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Developing a system for the real-time collection and analysis of mobile vehicle emission data

Results in engineering 2024年 23卷

作者： Lin, Yin-Chen Yang, Sheng-Chih Wu, Shu-Cing Chen, Chi-Chun Graduate Institute Prospective Technology of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science National Chin-Yi University of Technology ROC Taiwan Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Chin-Yi University of Technology ROC Taiwan Taiwan Department of Electronic Engineering National Chin-Yi University of Technology ROC Taiwan Taiwan

In this study, an integrated system for remotely monitoring air pollution data was developed. This system combines vehicle exhaust emission data with driving information. It comprises an exhaust extraction device (EED), an improved On-Board Diagnostic II (OBDII) device, a mobile app, and a backend server database. The EED detects exhaust gases such as NOx, COx, and PM2.5 and transmits this information to the OBDII device through 2.4G communication. The OBDII device gathers vehicle driving information through a CAN 2.0 interface, integrates this information with vehicle exhaust emission data, and transmits the integrated information to the app through Bluetooth. The app forwards the integrated data to the backend database through 4G/5G communication for storage. Overall, this system provides a platform for the comprehensive collection, analysis, and application of big data pertaining to vehicle pollution sources and driving behavior. Analysis of actual driving experiments involving three vehicles revealed a correlation of over 80 % between vehicles’ revolutions per minute and CO2 and PM2.5 emissions, indicating that driving behaviors affect vehicle exhaust emissions. In summary, the proposed system not only stores relevant driving information in real time but also provides a platform for the future analysis of driving behavior and vehicle exhaust emissions. © 2024

关键词： Vehicles

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Joint Source Decomposition of Concurrent EEG-FMRI Data in Epilepsy and Control Groups 22

Joint Source Decomposition of Concurrent EEG-FMRI Data in Ep...

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22nd IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging, ISBI 2025

作者： Harding, J. Mason Pourmotabbed, Haatef Li, Yamin Rogge-Obando, Kimberly Wang, Kate Goodale, Sarah E. Wang, Shiyu Bibro, Camden Allee, Bergen Martin, Caroline Morgan, Victoria L. Englot, Dario J. Chang, Catie Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering Vanderbilt University United States Departments of Biomedical Engineering Vanderbilt University United States Departments of Computer Science Vanderbilt University United States Neuroscience Graduate Program Vanderbilt University United States Departments of Radiology Vanderbilt University Medical Center United States Departments of Neurological Surgery Vanderbilt University Medical Center United States Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center Vanderbilt University Medical Center United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798331520526

EEG and fMRI are complementary, noninvasive technologies for investigating human brain function. These modalities have been used to uncover large-scale functional networks and their disruptions in clinical populations. Given the high temporal resolution of EEG and high spatial resolution of fMRI, integrating these modalities can provide a more holistic understanding of brain activity. This work explores a multimodal source decomposition technique for extracting shared modes of temporal variation between fMRI BOLD signals and EEG spectral power fluctuations in the resting state. The resulting components are then compared between patients with focal epilepsy and controls, revealing multimodal network differences between groups. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Brain mapping

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Dimensionality reduction in 3D causal deep learning for neuroimage generation: an evaluation study

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Journal of Medical Imaging 2025年第2期12卷

作者： Ohara, Erik Y. Vigneshwaran, Vibujithan Souza, Raissa Vamosi, Finn G. Wilms, Matthias Forkert, Nils D. University of Calgary Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program CalgaryAB Canada University of Calgary Department of Radiology CalgaryAB Canada University of Calgary Hotchkiss Brain Institute CalgaryAB Canada University of Calgary Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute CalgaryAB Canada University of Calgary Department of Computer Science CalgaryAB Canada University of Calgary Departments of Pediatrics and Community Health Sciences CalgaryAB Canada

