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arXiv 2021年

作者： Zhang, Jiangbo Yuan, Deming Wang, Lei Altafini, Claudio Shi, Guodong School of Sciences Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu China Research School of Engineering The Australian National University CanberraACT Australia School of Automation Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing China Australian Center for Field Robotics The University of Sydney SydneyNSW2008 Australia Division of Automatic Control Department of Electrical Engineering Linköping University LinköpingSE-58183 Sweden Australian Center for Field Robotics School of Aerospace Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering The University of Sydney SydneyNSW2008 Australia

In this paper, we study the evolution of opinions over social networks with bounded confidence in social cliques. Node initial opinions are independently and identically distributed;at each time step, nodes review the average opinions of a randomly selected local clique. The clique averages may represent local group pressures on peers. Then nodes update their opinions under bounded confidence: only when the difference between an agent individual opinion and the corresponding local clique pressure is below a threshold, this agent opinion is updated according to the DeGroot rule as a weighted average of the two values. As a result, this opinion dynamics is a generalization of the classical Deffuant-Weisbuch model in which only pairwise interactions take place. First of all, we prove conditions under which all node opinions converge to finite limits. We show that in the limits the event that all nodes achieve a consensus, and the event that all nodes achieve pairwise distinct limits, i.e., social disagreements, are both nontrivial events. Next, we show that opinion fluctuations may take place in the sense that at least one agent in the network fails to hold a converging opinion trajectory. In fact, we prove that this fluctuation event happens with a strictly positive probability, and also constructively present an initial value event under which the fluctuation event arises with probability one. These results add to the understanding of the role of bounded confidence in social opinion dynamics, and the possibility of fluctuation reveals that bringing in cliques in Deffuant-Weisbuch models have fundamentally changed the behavior of such opinion dynamical processes. © 2021, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Dynamics

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Schottky barrier height engineering In β-Ga2O3 using SiO2interlayer dielectric

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Bhattacharyya, Arkka Ranga, Praneeth Saleh, Muad Roy, Saurav Scarpulla, Michael A. Lynn, Kelvin G. Krishnamoorthy, Sriram Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Utah Salt Lake CityUT84112 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Utah Salt Lake CityUT84112 United States Materials Science & Engineering Program Center for Materials Research Washington State University PullmanWA99164 United States Materials Science & Engineering Program Center for Materials Research School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Department of Physics Washington State University PullmanWA99164 United States

This paper reports on the modulation of Schottky barrier heights (SBH) on three different orientations of βGa2O3 by insertion of an ultra-thin SiO2 dielectric interlayer at the metal-semiconductor junction, which can potentially lower the Fermi-level pinning (FLP) effect due to metal-induced gap states (MIGS). Pt and Ni metal-semiconductor (MS) and metal-interlayer-semiconductor (MIS) Schottky barrier diodes were fabricated on bulk n-type doped β-Ga2O3 single crystal substrates along the (010), (-201) and (100) orientations and were characterized by room temperature current-voltage (I-V) and capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurements. Pt MIS diodes exhibited 0.53 eV and 0.37 eV increment in SBH along the (010) and (-201) orientations respectively as compared to their respective MS counterparts. The highest SBH of 1.81 eV was achieved on the (010)-oriented MIS SBD using Pt metal. The MIS SBDs on (100)-oriented substrates exhibited a dramatic increment (>1.5×) in SBH as well as reduction in reverse leakage current. The use of thin dielectric interlayers can be an efficient experimental method to modulate SBH of metal/Ga2O3 junctions. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Schottky barrier diodes

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A 191 mV/pH Sensitivity and 2219 FPS Frame Rate CMOS Ion Image Sensor

A 191 mV/pH Sensitivity and 2219 FPS Frame Rate CMOS Ion Ima...

