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IEEE Conference on Wireless Communications and Networking

作者： Shuhao Zeng Boya Di Hongliang Zhang Zhu Han H. Vincent Poor School of Electronic and Computer Engineering Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Princeton University USA School of Electronics Peking University Beijing China Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of Houston USA Department of Computer Science and Engineering Kyung Hee University South Korea

ISBN: (数字)9798350368369

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368376

Extremely large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO) is expected to play an important role in future sixth generation (6G) networks. Most existing works in this area focus on single-polarized XL-MIMO, where transceivers transmit and receive signals in only one polarization direction, leading to degraded data rates. To improve multiplexing performance, in this paper, we investigate downlink XL-MIMO networks with dual-polarized antennas. However, unlike conventional dual-polarized massive MIMO, the cross-polarization discrimination (XPD) of channels vary across base station antennas in dual-polarized XL-MIMO due to the enlarged antenna aperture, leading to following two challenges. First, conventional near-far field boundary is insufficient as it only accounts for phase differences across array elements while irrespective of XPD differences. Second, existing transmit covariance optimization methods developed for dual-polarized massive MIMO cannot be directly utilized, since they are developed based on uniform XPD and pathloss assumptions. To address these challenges, we model the variations of XPD across antennas, based on which a non-uniform XPD distance is introduced to complement existing near-far field boundary. Based on the new distance criterion, we propose an efficient scheme for optimizing the transmit covariance, which considers the non-uniform XPD and pathloss. Numerical results validate our analysis and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

关键词： 6G mobile communication Phased arrays Multiplexing Transmitting antennas Optimization methods Massive MIMO Downlink Aperture antennas Transceivers Numerical models

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Open Wireless Digital Twin: End-to-End 5G Mobility Emulation in O-RAN Framework

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Iye, Tetsuya Sakamoto, Masaya Takaya, Shohei Sato, Eisaku Susukida, Yuki Nagaoka, Yu Maruta, Kazuki Nakazato, Jin Kozo Keikaku Engineering Inc. Tokyo Japan Department of Electronics and Computer Systems Graduate School of Engineering Takushoku University Tokyo Japan Department of Electrical Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Tokyo University of Science Tokyo Japan Graduate School of Information Science and Technology The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan

This paper presents an end-to-end wireless digital twin platform constructed using open-source software and open data to enhance the evaluation of mobile communication systems. The proposed open wireless digital twin (OWDT) integrates OpenAirInterface (OAI) for 5G NR protocol stack emulation and NVIDIA Sionna RT for high-resolution ray tracing based radio propagation modeling. This integration enables realistic emulation of vehicular mobility scenarios, leveraging real-world geographic and building data to bridge the gap between theoretical simulations and real-world deployments. The platform utilizes ORAN’s Near-RT RIC via OAI FlexRIC to dynamically monitor key performance indicators (KPIs) such as RSRP, MCS, BLER, and throughput in real time. Through extensive evaluation in urban environments, this study demonstrates the validity of the emulation framework, revealing its capability to replicate real-world communication dynamics with high fidelity. The results underscore the potential of OWDT in accelerating wireless system development, reducing experimental costs, and optimizing network configurations. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： 5G mobile communication systems

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Multi-modal Multitask Learning Model for Simultaneous Classification of Two Epilepsy Biomarkers 27th

Multi-modal Multitask Learning Model for Simultaneous Classi...

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27th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, ICPR 2024

作者： Broti, Nawara Mahmood Sawada, Masaki Takayama, Yutaro Iijima, Keiya Iwasaki, Masaki Ono, Yumie Electrical Engineering Program Graduate School of Science and Technology Meiji University Kanagawa Kawasaki Japan Department of Neurosurgery Yokohama City University Hospital Kanagawa Yokohama Japan Department of Neurosurgery National Center Hospital National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Tokyo Kodaira Japan Department of Electronics and Bioinformatics School of Science and Technology Meiji University Kanagawa Kawasaki Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9783031781971