Purpose: Causal deep learning (DL) using normalizing flows allows the generation of true counterfactual images, which is relevant for many medical applications such as explainability of decisions, image harmonization, and in-silico studies. However, such models are computationally expensive when applied directly to high-resolution 3D images and, therefore, require image dimensionality reduction (DR) to efficiently process the data. The goal of this work was to compare how different DR methods affect counterfactual neuroimage generation. Approach: Five DR techniques [2D principal component analysis (PCA), 2.5D PCA, 3D PCA, autoencoder, and Vector Quantised-Variational AutoEncoder] were applied to 23,692 3D brain images to create low-dimensional representations for causal DL model training. Convolutional neural networks were used to quantitatively evaluate age and sex changes on the counterfactual neuroimages. Age alterations were measured using the mean absolute error (MAE), whereas sex changes were assessed via classification accuracy. Results: The 2.5D PCA technique achieved the lowest MAE of 4.16 when changing the age variable of an original image. When sex was changed, the autoencoder embedding led to the highest classification accuracy of 97.84% while also significantly impacting the age variable predictions, increasing the MAE to 5.24 years. Overall, 3D PCA provided the best balance, with an age prediction MAE of 4.57 years while maintaining 94.01% sex classification accuracy when altering the age variable and 94.73% sex classification accuracy and the lowest age prediction MAE (3.84 years) when altering the sex variable. Conclusions: 3D PCA appears to be the best-suited DR method for causal neuroimage analysis. © 2025 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE).

关键词： Principal component analysis

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Direct Teaching/Playback Method for the Contact Task of a Six-DOF Manipulator Using a Parallel-Wire-Type Teaching Device with a Remote Center Compliance Device 23

Direct Teaching/Playback Method for the Contact Task of a Si...

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23rd International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems, ICCAS 2023

作者： Okochi, Tatsuya Sakai, Masao Morita, Yoshifumi Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya Institute of Technology Electrical and Mechanical Engineering Program Department of Engineering Gokiso-cho Aichi Nagoya466-8555 Japan Industrial Research Center Aichi Center for Industry and Science Technology Onda-cho 1-157-1 Aichi Kariya-shi448-0013 Japan Nagoya Institute of Technology Department of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering Gokiso-cho Showa-ku Aichi Nagoya466-8555 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9788993215274

This study proposes a direct teaching method for the task of pressing an end effector attached to a robot manipulator against a workpiece with a constant force. When performing contact tasks, such as deburring or polishing using a manipulator, a passive compliance is required for the end effector to suppress excessive contact force and impact. Therefore, we developed an end effector that combines a 'parallel wire-type teaching device,' which enables direct teaching, and a compliance device. In the case of pressing a workpiece with a constant force, after teaching the robot's trajectory to trace the edge of the workpiece, the amount of pressing can be calculated from the stiffness of the end effector and the desired pressing force;the robot's trajectory can be edited to teach contact tasks. An experiment was conducted to press a straight trajectory with a constant force as the target value and evaluate the accuracy of force teaching. © 2023 ICROS.

关键词： End effectors

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PHORTEX: Physically-Informed Operational Robotic Trajectories for Scientific Expeditions

Field Robotics

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Field Robotics 2025年 4卷 138-181页

作者： Victoria L. Preston Genevieve E. Flaspohler John W. Fisher Anna P. M. Michel Nicholas Roy Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Joint Program Cambridge MA 02139 Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Joint Program Cambridge MA 02139 Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole MA 02543

Mobile robots are increasingly used to collect valuable in situ samples during scientific expeditions. However, many phenomena of scientific interest—deep-sea hydrothermal plumes, algal blooms, warm-core eddies, and lava flows—are spatiotemporal distributions that evolve on spatial and temporal scales that complicate sample collection. Here, we consider the problem of charting the space-time dynamics of deep-sea hydrothermal plumes with the state-of-the-art autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) Sentry. In the hydrothermal plume charting problem, the plume state is driven by complicated and unobserved dynamics in the deep sea. To effectively sample the moving plume, an autonomy system must infer plume dynamics from sparse, point observations, while respecting operational constraints of AUV Sentry that restrict the set of possible trajectories to nonadaptive, uniform-coverage patterns. We frame the plume charting problem as a sequential decision-making problem and formulate a mission planner PHORTEX (PHysically-informed Operational Robotic Trajectories for Expeditions) that strategically designs full mission trajectories for Sentry, where each mission plan is informed by the observations of the last. PHORTEX is composed of a trajectory optimizer, which maximizes expected samples collected within a moving plume, and PHUMES (PHysically-informed Uncertainty Models for Environment Spatiotemporality), a modeling framework that leverages an embedded simulator of idealized plume physics as an inductive bias to enable dynamics learning from extreme partial observations and a few Sentry deployments. In both simulation and in field trials at a hydrothermal site in the Gulf of California, we demonstrate that Sentry using PHORTEX learns to track a moving hydrothermal plume and gather samples that significantly improve upon baseline spatial and temporal diversity for use in downstream science tasks.

