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Role of high energy photons in dual spectral source rapid isothermal CVD

JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS 1997年第10期26卷 1184-1188页

作者： Singh, R Chen, Y Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Material Science and Engineering Program Clemson University Clemson Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Clemson University Clemson

The use of tungsten halogen lamps and the deuterium lamp as the source of thermal and optical energies has been exploited to deposit thin films of Ta2O5 on Si and conducting substrates, The leakage current densities are as low as 10(-10) A/cm(2) for gate voltage under 5V. Photons in visible, ultraviolet, and vacuum ultraviolet (lambda < 800 nm) regions provide higher bulk and surface diffusion coefficients as well as reduced activation energy for the chemical process involved in the chemical vapor deposition process. The low thermal mass of the substrate provides limited reaction processing capability. The photochemical and photophysical processes allow the participating atoms and molecules to adjust their bond geometries and occupy sites which result in overall reduction of stress and strain energy and provide materials with overall low microscopic defects at low processing temperature and with high throughput. New experimental results of Al-Ta2O5-Si3N4-poly Si-Al structure are presented. The leakage current-voltage characteristics are better than those reported by other researchers.

关键词： dielectrics metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) rapid isothermal processing (RIP) Ta2O5

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Characterization of AL-Y alloy thin films deposited by direct current magnetron sputtering

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Journal of Vacuum science & Technology B: Microelectronics Processing and Phenomena 1997年第6期15卷 1990-1990页

作者： Liu, Y. Singh, R. Poole, K. Diefendorf, R.J. Harriss, J. Cannon, K. Materials Science and Engineering Program Clemson University Clemson South Carolina 29634 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Materials Science and Engineering Program Clemson University Clemson South Carolina 29634 Department of Ceramic Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Program Clemson University Clemson South Carolina 29634 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Clemson University Clemson South Carolina 29634 Cryovac North America W. R. Grace & Co. Duncan South Carolina 29334

Thin films of Al-1.27 wt %Y were deposited by dc magnetron sputtering. Adding yttrium to the aluminum drastically reduced the metal’s grain size and also improve the uniformity of grain size distribution. Upon annealing at a temperature of 450 °C for 30 min, grain growth was insignificant, while the electrical resistance dropped from 6.05 to 2.95 μΩ cm. The as deposited films consisted of Al4Y and α-Al supersaturated with yttrium. After annealing, β-Al3Y precipitated instead of α-Al3Y. The Al–Y films had much higher resistance to hillock formation than did Al-1 wt %Si films.

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A Modal Distribution Study of Violin Vibrato 23

A Modal Distribution Study of Violin Vibrato

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23rd International computer Music Conference, ICMC 1997

作者： Mellody, Maureen Wakefield, Gregory H. Applied Physics Program University of Michigan United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan United States

A high-resolution time-frequency distribution is applied to the study of violin vibrato. Our analysis indicates that the frequency modulation induced by the motion of the stopped finger on the string is accompanied by a significant amplitude variation in each partial of that note. We suggest that this amplitude modulation results from the densely-spaced wood resonances of the violin body. Amplitude and frequency estimates for each partial are extracted from the time-frequency surface and used in an additive resynthesis model to generate synthesized violin vibrato. © 1997 International computer Music Conference, ICMC Proceedings. All rights reserved.

关键词： computer music

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Chemical Vapor Deposited Teflon Amorphous Fluoropolymer as an Interlevel Dielectric Material for Low Power Integrated Circuits

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MRS Online Proceedings Library 1997年第1期476卷 207-212页

作者： R. Sharangpani R. Singh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Clemson University Clemson USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Material Science and Engineering Program Clemson University Clemson USA

The development of materials with dielectric constant (K) less than SiO2 (K=3.9) is essential to meet the stringent speed, power dissipation and crosstalk requirements that are driving the low power integrated circuit (IC) paradigm. Both the low K dielectric and the processing methodology used for it should satisfy several important criteria before the technique can be accepted in future mainstream low power IC manufacturing. We had reported earlier a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique for the deposition of DuPont's Teflon amorphous fluoropolymer 1600 (bulk K=1.93) using the principle of direct liquid injection. The processing was carried out with and without an ultra violet (UV) light source in a computerized rapid isothermal processing (RIP) system. Recently, we have extensively characterized the films and examined the suitability of our technique in light of some of the requirements of the future IC industry. Our results indicate that the processed films exceed several of the established dielectric performance standards outlined in recent roadmaps for sub 0.25 μm ICs. The film properties were improved when the UV source was used during processing. CVD processed films in general demonstrated significant improvements in terms of manufacturability, throughput, cost, and dielectric properties over the same films processed by alternate techniques.

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Performance and uniformity of phased-array waveguide grating WDMS with wavelength comb self-alignment

Performance and uniformity of phased-array waveguide grating...

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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)

作者： Wenhua Lin Chau-Han D. Lee Y.J. Chen D.R. Stone Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering and Joint Program for Advanced Electronic Materials University of Maryland

Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) is emerging as one of the dominant technologies for future optical networks.

ISBN: (纸本)0780341252

Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) is emerging as one of the dominant technologies for future optical networks.

关键词： Wavelength division multiplexing Optical crosstalk Arrayed waveguide gratings Optical waveguides Optical fiber networks Testing Optical switches Phased arrays Optical arrays Temperature

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Comparisons of fast 2D-DCT algorithms for parallel programmable digital signal processors

Comparisons of fast 2D-DCT algorithms for parallel programma...