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IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)

作者： Mingzheng Duan Xiaopeng Zhong Jiaqi Chen Feng Gao Yi-Kuen Lee Amine Bermak Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong SAR College of Science and Engineering Hamad Bin Khalifa University Doha Qatar Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong SAR Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong SAR College of Science and Engineering Hamad Bin Khalifa University Doha Qatar

ISBN: (数字)9781728133201

ISBN: (纸本)9781728133218

This paper presents a high sensitivity and high frame rate hydrogen ion image sensor in standard CMOS process for high accuracy and high throughput hydrogen ion monitoring. A novel ion-to-current-to-voltage sensing front-end using 2-transistor (2T) and a column capacitive transimpedance instrumentation amplifier (CTIA) enable high pixel density, high sensitivity and rapid response time. A column successive approximate register (SAR)-Single Slope (SS) dual-mode analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is employed as it outperforms SS ADC on quantization speed and power efficiency while occupies less chip area to be able to fit in a pixel column compared with SAR ADC. Due to the novel sensing front-end and dual-mode ADC employed, the proposed CMOS ion image sensor system achieves a simulated 191mV/pH sensitivity and 2219 fps frame rate.

关键词： Ions Sensors Sensitivity Quantization (signal) Image sensors Passivation Capacitors

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Risk-Aware Motion Planning for a Limbed Robot with Stochastic Gripping Forces Using Nonlinear Programming

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Shirai, Yuki Lin, Xuan Tanaka, Yusuke Mehta, Ankur Hong, Dennis Robotics and Mechanisms Laboratory Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of California Los AngelesCA90095 United States Laboratory for Embedded Machines and Ubiquitous Robotics Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Los AngelesCA90095 United States

We present a motion planning algorithm with probabilistic guarantees for limbed robots with stochastic gripping forces. Planners based on deterministic models with a worst-case uncertainty can be conservative and inflexible to consider the stochastic behavior of the contact, especially when a gripper is installed. Our proposed planner enables the robot to simultaneously plan its pose and contact force trajectories while considering the risk associated with the gripping forces. Our planner is formulated as a nonlinear programming problem with chance constraints, which allows the robot to generate a variety of motions based on different risk bounds. To model the gripping forces as random variables, we employ Gaussian Process regression. We validate our proposed motion planning algorithm on an 11.5 kg six-limbed robot for two-wall climbing. Our results show that our proposed planner generates various trajectories (e.g., avoiding low friction terrain under the low risk bound, choosing an unstable but faster gait under the high risk bound) by changing the probability of risk based on various specifications. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Stochastic systems

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Characterization of more than three years of in-orbit radiation damage of SiPMs on GRBAlpha and VZLUSAT-2 CubeSats

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Řípa, Jakub Dafčíková, Marianna Kosík, Pavel Münz, Filip Ohno, Masanori Galgóczi, Gábor Werner, Norbert Pál, András Mészáros, László Csák, Balázs Fukazawa, Yasushi Takahashi, Hiromitsu Mizuno, Tsunefumi Nakazawa, Kazuhiro Odaka, Hirokazu Ichinohe, Yuto Kapuš, Jakub Hudec, Jan Frajt, Marcel Rezenov, Maksim Dániel, Vladimír Svoboda, Petr Dudáš, Juraj Sabol, Martin László, Róbert Koleda, Martin Ďuríšková, Michaela Szakszonová, Lea Kolář, Martin Husáriková, Nikola Breuer, Jean-Paul Hroch, Filip Vítek, Tomáš Veřtát, Ivo Urbanec, Tomáš Povalač, Aleš Kasal, Miroslav Hanák, Peter Šmelko, Miroslav Topinka, Martin Chang, Hsiang-Kuang Liu, Tsung-Che Lin, Chih-Hsun Hu, Chin-Ping Tsao, Che-Chih Department of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics Faculty of Science Masaryk University Czech Republic Wigner Research Centre for Physics Budapest Hungary Konkoly Observatory Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences Budapest Hungary Department of Physics Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University Higashi-Hiroshima Japan Department of Physics Nagoya University Aichi Nagoya Japan Czech Aerospace Research Centre Prague Czech Republic Spacemanic Ltd. Bratislava Slovakia Department of Physics The University of Tokyo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science Saitama Japan University of West Bohemia Department of Applied Electronics and Telecommunications Plzeň Czech Republic Department of Radio Electronics Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication Brno University of Technology Brno Czech Republic Faculty of Aeronautics Technical University of Kosice Košice Slovakia Needronix Ltd. Bratislava Slovakia INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari CA Selargius Italy Institute of Astronomy National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Institute of Physics National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan Institute of Physics Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan Department of Physics National Changhua University of Education Changhua City Taiwan Department of Power Mechanical Engineering National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan EDIS vvd. Košice Slovakia

