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Guest editors' introduction: Biocomputation

Computing in science and engineering 2002年第1期4卷 18-18页

作者： Kumar, Srikanta Sastry, Shankar Biocomputation Program DARPA's Information Technology Office United States 3701 N. Fairfax Dr. Arlington VA 22203 United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of California Berkeley CA United States 231 Cory Hall Dept. of Electrical Eng. and Computer Sciences Univ. of California Berkeley CA 947201-770 United States

The juxtaposition of computation and biology opens up a new world of science and technology. Richard Feynman characterizes the young and fast-developing world of computer science as follows: "[it] is like engineering-it is all about getting something to do something."1 Viewed from this perspective, the scope of research and development at this intersection is a vast, two-way street that computer science has to offer to biological science and biotechnology and vice versa. Computational thinking helps characterize, predict, and influence the dynamics of biological processes from molecular to cellular to organ in a way that revolutionizes our understanding of health and drug design. In turn, understanding the architecture and principles of natural biological processes and organization might require new models of computation, which could lead to robustness in the design of large-scale software and hardware systems, a hitherto elusive goal.

关键词： Biology computing DNA Biological system modeling computer science Biological processes Drugs Computational modeling Genetics Genomics Bioinformatics

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Passive and active glass waveguide devices utilizing silicon overlay grating

Passive and active glass waveguide devices utilizing silicon...

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Integrated Photonics Research, IPR 2002

作者： Kim, Jaeyoun Winick, Kim A. Florea, Catalin Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan 1301 heal Avenue Ann ArborMI48109 United States Applied Physics Program University of Michigan 1301 heal Avenue Ann ArborMI48109 United States

Bragg gratings fabricated on top of ion exchanged glass waveguides using PECVD-deposited silicon overlays are reported. The resulting Bragg gratings are characterized and transmission dips at 1536 nm in excess of 18 d... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)1557527229

关键词： Bragg gratings

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Automated algorithm to delineate Z-bands in electron microscopic images of the human skeletal muscle

Automated algorithm to delineate Z-bands in electron microsc...

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IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging, ISBI 2002

作者： Guo, Yu Sun, Ying Manfredi, Thomas G. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Rhode Island 4 East Alumni Avenue KingstonRI02881 United States Exercise Science Program University of Rhode Island 4 East Alumni Avenue KingstonRI02881 United States

ISBN: (纸本)078037584X

The effects of exercise, nutrition, and aging on the development of human skeletal muscles can be observed from the morphological changes of the Z-band under the electron microscope. Quantification of the Z-band damage has provided useful information to exercise physiology research but is usually a labor-intensive process. In this study, an automated image-processing algorithm has been developed to delineate the Z-band with a given start point. The algorithm detects the borders of the Z-band in an incremental fashion along the long axis. At each step of the iteration local border points are detected along radial directions and the centerline is extended toward both ends of the Z-band. The process iterates itself until a stopping criterion is met. The algorithm has been coded in C++ and used in our laboratory for exercise science research. The software has significantly reduced the processing time and provided reliable high-quality data for the study of Z-band damage. © 2002 IEEE.

关键词： Iterative methods

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Surface Organization and Nanopatterning of Collagen by Dip Pen Nanolithography

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Microscopy and Microanalysis 2002年第S2期8卷 1020-1021页

作者： Donna L. Wilson Raquel Martin Mark Cronin-Golomb Chad A. Mirkin David L. Kaplan Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Bioengineering Center Tufts University Medford MA 02155 Departments of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Bioengineering Center Tufts University Medford MA 02155 Northwestern University Department of Chemistry Evanston IL 60208-3113

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Use of molecular beacons to study mixing and hybridization in microfluidic devices

Use of molecular beacons to study mixing and hybridization i...

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International Conference on Microtechnologies in Medicine and Biology

作者： Chuanwu Xi M. Balberg J. Selby S. Boppart L. Raskin Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Urbana-Champaign IL USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Bioengineering Program Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Urbana-Champaign IL USA

We present the use of molecular beacons as sensitive indicators in microfluidic bioMEM devices. A method has been developed to study mixing and hybridization of molecular beacons to target nucleic acids in real time in a microfluidic channel. This method allows quantification of DNA and RNA molecules in solution, i.e., without the prerequisite of an immobilization step necessary in most other hybridization formats. The detection limit for DNA was determined to be in the order of femtomoles. Our results suggest the feasibility of using molecular beacon hybridization in microfluidic devices for the detection of pathogenic bacteria in environmental and medical fluids.

关键词： Microfluidics DNA RNA Microorganisms Kinetic theory Probes Sequences Ultrafast optics Fabrication USA Councils

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Detection of focal epileptiform activity in the EEG: an SVD and dipole model approach

Detection of focal epileptiform activity in the EEG: an SVD ...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： B. Vanrumste R.D. Jones P.J. Bones Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Canterbury Christchurch New Zealand Department of Medical Physics & Bioengineering Christchurch Hospital Christchurch New Zealand Department of Medicine Christchurch School of Medicine and Health Science Christchurch New Zealand

An algorithm has been developed for detection of epileptiform activity in the EEG. The EEG is divided into overlapping epochs, which undergo two steps. The first is singular value decomposition (SVD) which identifies the number of uncorrelated active sources in an epoch. In the second step, EEG dipole source analysis, using a single dipole model, is applied to the EEG. This yields dipole parameters and a relative residual energy (RRE). The detection algorithm triggers an EEG epoch when SVD indicates a dominant source and the RRE is low. The algorithm is applied to simulated EEG generated by two sources which are synchronously and asynchronously active. For the synchronous case the critical measure is the RRE whereas for the asynchronous case both the SVD and RRE are critical. The algorithm has also been applied to real EEG containing two spikes and an eye-blink artifact. The SVD indicated a dominant active source and the RRE was low for all three events. These preliminary results demonstrate the potential of the method for detection of spikes and seizures with a focal origin.

