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Carbon nanostructure field emission devices

Journal of Vacuum science and Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures 2006年第2期24卷 1008-1012页

作者： Wong, Y.M. Kang, W.P. Davidson, J.L. Soh, K.L. Choi, B.K. Hofmeister, W. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235 Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Material Science Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235 Department of Chemical Engineering Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235

The microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD) method is capable of synthesizing various forms of carbon allotropes such as diamond, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and diamondlike carbon (DLC) while varying the growth parameters or utilizing substrate coated with catalytic thin film. In this article, needlelike carbon nanostructures (CNs) were synthesized utilizing high power (5 kW) and high working pressure (120 Torr) MPCVD on a thin catalytic film of nickel with a diffusion barrier layer of titanium on a micropatterned silicon substrate. The effects of in situ doping by trimethylboron (TMB) on the morphologies and field emission properties of the CNs were also investigated. Straight, needlelike CNs with random orientation were obtained for 15 min growth time with or without TMB doping. However, the CNs appear to transform into diamondlike nanocrystals after prolonged growth of 30 min with TMB doping. Unlike MPCVD grown CNTs, it was found that the CNs have strong adhesion to the substrate and could withstand postgrowth processing such as ultrasonic agitation cleaning in solvents. Field emission tests performed show that in situ TMB doping of the patterned needlelike CNs lowers the turn-on field of the cathode. A vacuum field emission triode with self-aligned gate utilizing CNs as the field emitter is also fabricated. © 2006 American Vacuum Society.

关键词： Carbon nanotubes

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Genetic programming with incremental learning for grammatical inference

Genetic programming with incremental learning for grammatica...

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6th international Conference on Hybrid Intelligent Systems and 4th Conference on Neuro-Computing and Evolving Intelligence, HIS-NCEI 2006

作者： Rodrigues, Ernesto Lopes, Heitor Silvério Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Federal University of Technology - Paraná Av. 7 de setembro 3165 80230-901 Curitiba Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)0769526624

We present an evolutionary algorithm for the inference of context-free grammars from positive and negative examples. The algorithm is based on genetic programming and uses a local optimization operator that is capable of improving the learning task. Ordinary genetic operators are modified so as to bias the search. The system was evaluated using Tomita 's language examples and results were compared with another similar approach. Results show that the proposed approach is promising and more robust than the other one. © 2006 IEEE.

关键词： Context free grammars

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GA optimization of OBF TS fuzzy models with linear and non linear local models

GA optimization of OBF TS fuzzy models with linear and non l...

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9th Brazilian Symposium on Neural Networks, SBRN'06

作者： Medeiros, Anderson V. Amaral, Wagner C. Campello, Ricardo J. G. B. State University of Campinas School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Campinas SP 13083-970 Brazil Catholic University of Santos Graduate Program in Computer Science Santos SP 11070-906 Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)0769526802

OBF (Orthonormal Basis Function) Fuzzy models have shown to be a promising approach to the areas of nonlinear system identification and control since they exhibit several advantages over those dynamic model topologies usually adopted in the literature. Although encouraging application results have been obtained, no automatic procedure had yet been developed to optimize the design parameters of these models. This paper elaborates on the use of a genetic algorithm (GA) especially designed for this task, in which a fitness function based on the Akaike information criterion plays a key role by considering both model accuracy and parsimony aspects. The use of linear (actually affine) and nonlinear local models is also investigated. The proposed methodology is evaluated in the modeling of a real nonlinear magnetic levitation system. © 2006 IEEE.

关键词： Fuzzy sets

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Genetic programming with Incremental Learning for Grammatical Inference

Genetic Programming with Incremental Learning for Grammatica...

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international Conference on Hybrid Intelligent Systems (HIS)

作者： Ernesto Rodrigues Heitor Silverio Lopes Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Federal University of Technology of Paraná (UTFPR) Curitiba Brazil

We present an evolutionary algorithm for the inference of context-free grammars from positive and negative examples. The algorithm is based on genetic programming and uses a local optimization operator that is capable of improving the learning task. Ordinary genetic operators are modified so as to bias the search. The system was evaluated using Tomitas language examples and results were compared with another similar approach. Results show that the proposed approach is promising and more robust than the other one.

关键词： Grammar Production Genetic programming Sociology Statistics Inference algorithms

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GA Optimization of OBF TS Fuzzy Models with Linear and Non Linear Local Models

GA Optimization of OBF TS Fuzzy Models with Linear and Non L...

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Brazilian Symposium on Neural Networks

作者： Anderson V. Medeiros Wagner C. Amaral Ricardo J. G. B. Campello School of Electrical and Computer Engineering State University of Campinas Sao Paulo Brazil Graduate Program in Computer Science Catholic University of Santos Sao Paulo Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9780769531960

关键词： Fuzzy control Fuzzy systems Nonlinear systems Control system synthesis Automatic control Nonlinear control systems Nonlinear dynamical systems Topology Design optimization Genetic algorithms

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Reconfigurable crossbar switch architecture for network processors

Reconfigurable crossbar switch architecture for network proc...