It is well known that silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) are prone to radiation damage. With the increasing popularity of SiPMs among new spaceborne missions, especially on CubeSats, it is of paramount importance to characterize their performance in space environment. In this work, we report the in-orbit ageing of SiPM arrays, so-called multi-pixel photon counters (MPPCs), using measurements acquired by the GRBAlpha and VZLUSAT-2 CubeSats at low Earth orbit (LEO) spanning over three years, which in duration is unique. GRBAlpha is a 1U CubeSat launched on March 22, 2021, to a 550 km altitude sun-synchronous polar orbit (SSO) carrying on board a gamma-ray detector based on CsI(Tl) 1 scintillator readout by eight MPPCs and regularly detecting gamma-ray transients such as gamma-ray bursts and solar flares in the energy range of ∼ 30 - 900 keV. VZLUSAT-2 is a 3U CubeSat launched on January 13, 2022 also to a 550 km altitude SSO carrying on board, among other payloads, two gamma-ray detectors similar to the one on GRBAlpha. We have flight-proven the Hamamatsu MPPCs S13360-3050 PE and demonstrated that MPPCs, shielded by 2.5 mm of PbSb alloy, can be used in an LEO environment on a scientific mission lasting beyond three years. This manifests the potential of MPPCs being employed in future satellites. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Gamma rays

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A game theoretic approach for responding to cyber-attacks on nuclear power plants 11

A game theoretic approach for responding to cyber-attacks on...

引用

11th Nuclear Plant Instrumentation, Control, and Human-Machine Interface Technologies, NPIC and HMIT 2019

作者： Zhao, Yunfei Huang, Linan Smidts, Carol Zhu, Quanyan Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Ohio State University 201 W 19th Ave ColumbusOH43210 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering New York University 2 Metrotech Center Brooklyn11201 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780894487835

As digital systems are being more widely employed in nuclear power plants, the potential for serious consequences caused by cyber-attacks on the plants has drawn increasing attention to cyber-security issues in the nuclear industry. Current practices focus on strategies for preventing cyber-attacks, while little research has been done on how to respond to cyber-attacks when they are detected. In this paper, we propose a game theoretic approach for responding to cyber-attacks on nuclear power plants. The interaction between the defender and the attacker is modeled as a two-player, nonzero-sum, stochastic game, which generalizes both Markov decision processes (MDP) and repeated games. We propose an approach for identifying system states and state transitions, and apply probabilistic risk assessment to obtain credible transition probabilities between system states under the action pair of defender and attacker. The Nash Equilibrium of the game provides the valid prediction of both players' actions because no single player can benefit from unilaterally deviating from the equilibrium policy if the other player adheres to his/hers, hence it provides the best response of the defender to cyber-attacks. Dynamic programming represents the long-term cumulative utility in a recursive form and we form an equivalent nonlinear program to derive the equilibrium. As a case study, the proposed approach is applied to a simplified benchmark digital feedwater control system. The modeling of the system is presented, and discussions on both the equilibrium policy and state values obtained are provided. © 2018 Westinghouse Electric Company LLC All Rights Reserved

关键词： Decision making

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Optical reservoir computing for lung tumor movement prediction in radiation therapy applications

Optical reservoir computing for lung tumor movement predicti...

