portland OR 97214-5135 United States Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Portland State University Portland OR 97207-0751 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Portland State University Portland OR 97207-0751 United States Biomedical Signal Processing Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Portland State University Portland OR 97207-0751 United States Department of Surgery Oregon Health and Science University Portland OR 97239-3098 United States

Mathematical models currently exist that explore the physiology of normal and traumatized intracranial function. Mechanical models are used to assess harsh environments that may potentially cause head injuries. However, few mechanical models are designed to study the adaptive physiologic response to traumatic brain injury. We describe a first-order physical model designed and fabricated to elucidate the complex biomechanical factors associated with dynamic intracranial physiology. The uni-directional flow device can be used to study interactions between the cranium, brain tissue, cerebrospinal fluid, vasculature, blood, and the heart. Solid and fluid materials were selected to simulate key properties of the cranial system. Total constituent volumes (solid and fluid) and volumetric flow (650 ml/min) represent adult human physiology, and the lengths of the individual segments along the flow-path are in accord with Poiseuille's equation. The physical model includes a mechanism to simulate autoregulatory vessel dynamics. Intracranial pressures were measured at multiple locations throughout the model during simulations with and without post-injury brain tissue swelling. Two scenarios were modeled for both cases: Applications of vasodilation/constriction and changes in the head of bed position. Statistical results indicate that all independent variables had significant influence over fluid pressures measured throughout the model (p < 0.0001) including the vasoconstriction mechanism (p=0.0255). The physical model represents a first-order design realization that helps to establish a link between mathematical and mechanical models. Future designs will provide further insight into traumatic head injury and provide a framework for unifying the knowledge gained from mathematical models, injury mechanics, clinical observations, and the response to therapies. Copyright © 2007 by ASME.

关键词： Biomechanics

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A scholarship recruitment and selection strategy that successfully attracts diverse and academically talented freshmen

A scholarship recruitment and selection strategy that succes...

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114th Annual ASEE Conference and Exposition, 2007

作者： Papadopoulos, Chris Brucks, Karen Key, Eric Munson, Ethan Vairavan, K. University of Wisconsin Milwaukee United States Department of Civil Engineering and Mechanics University of Wisconsin Milwaukee United States UWM Computer Science Engineering and Mathematics Scholarship Program Brazil Department of Mathematical Sciences University of Wisconsin Milwaukee United States Mathematical Science Department UWM's Actuarial Science Program Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee United States ACM SIGWEB Group on Hypertext Hypermedia and the Web Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department of Medical Informatics

We describe recruitment and selection procedures of the computer science, engineering, and Mathematics Scholarship (CSEMS) program at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee that are designed to attract students who are academically talented, financially needy, and diverse. In particular, we address the possible exclusion of underrepresented minority students that could result if standardized test scores are used indiscriminately as metrics of student performance in both recruitment and selection procedures. We describe a "conditional award" process that enables students whose calculus placement is moderately below calculus to competitively apply for and receive scholarships;awards to such students are activated on the condition that they attempt to attain calculus placement prior to matriculation. We present data that demonstrate moderate effectiveness of these methods in fostering diversity among our scholars and reasonably encouraging retention and estimated graduation rates. We discuss areas of improvement for future program years, such as forging new partnerships with local Project Lead The Way high schools to recruit higher numbers of females and minorities, and developing new mentoring opportunities to reduce attrition, especially among underrepresented minority students. © American Society for engineering Education, 2007.

关键词： Social aspects

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Cooperative university/industry development of a freshman 'introduction to ECE design' course

Cooperative university/industry development of a freshman 'i...

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114th Annual ASEE Conference and Exposition, 2007

作者： Williams, Douglas Butera, Robert Uluagac, Selcuk Clark, Matthew Deck, Andy Torba, Michael Trahan, Steven Georgia Institute of Technology United States Undergraduate Affairs School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Tech. Georgia Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Interdisciplinary Bioengineering Graduate Program Georgia Tech. United States Georgia Tech. School of Electrical and Computer Engineering United States National Instruments National Instruments Austin TX United States

Faculty members from Georgia Tech's School of electrical and computer engineering (ECE) have worked jointly with engineers from National Instruments (NI) to develop a new freshman engineering course. This course is entitled 'Introduction to ECE Design' and is constructed around the use of the LEGO MINDSTORMS NXT robotics system. NI partnered with LEGO to jointly develop the programming software for the MINDSTORMS NXT, and their engineers are uniquely positioned to provide insight into the use and functionality of these kits. NI engineers have not only provided technical support but have also conceived and designed most of the laboratories for the course. This course addresses the diverse objectives of providing students with a systems-level design experience at the beginning of their academic programs and introducing them to a broad range of ECE disciplines. A primary goal is to enable students to make better-informed decisions when choosing whether or not to major in electrical engineering or computer engineering. © American Society for engineering Education, 2007.