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International Conference on High Performance Computing in the Asia-Pacific Region

作者： Hyuk-Jae Lee Jae-Beom Lee H. Byun Computer Science Program Louisiana Tech University Ruston LA USA Department of Electrical Engineering Columbia University New York NY USA Department of Computer Science Yonsei University Seoul South Korea

Recent advances in technology make it possible to integrate multiple processors into a single chip to build high performance parallel programmable digital signal processors (PPDSPs). These processors are expected to replace many dedicated digital signal processors to implement important image/signal processing algorithms such as discrete cosine transform (DCT). The paper addresses the issue of how to compare fast 2D-DCT algorithms when they are implemented on a PPDSP. Previously, the efficiency of these algorithms is compared based on the number of operations. This comparison is reasonable when these algorithms are implemented on a dedicated DSP. However, this comparison may not be suitable for general-purpose PPDSPs. The paper proposes to use three parameters, the number of data accesses, the number of communications, and the distance of communications, as new criterion for performance comparison of DCT algorithms. An algorithm-level technique is developed to estimate these parameters for DCT algorithms. The comparison results based on the parameters show that the algorithm proposed by Cho and Lee (1991) might be the best choice for a PPDSP unless it requires large overhead for communication between remote processors. In this case, the conventional row-column method with a fast 1D-DCT algorithm might be the most efficient.

关键词： Signal processing algorithms Digital signal processors Digital signal processing chips Discrete cosine transforms Digital signal processing computer science Costs Image coding Parameter estimation Concurrent computing

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Analysis of product codes for frequency-hopped spread-spectrum with partial band interference

Analysis of product codes for frequency-hopped spread-spectr...

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MILCOM, Military Communications Conference

作者： T.C. Nolan W.E. Stark Department of Defense graduate fellowship program Focused Research Initiative agreement Ann Arbor MI USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA

A jamming game is considered. A transmitter encodes the data, in a product code (PC), and transmits it in a slow frequency-hopped spread-spectrum (FHSS) system. A hostile jammer attempts to block correct packet reception by adjusting the fraction of the total band in which it distributes the jam power, /spl rho/. Two cases are considered. In the first case, the transmitter declares his strategy and the jammer uses this information to select his best jamming fraction. In the second case, the jammer declares his strategy first and the transmitter uses this information to select his best rates. Results are obtained using asymptotic analysis of a product code using singly extended Reed-Solomon (RS) row and column codes whose size grows large. This asymptotic analysis leads to good choices of the row and column rates for the PC in both cases.

关键词： Product codes Spread spectrum communication Interference Jamming Decoding Error correction codes Frequency shift keying Error correction Reed-Solomon codes Transmitters

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Incorporating contextual information in white blood cell identification 97

Incorporating contextual information in white blood cell ide...

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Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems

作者： Xubo Song Yaser Abu-Mostafa Joseph Sill Department of Electrical Engineering California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Dept. of Computer Science California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA Computation and Neural Systems Program California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA

In this paper we propose a technique to incorporate contextual information into object classification. In the real world there are cases where the identity of an object is ambiguous due to the noise in the measurements based on which the classification should be made. It is helpful to reduce the ambiguity by utilizing extra information referred to as context, which in our case is the identities of the accompanying objects. This technique is applied to white blood cell classification. Comparisons are made against "no context" approach, which demonstrates the superior classification performance achieved by using context. In our particular application, it significantly reduces false alarm rate and thus greatly reduces the cost due to expensive clinical tests.

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Unification of azo-polymer systems by photo-Induced molecular movement

Unification of azo-polymer systems by photo-Induced molecula...

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Sol-Gel and Polymer Photonic Devices: A Critical Review 1997

作者： Sekkat, Zouheir Knoesen, Andre Knoll, Wolfgang Miller, Robert D. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California DavisCA95616 United States Max -Planck -Institut Für Polymerforschung Ackermannweg 10 Mainz55128 Germany Frontier Research Program Wako Saitama351-01 Japan IBM Research Center Science and Technology 650 Harry Road San JoseCA95120-6099 United States

We review our recent research in the field of photochromic polymeric structures for optical data storage and nonlinear optics. We unify some of the sub -Themes of azopolymer structures in the light of photo -induced movement of azobenzene molecules. In particular, we discuss photo- induced effects in supramolecular assemblies containing azobenzene molecules (e.g. Langmuir- Blodgett -Kuhn structures and ultrathin silane layers). Reorientation of azobenzenes in these structures will be compared to that observed in spin -cast films. Photoisomerization and photo- induced orientation of azobenzene molecules is also studied at the molecular level by means of azosilane molecules chemisorbed on Silicon Oxide substrates. We establish a correlation between polymer architecture and sub -glass transition temperature (Tg) light- induced molecular movement in high Tg nonlinear optical azo- polyimide polymers. We show that the isomerization reaction itself depends on the polymer molecular structure, and we present evidence of light- induced molecular movement 325 °C below Tg of a rigid NLO azopolyimide polymer containing no flexible connector or tether. © (1997) 2017 SPIE.

关键词： Self assembled monolayers

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A parallel approach to digital holographic reconstruction with twin-image removal

A parallel approach to digital holographic reconstruction wi...

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IEEE Southeastcon

作者： Chihyung Tu J. Gerlach Sung-Chi Chu Ting-Chung Poon Computational Sciences Program Radford University Radford VA USA Department of Mathematics Radford University Radford VA USA Department of Computer Science Radford University Radford VA USA Bradley Department of Electrical Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg VA USA

A parallel method developed for reconstructing images from holograms obtained with optical scanning holography is presented. A standard portable message-passing library, MPI or message-passing interface, is used to provide the environment of parallel programming. The parallel method is implemented using a network of workstations. The process of reconstructing images with twin-image removal from holograms is performed in parallel with respect to different reconstruction planes of interest. This process contributes to possible faster three-dimensional object identification to be investigated in future research.

关键词： Holography Image reconstruction Holographic optical components Optical recording Convolution Optical filters Concurrent computing Parallel processing Master-slave Mathematics

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