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Frontiers in Optics, FIO 2019 - Part of Frontiers in Optics + Laser science APS/DLS

作者： Hollingsworth, Alex McDonald, Nathan Ji, Wei Shi, Chengyu Beninati, Steven Rena Huang, Z. Department of Electrical Computer and Systems Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 110 8th Street TroyNY12180 United States Air Force Research Laboratory 26 Electronics Parkway RomeNY13114 United States Department of Mechanical Aerospace and Nuclear Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 110 8th Street TroyNY12180 United States Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center 480 Red Hill Road MiddletownNJ07748 United States

An optical reservoir computer (ORC) is used to predict the motion of lung tumors during radiation therapy procedures. The ORC shows comparable accuracy to traditional neural networks with vastly increased computation ... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781943580675

关键词： Tumors

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Preface

Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering

引用

Lecture Notes in electrical engineering 2022年 820卷 v页

作者： Chanda, Chandan Kumar Szymanski, Jerzy R. Sikander, Afzal Mondal, Pranab Kumar Acharjee, Dulal Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology West Bengal Shibpur India Department of Electrical Drives Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technology and Humanity Radom Poland Instrumentation and Control Engineering Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Punjab Jalandhar India Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati India Computer Science Applied Computer Technology West Bengal Kolkata India

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Flocking of V-shaped and Echelon Northern Bald Ibises with Different Wingspans: Repositioning and Energy Saving

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Mirzaeinia, Amir Mirzaeinia, Mehdi Hassanalian, Mostafa Department of Computer Science and Engineering New Mexico Tech SocorroNM87801 United States Department of Electrical Engineering Amir Kabir University of Technology Tehran Iran Department of Mechanical Engineering New Mexico Tech SocorroNM87801 United States

V-shaped and echelon formations help migratory birds to consume less energy for migration. As the case study, the formation flight of the Northern Bald Ibises is considered to investigate different effects on their flight efficiency. The effects of the wingtip spacing and wingspan are examined on the individual drag of each Ibis in the flock. Two scenarios are considered in this study, (1) increasing and (2) decreasing wingspans toward the tail. An algorithm is applied for replacement mechanism and load balancing of the Ibises during their flight. In this replacing mechanism, the Ibises with the highest value of remained energy are replaced with the Ibises with the lowest energy, iteratively. The results indicate that depending on the positions of the birds with various sizes in the flock, they consume a different level of energy. Moreover, it is found that also small birds have the chance to take the lead during the flock. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Birds

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Joint user association and resource allocation in heterogeneous cellular networks: Comparison of two modeling approaches

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2019年

作者： Fooladivanda, Dariush Rosenberg, Catherine Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of California San Diego Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Waterloo

The performance of different combinations of user association (UA) and resource allocation (RA) in heterogeneous cellular networks has been extensively studied using a classic modeling approach based on system snapshots. There have been also many studies focusing on the dynamics of the system using queueing models. These modeling approaches are rarely compared with each other though they each bring different insights to the design problem. In this paper, we consider a queueing model-based approach to study the interplay of UA and RA, and compare the results to those obtained using snapshot models. Specifically, we formulate three different joint UA and RA optimization problems corresponding to the following three performance metrics: The maximum achievable arrival rate, the average system delay, and the maximum per-user delay. These problems are non-convex integer programs. We have therefore developed numerical techniques to compute either their exact solutions or tight lower bounds. We obtain results for different combinations of RA and UA schemes, and compare the trends with those obtained via the snapshot approach. The trends on RA are very similar, which we take as a cross-validation of the two modeling approaches for this kind of problem. The trends on user association are somewhat different which indicates a lack of robustness of the results and the need for a careful validation of UA models. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Resource allocation

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