关键词： Systems engineering

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A deliberate integration of information technology into the classroom

A deliberate integration of information technology into the ...

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114th Annual ASEE Conference and Exposition, 2007

作者： Fairfax, Duane Huggins, Kevin Goda, Bryan USMA United States Computer Science Program US Military Academy United States IEEE Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science US Military Academy at West Point United States Association for Computing Machinery Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers Information Technology Program US Military Academy United States

The Information Age has revolutionized the way students learn in the classroom. The United States Military Academy (USMA) emphasizes the importance of Information Technology (IT) through an academy-wide IT specific goal. This goal supports the USMA's mission of producing Army Officers who can respond effectively to technological changes in the defense of our nation. Courses augmented with IT can be daunting for cadets who lack the experience and confidence level to succeed in the course. As a result, these types of courses are avoided by cadets if at all possible. This is not an option for an aspiring officer who will lead the soldiers of tomorrow on a digitized battlefield. Since 1990, cadets have been issued a computer which has played a central role in bringing the power of IT to all graduates of the Military Academy. Integration of IT in the curriculum begins early with every cadet receiving a laptop computer. An integrated software package is included to support any course of instruction. Cadets receive two courses in IT, one in their freshman year and one in their junior year. The freshman course teaches the cadet the basic functionality of the laptop, a basic programming language, and creating a basic website. The junior course builds on the freshman course by teaching the cadets to create an advanced website, design and build a network, manage a database, and create an information system. IT plays a central role in several overlap courses between engineering and the humanities in such areas as information warfare, terrorism, and the legal aspects of intellectual property rights. What makes this approach unique is the methodical diffusion of IT into course design which removes the barrier between learning and the implementation of IT as an academic multiplier. An academy-wide committee consisting of 12 members is responsible for examining collected data to see how well the Military Academy is meeting its LT goal. This data comes from a variety of sources such

关键词： Information technology

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Spatially recursive spreadsheet computations: Teaching the critical path method of scheduling using two-dimensional function ranges versus traditional one-dimensional object-oriented programming

Spatially recursive spreadsheet computations: Teaching the c...

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114th Annual ASEE Conference and Exposition, 2007

作者： Lucko, Gunnar Madden, Michael Molineaux, Justin Catholic University of America United States Construction Engineering and Management Program Department of Civil Engineering Catholic University of America United States United Space Alliance Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Catholic University of America United States

Project management is the art and science of planning and controlling projects in their various aspects of time, cost, and scope. Scheduling focuses on the time aspect while considering the various needed resources. The critical path method (CPM) is the most common scheduling technique, whereby the project is broken down into activities with specific durations and relationships among each other. Calculation occurs in two major steps. In the forward pass each activity is scheduled to occur as early as possible while obeying its dependency conditions. The backward pass examines the inverse case of delaying all activities as late as possible without impacting the project end. The flexibility of each activity, its float, is assessed by comparing these extreme cases. Activities with zero float are time critical, as postponing any of them would impact the project end. Any traditional computer program for the two-step CPM algorithm consists of defining variables for the time and dependency information of each activity from the schedule input, sorting them, making case distinctions whenever the dependency structure splits or merges between predecessors and successors, and saving the maximum early dates and minimum late dates to the output. An object-oriented programming (OOP) approach would use the appealing existing division into objects, the activities, which are related in a clearly defined sequence. It would follow a one-dimensional flow of individual commands including various loop statements to accommodate the case distinctions at forks in the dependency structure. Numerous standard textbooks on project management that have been reviewed fail to consider these case distinctions in their presentation of the CPM algorithm, which in the experience of the authors often leads to students initially having difficulties in how to apply the parallel evaluation of numerous activities under CPM to solve complex schedules. The authors developed an educational unit for teaching CP

关键词： Spreadsheets

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Understanding ABET objectives and outcomes

Understanding ABET objectives and outcomes

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114th Annual ASEE Conference and Exposition, 2007

作者： Petersen, Owe Williams, Stephen Durant, Eric Milwaukee School of Engineering United States United States Technical Staff AT and T Bell Laboratories United States IEEE ABET EAC Program Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Milwaukee School of Engineering United States