关键词： Epilepsy Electroencephalography Brain modeling Singular value decomposition Detection algorithms Bones Physics Biomedical engineering Hospitals Synchronous generators

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Potential benefits of implementing load control

Potential benefits of implementing load control

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IEEE Winter Meeting Power engineering Society

作者： M. Ilic J.W. Black J.L. Watz Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science MIT Cambridge MA USA Engineering Systems Division in the Technology Management and Policy Program MIT Cambridge MA USA Engineering Systems Division in the Technology and Policy Program MIT Cambridge MA USA

ISBN: (纸本)0780373227

The design of wholesale electricity markets through deregulation has focused almost exclusively on the development of competitive supply (generation). The demand side of the market has been virtually ignored. Mostly, this is due to the assumption that electricity demand is almost completely inelastic. As a result, deregulated wholesale markets universally fail to pass price signals down to the end-users. This paper challenges the assumption of inelastic demand by exploring the potential benefits of implementing a simple load control scheme. This load control scheme allows consumers to shift demand from high priced hours to low priced hours during the day. The benefits to the individual consumer are explored through an example applied to residential air conditioning using price and demand data from California. This example shows that "smart" use of air conditioning can lead to great savings for residential consumers, without sacrificing comfort. The potential for multiple consumers implementing load control to reduce wholesale prices is also examined.

关键词： Load flow control Aggregates Electricity supply industry Power generation Electricity supply industry deregulation Air conditioning Energy management Energy consumption Power engineering and energy Systems engineering and theory

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A SCS CMOS micromirror for optical coherence tomographic imaging

A SCS CMOS micromirror for optical coherence tomographic ima...

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IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems

作者： Huikai Xie Yingtian Pan G.K. Fedder Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA USA Science and Technology Center Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA USA Departments of Medicine and BioEngineering University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA

ISBN: (纸本)0780371852

Reports a single-crystalline silicon (SCS) micromirror used for laser beam scanning in an endoscopic optical coherence tomography (OCT) system. The micromirror is fabricated by using a deep reactive-ion-etch (DRIE) post-CMOS micromachining process. Thin bimorph actuation structures and movable bulk silicon structures are simultaneously achieved. The micromirror is 1 mm by 1 mm in size, coated with aluminum, and thermally actuated by an integrated polysilicon heater. The radius of curvature of the mirror surface is 50 cm. The mirror rotates 17/spl deg/ when a 15 mA current is applied. Cross-sectional images of 500 /spl times/ 1000 pixels covering an area of 2.9 mm by 2.8 mm are acquired at 5 frames/s by using an OCT system based on this micromirror.

关键词： Micromirrors Tomography Optical imaging Mirrors Optical interferometry Temperature Biomedical optical imaging Biomedical imaging Silicon Aluminum

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Instrumentation for imaging of breast lesions based on co-registered diffuse optical and X-ray tomography

Instrumentation for imaging of breast lesions based on co-re...

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Biomedical Topical Meeting, BIOMED 2002

作者： Brukilacchio, Thomas J. Zhang, Quan Stott, Jonathan Li, Ang Boas, David A. Wu, Tao Moore, Richard H. Kopans, Daniel B. Bioengineering Center Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Tufts University MedfordMA02155 United States NMR Center Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School 13th Street Building 149 CharlestownMA0212 United States Physics Department Tufts University MedfordMA02155 United States Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School 13th Street Building 149 CharlestownMA02129 United States

The design and characterization of a multi-modality system is presented for imaging of breast lesions based on co-registered diffuse optical and X-Ray tomography. Inherent limitations of X-Ray are overcome by combinat... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)1557527024

关键词： Imaging systems

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Neural estimation of scatterer density in ultrasound

Neural estimation of scatterer density in ultrasound

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International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)

作者： R. Smolikova M.P. Wachowiak G.D. Tourassi J.M. Zurada Institute for Research and Applications of Fuzzy Modeling University of Ostrava Ostrava Czech Republic Computer Science and Engineering Program University of Louisville Louisville KY USA Department of Radiology Duke University Medical Center Durham NC USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Louisville Louisville KY USA

Ultrasonic backscatter can provide information on the density of scatterers within biological media, and is therefore an important tool in tissue characterization. In this paper, a novel neural network approach to estimate scatterer density from generalized entropy is proposed. Neural estimation compares favorably with nonlinear least-squares models.

关键词： Ultrasonic imaging Rayleigh scattering Acoustic scattering Entropy Backscatter Signal to noise ratio Biomedical engineering Biomedical imaging Biological system modeling Ultrasonic transducers

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