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IEEE international Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)

作者： H.C. Freitas M.B. Carvalho A.M. Amaral A.R.M. Diniz C.A.P.S. Martins L.E.S. Ramos Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil Computer Science Rutgers University NJ USA

This paper presents the proposal and development of a reconfigurable crossbar switch (RCS) architecture for network processors. Its main purpose is to increase the performance, and flexibility for environments with multiprocessors and computer clusters. The results include VHDL simulation of RCS and the use of it in a broadcast function implementation, found in message passing support middleware

关键词： Switches Engines Field programmable gate arrays Network topology computer architecture Proposals Communication switching Circuit topology Broadcasting Application specific integrated circuits

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Custom error control schemes for energy efficient bluetooth sensor networks

Custom error control schemes for energy efficient bluetooth ...

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international Symposium on Telecommunications

作者： Joao H. Kleinschmidt Walter C. Borelli Marcelo E. Pellenz Department of Telematics School of Electrical and Computer Engineering State University of Campinas Sao Paulo Brazil Graduate Program in Computer Science Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná Curitiba Parana Brazil

This paper analyzes the effect of custom error control schemes on the energy efficiency in Bluetooth sensor networks. The energy efficiency metric considers in just one parameter the energy and reliability constraints of the wireless sensor networks. New packet types are introduced using some error control strategies in the AUX1 packet, such as Hamming and BCH codes, with and without CRC for error detection. Two adaptive techniques are proposed that change the error control strategy based on the number of hops traversed by a packet through the network. The performance results are obtained through simulations in a channel with Rayleigh fading for networks with different number of hops, showing that error control can improve the energy efficiency of a Bluetooth-based sensor network.

关键词： Error correction Energy efficiency Bluetooth Wireless sensor networks Media Access Protocol Energy consumption Sensor phenomena and characterization Automatic repeat request Analytical models Cyclic redundancy check

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Chitosan for biofunctionalization of microsystems

Chitosan for biofunctionalization of microsystems

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2006 IEEE/NLM Life science Systems and Applications Workshop, LiSA 2006

作者： Koev, Stephan T. Powers, Michael A. Badilita, Vlad Yi, Hyunmin Bentley, William E. Payne, Gregory F. Rubloff, Gary W. Ghodssi, Reza Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 Department of Chemical Engineering University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 Bioengineering Graduate Program University of Maryland College Park MD 20742

ISBN: (纸本)1424402786

We present the use of the polysaccharide chitosan for immobilizing biomolecules on microfabricated device surfaces. The main advantages of chitosan are its abundance of primary amine groups and its ability to be electrodeposited. Biomolecules are easily attached to chitosan's amines by standard glutaraldehyde chemistry. The electrodeposition of chitosan allows accurate spatial and temporal control of biomolecule placement. We have demonstrated this biofunctionalization method for two different BioMEMS devices: a biophotonic sensor and a micromechanical biosensor. We have successfully assembled probe DNA on each of them and detected hybridization with target DNA as a demonstration of sensor operation. Here, we briefly present the fabrication procedure and testing results for both of these BioMEMS sensing devices. © 2006 IEEE.

关键词： Microsystems

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A Supervised Constructive Neuro-Immune Network for Pattern Classification

A Supervised Constructive Neuro-Immune Network for Pattern C...

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international Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)

作者： H. Knidel L. Nunes de Castro F.J. Von Zuben Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Bioinspired Computing-LBiC Department of Computer Engineering and Industrial Automation-DCA School of Electrical and Computer Engineering-FEEC State University of Campinas-UNICAMP Sao Paulo Brazil Graduate Program in Computer Science Catholic University of Santos Sao Paulo Brazil

This paper proposes a supervised version of a learning algorithm for a constructive neuro-immune network. The proposed methodology is developed by taking ideas from the immune system and learning vector quantization. The resulting classification algorithm is characterized by high-performance, similar to the ones produced by alternative methods in the literature, and parsimonious solutions, with a much smaller set of prototypes per class when compared with the other approaches. The number of prototypes is automatically defined by the convergence criterion. The algorithm requires a single user-defined parameter for training, associated with the convergence criterion, and the computational cost is sufficiently reduced to support applications involving large data sets.

关键词： Pattern classification Immune system Neurons Supervised learning Vector quantization Classification algorithms Prototypes Clustering algorithms Unsupervised learning Artificial neural networks

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The Attacking Method for DC Components Watermarking

The Attacking Method for DC Components Watermarking

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international Conference on Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing (IIHMSP)

作者： Pei-wei Tsai Shu-chuan Chu Ching-sung Lu Jui-fang Chang Hsing-yuan Liao Department of Electronic Engineering National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences Taiwan Department of Information Engineering Tajen University Taiwan Department of Graduate Institute of International Business National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences Taiwan College of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science USA

In this paper we present two methods to remove the watermark from the carrier image, which is embedded in dc components of the discrete cosine transform based image using the method presented by Huang et al. [1] The first method, which we present, removes the watermark via varying the energies in frequency domain and redeeming the luminance in spatial domain; the second method we present removes the watermark through diversifying the intensity of dc components in transform domain. Both the two methods can remove the watermark and avoid to be detected that the image was hidden a watermark by the detection criterion. In addition, though we cleaned the watermark from the watermarked image, the PSNR of the cleaned image (compared with the original carrier image) is still high.

关键词： Watermarking Discrete cosine transforms PSNR Random sequences Data mining Switches Educational institutions computer science Frequency domain analysis Robustness

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