Despite the maturing of the implementation of the EAC engineering Criteria (EC2000), there persists a misinterpretation and misunderstanding regarding the program educational objectives and program outcomes. Many an engineering program still heads into the accreditation process without a clear sense of the meaning and implementation of these items. This paper traces the development of the current definitions associated with ABET criteria 2 and 3 and provides insights into the resulting impact on program and curriculum development, specifically, the assessment process. A useful understanding of objectives and outcomes can be achieved with a top-down approach. The process starts with the expected niche of the engineering world in which the graduates of an engineering program expect to pursue their intended/possible careers. The descriptors of the range of career paths and accomplishments expected of the graduates form the program objectives. The academic input and contribution that would foster and enhance the abilities of the graduates to achieve the intended career paths and accomplishments are limited to the years the graduate is a student. Hence, the skills and characteristics of the student at the time of graduation form the program outcomes since they are what a university is able to influence and attempt to assure. After establishing of the objectives and outcomes, consideration is given to the entire range of academic pursuits, from curriculum development to advising to institutional support activities. All of these form the vehicle for imparting the required knowledge and for channeling the development of the needed personal characteristics. © American Society for engineering Education, 2007.

关键词： engineering education

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BaZrO3 thin films for humidity gas sensor

BaZrO3 thin films for humidity gas sensor

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Functional Materials for Chemical and Biochemical Sensors - 2007 MRS Spring Meeting

作者： Chen, XiaoXin Sorenson, Michael Butler, Clayton Rieth, Loren Miller, Mark S. Solzbacher, Florian Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Utah 50 S. Central Campus Drive SLC UT 84102 United States Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Utah Salt Lake City UT 84102 United States Univeristy of Utah Salt Lake City UT 84112 United States Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Utah SLC UT 84102 United States University of Utah SLC UT 84102 United States Electrical and Computer Engineering and Material Science Univeristy of Utah SLC UT 84102 United States Electrical and Computer Engineering Material Science and Bioengineering Department University of Utah SLC UT 84102 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781605604435

Globally, restrictions on emissions from fossil fuel fired power plants and internal combustions engines are becoming more stringent. Microscale (MEMS) gas sensing devices are being developed to help monitor emissions and provide feedback for advanced engine controls and emission control devices. Bulk electroceramic BaZrO3 and BaZrO3 doped with Y have been found to be sensitive to H2O at high temperatures (T > 500 °C), where its ionic conductivity was modulated by the partial pressure of H2O. These materials have not been studied in a thin film form, therefore this research focuses on sputter deposition of undoped BaZrO 3 and BaZrO3 doped with Y. This report focuses on the effects of annealing temperature and gas ambient on the properties of consistently deposited BaZrO3 and BaZr0.8Y 0.2O2.9 thin films to investigate their stability at high temperatures. Use of anneals at temperatures greater than 800 °C will likely be used to stabilize films for use at operating temperatures greater than 500 °C. The materials were annealed at 800 °C and 1000 °C for 3 hours in both forming gas (H2:Ar 2%:98%) and O2. Thin films of these materials were deposited on microhotplates with interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) to measure the film conductivity. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to measure the composition of the as deposited films, and found the films to be deficient in Ba. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to measure the crystal structure of the films, and indicated the as deposited films were amorphous and some crystallization occurs with annealing. Atomic force microscopy was used to examine the surface morphology of the thin films versus annealing conditions, and used to quantify RMS roughness and average particle size for the films. © 2007 Materials Research Society.

关键词： Thin films

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Disaster-mitigating design and practice: A student-centered program developing sustainable and earthquake-resistant designs for residential structures in developing regions

Disaster-mitigating design and practice: A student-centered ...

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114th Annual ASEE Conference and Exposition, 2007

作者： Lucko, Gunnar Tsopelas, Panagiotis Garland, Timothy Gonzalez, Rodrigo Lee, Thomas Molineaux, Justin Catholic University of America United States Construction Engineering and Management Program Department of Civil Engineering Catholic University of America United States Department of Civil Engineering Catholic University of America United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Catholic University of America United States