Accurate estimation of the epileptogenic zone is critical for surgical treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy. While epilepsy biomarkers detection for epileptogenic zone localization has traditionally relied on expert clinician knowledge, the use of deep learning in this context has recently gained appeal for objective diagnosis and reducing clinician burden. However, previously proposed classifiers for electrocorticogram data focused on only single biomarkers among many types, requiring separate models and large datasets for each. To minimize clinicians’ workload and patients’ sufferings, innovative methods to classify multiple biomarkers using small training datasets and minimal computation time is required. This research marks the first implementation of multi-modal multitask learning in epilepsy biomarker classification, proposing a model to automatically classify two biomarkers—high-frequency oscillations (HFO) and interictal epileptiform discharges (IED)—from separate datasets simultaneously. We validated the proposed model on 1500 annotated HFO and IED candidate signals each, obtained from 5 patients. Our proposed model can perform both HFO and IED classification simultaneously, with cross-validation accuracies of 90.99% and 93.99%;F1 scores were reported as 0.80 and 0.82, respectively. Our leave-one-patient-out experiments achieved 78.03% and 81.19% accuracy for HFO and IED classification, respectively. Compared to existing state-of-the-art classification architectures, our model is shown to be efficient and robust, yet simple and lightweight. The usefulness of sharing parameters between the two classifiers was confirmed in this practical clinical setting of epileptic biomarker detection, potentially contributing to minimizing the number of annotated datasets and realizing robust, accurate, and simultaneous identification of two biomarkers. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Deep learning

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BAQET: BRAM-aware Quantization for Efficient Transformer Inference via Stream-based Architecture on an FPGA 25

BAQET: BRAM-aware Quantization for Efficient Transformer Inf...

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Proceedings of the 2025 ACM/SIGDA International Symposium on Field programmable Gate Arrays

作者： Ling-Chi Yang Chi-Jui Chen Trung Le Bo-Cheng Lai Scott Hauck Shih-Chieh Hsu Institute of Electronics National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan Graduate Degree Program of College of Electrical and Computer Engineering in National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan Electrical and Computer Engineering in University of Washington Seattle USA Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Washington Seattle USA Physics University of Washington Seattle USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798400713965

FPGAs are a compelling substrate for supporting machine learning inference. Tools such as High-Level Synthesis and hls4ml can shorten the development cycle for deploying ML algorithms on FPGAs, but can struggle to handle the large on-chip storage needed for many of these models. In particular the high BRAM usage found in many of these flows can cause Place & Route failures during synthesis. In this paper we propose using a Simulated-Annealing based flow to perform BRAM-aware quantization. This approach trades off inference accuracy with BRAM usage, to provide a high-quality inference engine that still meets on-chip resource constraints. We demonstrate this flow for Transformer-based machine learning algorithms, which include Flash Attention in a Stream-based Dataflow architecture. Our system imposes minimal accuracy drops, yet can reduce BRAM usage by 20%-50%, and improve power efficiency by 264%-812% compared to existing Transformer-based accelerators on FPGAs

关键词： efficient transformer

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Analysis of Partial Discharges in Oil-Impregnated Transformer Paper Insulation and PET-G Insulation

IEEE Open Journal of Instrumentation and Measurement

引用

IEEE Open Journal of Instrumentation and Measurement 2025年 4卷

作者： Kameli, Sayed Mohammad Abuelrub, Abdelaziz Saleh, Mohammad Al-Shaikh Refaat, Shady S. Ghrayeb, Ali Abu-Rub, Haitham Olesz, Marek Electri-cal and Computer Engineering department Texas A and M University at Qa-tar Doha Qatar Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Texas A and M University College StationTX77843 United States Department of Engineering University of Hertford-shire School of Physics Engineering and Com-puter Science United Kingdom Hamad Bin Khalifa University Qatar Foundation Electrical and Computer Engineering Program in College of Science and Engineering Doha Qatar Gdañsk University of Technology Department of Electrical Power Engineering Gdañsk80-233 Poland