关键词： Trajectory Sensors Oceans Vehicle dynamics Robot sensing systems Adaptation models Spatiotemporal phenomena Decision making Marine robots Environmental monitoring Mobile robots

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Sentiment Analysis: Indonesia Netflix User's Comment Using Multiple Lexicon-Based Dictionaries

Sentiment Analysis: Indonesia Netflix User's Comment Using M...

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Intelligent Cybernetics Technology & Applications (ICICyTA), International Conference on

作者： Sebastianus Adi Santoso Mola Tiwuk Widiastuti Rosa V. K. Isabela Ohe Roma Andrea Stevens Karnyoto Bens Pardamean Faculty of Science and Engineering University of Nusa Cendana Kupang Indonesia Bioinformatics and Data Science Research Center Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia Computer Science Department BINUS Graduate Program - Master of Computer Science Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia

ISBN: (数字)9798331506490

ISBN: (纸本)9798331506506

A subscription movie streaming service from the United States, Netflix, has been present in Indonesia since 2016 and provides a wide variety of films without showing any single advertisements that can be viewed from anywhere, as long as there is access to the internet. Despite these advantages, many users have complained through the Google Play Store's comments column. Some of the common complaints include frequent buffering and connectivity issues, dissatisfaction with the limited selection of Indonesian movies, lack of subtitles for specific languages, or pricing concerns have also been raised. In this study developed two combined scenario methods using the InSet and SentiStrength_id dictionary to obtain better performance and compare them against independent InSet and SentiStrength_id. This study collected users' comments for the Netflix app in the Google Play Store as a dataset using web scraping techniques through the Google Collaboration tool. The dataset contains 3250 rows spanning the period from January 22, 2024, through June 6, 2024. To ensure proper processing of the text, data cleaning, lowercasing, normalization, tokenization, stemming, and stopwords removal are conducted. The results show that most user opinions are negative. The InSet dictionary has an accuracy of 92%, SentiStrength_id 78%, Combined scenario 1 is 87%, and scenario 2 reaches the highest among others which is 92.52%.

关键词： Sentiment analysis Dictionaries Accuracy Films Collaboration Pricing Motion pictures Tokenization Cleaning Internet

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E-Payment System to Reduce Use of Paper Money for Daily Transactions 4

E-Payment System to Reduce Use of Paper Money for Daily Tran...

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4th International Conference on electrical, computer and Telecommunication engineering, ICECTE 2022

作者： Tayan, Omar Salem, Golam Saleh Ahmed Alginahi, Yasser M Kabir, Muhammad Nomani Department of Scientific Research and Graduate Studies Al-Madinah Al-Munawarrah Saudi Arabia Trust University Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Barishal8200 Bangladesh Adrian College Department of Computer Science AdrianMI United States Trust University Department of Computer Science and Engineering Barishal8200 Bangladesh

ISBN: (纸本)9798350320541

This paper presents a framework of an E-payment system which can be used for daily petty cash transactions. The framework involves communication of encrypted messages through an insecure network using Advanced Encryption System (AES) with a timestamp key. To ensure the message authentication and integrity, the Hash-based Message Authentication Code (HMAC) is used. The associated key in HMAC is considered as a function of the phone Media Access Control (MAC) address as well as the user's biometric data for additional security. Timestamp key is updated each time a transaction takes place. Thus, the framework can be implemented to replace the use of paper money for daily transactions. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Cryptography

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Verification of State Based Slow HTTP DDoS Prevention Method

Verification of State Based Slow HTTP DDoS Prevention Method

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International Conference on Control, Automation and Information sciences (ICCAIS)

作者： Dau Anh Dung Yasuhiro Nakamura Department of Information and Mathematical Sciences Graduate School of Science and Engineering National Defense Academy Yokosuka Japan Department of Computer Science School of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Defense Academy Yokosuka Japan