Earthquakes frequently strike the neediest regions of the planet with devastating consequences for their inhabitants. Impacts of such disasters extend beyond the immediate casualties, which may reach several 10,000, including the destruction of residential and commercial property and infrastructure, which severely weakens the regional economy in the longer term. Simple residential dwellings from adobe, brick, or un-reinforced concrete blocks, which are the predominant structures in significant portions of the reviewed developing regions, are frequently damaged to structural failure and collapse by earthquakes, which may obliterate entire villages and their livelihood within minutes. Designing such small residential structures to be more resistant to earthquake loads, followed by physical testing of scaled models and implementing the design concepts in an actual prototype are the objectives of the program development for a two-semester course sequence that is currently being undertaken by the authors. This program began when guest presentations by Peace Corps alumni and the founder of Engineers Without Borders caused the students and their faculty mentors to realize that the traditional course of study in civil engineering did not sufficiently prepare them for addressing engineering problems within a global context. Since then, an introductory course on sustainability has been added to the curriculum and the students have founded a student chapter that has begun to participate in organizing the outreach to a partner community in a developing region. In a new course sequence on disaster-mitigating design and practice, the undergraduate civil engineering and architecture students are working together in entrepreneurially oriented teams. Faculty members and representatives from industry and from foreign aid organizations are collaborating in guiding the courses. The course activities address several accreditation outcomes, have been structured to expose students to all

关键词： Disasters

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Contributors to the Lab on a Chip cell and tissue engineering in microsystems special issue

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Lab on a Chip 2007年第6期7卷 667-671页

作者： Bhatia, Sangeeta N. Chen, Christoper Bashir, Rashid Beebe, David J. Desai, Tejal Gottwald, Eric Khademhosseini, Ali Langer, Robert S. Piel, Matthieu Takayama, Shuichi Thorsen, Todd Tien, Joe Voldman, Joel Vunjak-Novakovic, Gordana Wu, Mingming Yu, Hanry Massachusetts Institute of Technology Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science United States Laboratory for Multiscale Regenerative Technologies United States Department of Innovation University of Pennsylvania Department of Bioengineering United States Cell Biology and Physiology Program Cell Growth and Cancer Program Tissue Microfabrication Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Biomedical Engineering Purdue University United States Department of Electronics University of Glasgow United Kingdom Department of Physiology and Bioengineering University of California San Francisco CA United States California Institute for Quantitative Biomedical Research UCSF/UC Berkeley Graduate Group in Bioengineering United States Laboratory of Therapeutic Micro and Nanotechnology Institute for Biological Interfaces Germany 3D-Cell Culture Techniques Group Institute for Biological Interfaces Germany Department of Medicine and Health Sciences and Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) United States Institut Curie UMR 144 IC/CNRS France Biomedical Engineering Department University of Michigan United States Department of Biomedical Engineering Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program United States Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering School of Chemical and Molecular Engineering Cornell University United States National University of Singapore Singapore Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology A STAR Singapore

A graphical abstract is available for this content

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BaZrO 3 Thin Films For Humidity Gas Sensor

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MRS Online Proceedings Library 2007年第1期1010卷 1-7页

作者： XiaoXin Chen Michael Sorenson Clayton Butler Loren Rieth Mark S. Miller Florian Solzbacher Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Utah SLC USA Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Utah Salt Lake City USA Univeristy of Utah Salt Lake City USA University of Utah SLC USA Electrical and Computer Engineering and Material Science Univeristy of Utah SLC USA Electrical and Computer Engineering Material Science and Bioengineering Department University of Utah SLC USA

Microscale (MEMS) gas sensing devices for power plant and automobile exhaust gas are being developed. Bulk BaZrO3 has been previously found to be sensitive to H2O at high temperatures, but was never studied in a thin film form. This research thrust focuses on undoped BaZrO3 and doped BaZrO3 with Y. Thin films were deposited on oxidized n-type silicon substrates at room temperature from ceramic targets with an Ar sputtering ambient. Various deposition pressures and deposition powers were used for the initial investigation. The structural and electrical properties of the deposited films were characterized to investigate their relationships to the deposition process parameters. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to measure the crystal structure of the deposited films, and in particular was used to determine if any crystallographic texture is present in the films. XRD results indicate the as-deposited films are amorphous before annealing. Films sputtered with and without oxygen in the ambient were compared. The crystal structure and morphology of BaZrO3 and BaZrO3 doped with Y after annealing were also determined. The materials changed from amorphous to crystalline after annealing at temperatures of 800 °C and 1000 °C for 3 hours in forming gas (2% H2 balanced with Ar gas) and oxygen. Temperature was found to dominate over deposition conditions in determining the final film structure. Atomic force microscopy was used to examine the morphology of the thin films. Gas sensor test structures using a Pt thin film metallization for interdigitated electrode structures were fabricated for gas sensing measurements. The experiments with the completed test structures measured the materials¡¦ resistivity as a function of temperature and gas concentration. Both materials decrease in resistance with increasing temperature, which is consistent with ionic conduction. Some experiments tested the gas sensitivity and selectivity of the films to the target gas H2O vapor (humidity) and possib

关键词： sensor microelectro-mechanical (MEMS) Ba

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