Partial discharge (PD) is a widespread phenomenon instigated in power transformer (PT) insulation systems. PDs are triggered by voids that vary in size and position within the PT insulation. The electrical characteristics of those damaging, PD-causing cavities must be well understood, to accelerate the development of advanced PD detection techniques. Thus, the impact of varying the radius and position of spherical air voids on the characteristics of PDs in PTs is examined using a 3D finite element analysis (FEA) model designed in COMSOL Multiphysics. The spherical voids are positioned between two windings of a 512 kV, three-phase (3) PT. The peak electric field (EF) and aggregate energy in the FEA model are used in conjunction with laboratory measurements of the apparent discharge magnitude, for detailed analysis of Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol (PET-G) based cylindrical voids with different heights. Simulations demonstrate that the inception of PD activity in the PT model occurs for spherical voids with a radius exceeding 1 mm. Furthermore, the most severe PDs occur within the press-board insulation, adjacent to the uppermost part of the innermost windings. Experiments demonstrate that a significant increase in PD activity was observed for PET-G based cylindrical voids with heights exceeding 1 mm. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Partial discharges

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Contract-Inspired Contest Theory for Controllable Image Generation in Mobile Edge Metaverse

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Liu, Guangyuan Du, Hongyang Wang, Jiacheng Niyato, Dusit Kim, Dong In College of Computing and Data Science The Energy Research Institute @ NTU Interdisciplinary Graduate Program Nanyang Technological University Singapore Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of Hong Kong Hong Kong College of Computing and Data Science Nanyang Technological University Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Korea Republic of

The rapid advancement of immersive technologies has propelled the development of the Metaverse, where the convergence of virtual and physical realities necessitates the generation of high-quality, photorealistic images to enhance user experience. However, generating these images, especially through Generative Diffusion Models (GDMs), in mobile edge computing environments presents significant challenges due to the limited computing resources of edge devices and the dynamic nature of wireless networks. This paper proposes a novel framework that integrates contract-inspired contest theory, Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL), and GDMs to optimize image generation in these resource-constrained environments. The framework addresses the critical challenges of resource allocation and semantic data transmission quality by incentivizing edge devices to efficiently transmit high-quality semantic data, which is essential for creating realistic and immersive images. The use of contest and contract theory ensures that edge devices are motivated to allocate resources effectively, while DRL dynamically adjusts to network conditions, optimizing the overall image generation process. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach not only improves the quality of generated images but also achieves superior convergence speed and stability compared to traditional methods. This makes the framework particularly effective for optimizing complex resource allocation tasks in mobile edge Metaverse applications, offering enhanced performance and efficiency in creating immersive virtual environments. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Mobile edge computing

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Energy Efficient Transmission Parameters Selection Method Using Reinforcement Learning in Distributed LoRa Networks

Energy Efficient Transmission Parameters Selection Method Us...

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IEEE Conference on Wireless Communications and Networking

作者： Ryotai Airiyoshi Mikio Hasegawa Tomoaki Ohtsuki Aohan Li Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering The University of Electro-Communications Tokyo Japan Department of Electrical Engineering Tokyo University of Science Tokyo Japan Department of Information and Computer Science Keio University Yokohama Japan

ISBN: (数字)9798350368369

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368376

With the increase in demand for Internet of Things (IoT) applications, the number of IoT devices has drastically grown, making spectrum resources seriously insufficient. Transmission collisions and retransmissions increase power consumption. Therefore, even in long-range (LoRa) networks, selecting appropriate transmission parameters, such as channel and transmission power, is essential to improve energy efficiency. However, due to the limited computational ability and memory, traditional transmission parameter selection methods for LoRa networks are challenging to implement on LoRa devices. To solve this problem, a distributed reinforcement learning-based channel and transmission power selection method is proposed, which can be implemented on the LoRa devices to improve energy efficiency in this paper. Specifically, the channel and transmission power selection problem in LoRa networks is first mapped to the multi-armed-bandit (MAB) problem. Then, an MAB-based method is introduced to solve the formulated transmission parameter selection problem based on the acknowledgment (ACK) packet and the power consumption for data transmission of the LoRa device. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated by the constructed actual LoRa network. Experimental results show that the proposed method performs better than fixed assignment, adaptive data rate low-complexity (ADR-Lite), and e-greedy-based methods in terms of both transmission success rate and energy efficiency.