S1ow HTTP DDoS attacks involve sending numerous requests to a web server at a low rate, prolonging connection durations to saturate the server’s connection pool and disrupt legitimate client access. Detection based on traffic volume monitoring is challenging because of the low traffic volume generated per unit time. Furthermore, attackers employ tactics, such as controlling request transmission rates, timing, and connection durations, to make detection more difficult. Existing mitigation methods statistically process the packet characteristics of an attack, taking at least approximately 20 s for identification and mitigation. Additionally, the false-positive rate for legitimate connections has not been considered, necessitating validation in real-world environments. We proposed a fast detection method that observes the state transitions for each flow of HTTP communication on the network path, cutting off incomplete connections that exceed predefined thresholds for connection duration and idle time. Using data captured from actual attacks, we conducted detection experiments, achieving an average detection and mitigation time of 10 s from the start of the attack. The identification accuracy, as measured by the F1 Score, was 0.986, and the false-positive rate was 0.0096. However, there are concerns about accidentally disconnecting legitimate traffic when applying this method to web servers handling a large number of HTTP communications. Therefore, in this study, we used a web server simulating real-world operations to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method and measured a false positive rate of 0.0013, confirming the efficacy of the proposed approach.

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Fuzzy Logic for Assessing the Health of a Corn Crop within Family Farming

Fuzzy Logic for Assessing the Health of a Corn Crop within F...

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Latin America Congress on Computational Intelligence (LA-CCI)

作者： Vanessa Mendonça Mikael Santos Daniel M. Muñoz Carlos Humberto Llanos Department of Computer Science Federal Institute of Brasilia Department of Mechanical Engineering Mechatronics Graduate Program Department of Agronomy Federal Institute of Brasilia Faculty of Gama Electronics Engineering Undergraduate Program University of Brasilia Brasilia DF Brazil

ISBN: (数字)9798350374575

ISBN: (纸本)9798350374582

Technological advancements are increasingly evident across various sectors, including automobiles, industry, and healthcare. In precision agriculture, significant progress has been made, with AgroTICs and Smart Agriculture gaining substantial traction in the market. However, a gap remains between cutting-edge technology and family farming, presenting a challenge from both social and applied research perspectives. However, there is still a gap between cutting-edge technology and family farming, which creates a challenge from a social and applied research point of view. In this context, this paper proposes a monitoring model based on Fuzzy Logic and sensor automation applied to estimate the health of a corn crop. The proposed Fuzzy inference system involves calculating an indicator of nutrients as well as the average color and area of corn plants. The nutrient indicator is automatically computed by an ESP32 microcontroller using sensor readings, while the average color and area inputs are manually entered via a mobile application. Additionally, the Fuzzy inference is integrated into the ESP32. The model underwent experimental validation on the health of the plantation, and the results were evaluated in four areas: one was designated for testing, and three were for validation. The model achieved an accuracy of 97.5% in Scenario 3, categorized as ’Very Favorable’, and an accuracy of 65% in Scenarios 2 and 4, categorized as ‘Unfavorable’. The implications of this research contribute to the advancement of AgroTICs among small producers, with the potential to enhance and automate the monitoring of their harvest production.

关键词： Fuzzy logic Accuracy Computational modeling Plantations Crops Production Color Nutrients Monitoring Fuzzy systems

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DCGAN-based Medical Image Augmentation to Improve ELM Classification Performance 11

DCGAN-based Medical Image Augmentation to Improve ELM Classi...

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11th IEEE International Conference on Communication, Networks and Satellite, COMNETSAT 2022

作者： Rando Setiawan, Noor Akhmad Permanasari, Adhistya Erna Rulaningtyas, Riries Suksmono, Andriyan Bayu Sitanggang, Imas Sukaesih Universitas Gadjah Mada Dept. of Electrical and Information Engineering Yogyakarta Indonesia Biomedical Engineering Program Dept. of Physics Universitas Airlangga Surabaya Indonesia Institut Teknologi Bandung School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Bandung Indonesia Ipb University Department of Computer Science Bogor Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9781665460309

Cervical cancer is one of the deadliest diseases in women. One of the cervical cancer screening methods is pap smear method. However, using a pap smear method to detect cervical cancer takes a long time for a pathologist to diagnose. Hence, a rapid development of medical computerization for early detection to get the results quickly is needed. This paper proposes synthetic data augmentation by using Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Network (DCGAN) to increase number of pap smear samples in dataset. Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) is employed to extract features from dataset. Classification of 3 classes which are Adenocarcinoma, High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (HSIL), and Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) is conducted using Extreme Learning Machine (ELM). The result shows that the addition of synthetic data improves the performance of ELM with the accuracy of 90%. This accuracy is better than the accuracy of ELM using only the original dataset which is 85%. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Generative adversarial networks

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