关键词： Performance evaluation Power demand LoRa Reinforcement learning Energy efficiency Internet of Things

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Observation of Photonic Chiral Flatbands

引用

Physical Review Letters 2025年第10期134卷 103801-103801页

作者： Minho Choi Andrea Alù Arka Majumdar Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195 USA Photonics Initiative Advanced Science Research Center City University of New York New York New York 10031 USA and Physics Program Graduate Center City University of New York New York New York 10031 USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195 USA and Department of Physics University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195 USA

Distinct selectivity to the spin angular momenta of photons has garnered significant attention in recent years, for its relevance in basic science and for imaging and sensing applications. While nonlocal metasurfaces with strong chiral responses to the incident light have been reported, these responses are typically limited to a narrow range of incident angles. In this study, we demonstrate a nonlocal metasurface that showcases strong chirality, characterized by circular dichroism (∼0.6), over a wide range of incident angles ±5°. Its quality factor, circular dichroism and resonant frequency can be optimized by design. These findings pave the way to further advance the development of valley-selective optical cavities and augmented reality applications.

关键词： Natural frequencies

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Effective Dimension Aware Fractional-Order Stochastic Gradient Descent for Convex Optimization Problems

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2025年

作者： Partohaghighi, Mohammad Marcia, Roummel Chen, YangQuan Electrical Engineering and Computer Science graduate program University of California Merced United States Department of Applied Mathematics University of California Merced MercedCA United States Lab Department of Mechanical Engineering School of Engineering University of California MercedCA95343 United States

Fractional-order stochastic gradient descent (FOSGD) leverages a fractional exponent to capture long-memory effects in optimization, yet its practical impact is often constrained by the difficulty of tuning and stabilizing this exponent. In this work, we introduce 2SED Fractional-Order Stochastic Gradient Descent (2SEDFOSGD), a novel method that synergistically combines the Two-Scale Effective Dimension (2SED) algorithm with FOSGD to automatically calibrate the fractional exponent in a data-driven manner. By continuously gauging model sensitivity and effective dimensionality, 2SED dynamically adjusts the exponent to curb erratic oscillations and enhance convergence rates. Theoretically, we demonstrate how this dimension-aware adaptation retains the benefits of fractional memory while averting the sluggish or unstable behaviors frequently observed in naive fractional SGD. Empirical evaluations across multiple benchmarks confirm that our 2SED-driven fractional exponent approach not only converges faster but also achieves more robust final performance, suggesting broad applicability for fractional-order methodologies in large-scale machine learning and related domains. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Convex optimization

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Wideband Beamforming for Frequency Selective RRS Aided Near-Field Communications

Wideband Beamforming for Frequency Selective RRS Aided Near-...

引用

IEEE Conference on Wireless Communications and Networking

作者： Zicheng Lin Shuhao Zeng Hongliang Zhang School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science Peking University Beijing China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Princeton University NJ USA School of Electronic and Computer Engineering Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School China School of Electronics Peking University Beijing China

ISBN: (数字)9798350368369

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368376

To satisfy the high data rate requirements, cellular systems will evolve towards the direction of higher carrier frequencies and larger antenna arrays. The conventional phased arrays are hard to fulfill such a vision due to its excessive power consumption induced by numerous phase shifters. To address this issue, Reconfigurable Refractive Surfaces (RRSs) provide a energy efficient solution without relying on phase shifters. With enlarged radiation aperture and increased working frequency, users are more likely to be located in the near field of the RRS. Moreover, the frequency selectivity of the RRS cannot be neglected given the wideband communications enabled by higher frequency bands. These two effects jointly aggravate the beam split problem where the signal strength of different frequency components cannot concentrate on the user, leading to a data rate degradation. In this paper, we study an RRS-based wideband near-field communication system with multiple users. Unlike most existing works, which only considered the beam split effect under near-field conditions, we jointly consider the influence of the frequency selectivity of RRS and near-field conditions on the beam split effect. To mitigate the beam split effect, the time-delay units are introduced in the RRS elements based on which a beamforming scheme is proposed to improve system data rate by jointly optimizing the digital beamformer, the phase shifts of RRS and the time-delay units. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed scheme.

关键词： Phased arrays Power demand Array signal processing Simulation Phase shifters Transmitting antennas Energy efficiency Feeds Arrays Wideband

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