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TRANSMISSION SYSTEM MODEL IN THE TRACK-VEHICLE RELATIONSHIP BASED ON LONG TERM EVOLUTION TECHNOLOGY

Archives of Transport 2023年第2期66卷 89-108页

作者： Chrzan, Marcin Pirosz, Pawel Paś, Jacek Faculty of Transport Electrical Engineering and Information Technology Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technology and Humanities in Radom Radom Poland Faculty of Computing and Telecommunications Poznan University of Technology Poznań Poland Division Electronic Systems Exploitations Manager Military University of Technology Warszawa Poland

Because of degradations of the wired infrastructure connecting the element of railroad control systems, and related primarily to their destruction, the use of the radio transmission medium for independent management of railroad traffic control devices is increasingly being considered. An undoubted problem in implying such solutions is the security of transmission in such systems. It should be noted that security at a certain level of transmission is currently already offered by the radio transmission systems themselves, which has also been used in the GSM-R standard. The creation of a separate dedicated system for railroads involves huge expenditures for the design, testing, certification and, finally, construction and implementation of such technology. Therefore, in the opinion of the author of this dissertation, it is possible to use public open radio networks for the needs of railroads, which significantly reduces costs, since such a system is based on existing infrastructure. It is necessary to develop a way of transmitting information that meets the requirements of secure transmission in the sense of railroad traffic control systems. The task is to develop a general model for open radio transmission in traffic control systems based on the latest public radio standard, which is LTE, 5G or Future Railway Mobile Communications System (FRMCS). The article will present the concept of data transmission in the track – vehicle relationship with the use of LTE (Long Term Evolution) technology. It will show the concept of transmission based on the PNEN50159:2011 standard and the results of the tests conducted during control trips on the railway route. The main element that will be subject to the research will include the transmission safety and its delay. The impact of a type of transmission encryption on its delay will be estimated with the assumed blocks of data sent during the transmission. A probability distribution and density functions of the transmission delay pro

关键词： Radio transmission

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Modified pentagonal fractal antenna for ultra-wideband applications in communication systems

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International Journal of Electronics Letters 2024年第4期12卷 413-421页

作者： Singh, Gurmeet Kumar, Ashish Jit Singh, Mandeep Singh, A.P. School of Computing Science and Engineering Galgotias University Greater Noida India Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology Chitkara University Punjab India Department of Electrical Electronic and Systems Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia UKM Selangor Bangi Malaysia Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology Punjab Longowal India

Due to the recent expansion in the generations of the communications systems, it is utmost priority to transmit a large amount of data over a wideband frequency spectrum. For this single ultra-wideband (UWB) antennas are the prime choice as compared to the multiple narrow band antennas. A modified pentagonal fractal patch antenna with a modified ground plane covering ultra-wideband has been proposed. The antenna has a compact size of 25 mm × 25 mm × 1.6 mm with peak gain of 2.2 dB. The UWB coverage of the design is achieved by implementing modified co-planar ground, modified fractal geometry and coplanar feed. The proposed design possesses the significant resonance and radiation performance with very compact size on low-cost substrate while covering the whole UWB. Finally, the simulated resonating and radiation characteristics have been validated with the measured characteristics of the fabricated prototype and the results are quite promising. © 2024 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

关键词： antenna co-planer feed fractal Ultra-wideband

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Energy Efficient joint user association and power allocation using Parameterized Deep DQN 9

Energy Efficient joint user association and power allocation...

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9th International Conference on Computer and Communication engineering, ICCCE 2023

作者： Mughees, Amna Tahir, Mohammad Sheikh, Muhammad Aman Amphawan, Angela Yap, Kian Meng Habaebi, Mohamed Hadi Islam, Md. Rafiqul Sunway University Dept. of Computing and Information Systems Petaling Jaya Malaysia University of Turku Dept. of Computing Turku Finland Cardiff Metropolitan University Dept. of Electronics and Computer Systems Engineering Cardiff United Kingdom International Islamic University Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Kuala Lumpur Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350325218

Using small cells to create an ultra-dense network for 5G and beyond is a promising strategy to improve network coverage, data demands and reduce latency. Despite using small cells, these dense wireless networks result in performance degradation and increased energy consumption. Energy consumption is a crucial parameter for sustainable future wireless networks. In order to improve quality of service (QoS) and Energy Efficiency (EE), efficient resource allocation strategies are required. This paper investigates a Parameterized Double Deep Q-Network (PDDQN) based framework for joint user association and power allocation to improve EE and throughput. Apart from other conventional machine learning approaches, considering single state space of the joint optimization problem, our proposed framework considers both discrete and continuous state spaces. Our proposed PDDQN technique also solves the generalization problem that occurs due to similar states. The simulation results indicate that the proposed work significantly improves energy EE and throughput in large-scale learning problems. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Energy efficiency

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Human Decisions versus Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning in a Pursuit-evader Game

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2024年第30期58卷 260-265页

作者： Takuma A. Adams Andrew C. Cullen Tansu Alpcan Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of Melbourne Parkville Australia School of Computing and Information Systems The University of Melbourne Parkville Australia

The modelling and analysis of nonlinear cyber-physical systems is integral to applications ranging from social networks to defence strategy. However, conventional linear-quadratic methods inadequately capture the complex nonlinear behaviour of human decision-makers in these systems. Utilising game theory and multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), we explore dynamic interactions between humans and machines within a cyber-physical environment, using a swarmalator to represent strategic humans in a pursuit-evader game. Preliminary results indicate that MARL inadequately captures the nonlinear behaviour of human decision-making, with pursuers and evaders exhibiting human behaviours achieving the highest utilities.

关键词： Decision-support for human operators Potential impact of automation open problems Advanced control design-linear non-linear stochastic large scale control systems

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A Survey of Integrating Generative Artificial Intelligence and 6G Mobile Services: Architectures, Solutions, Technologies and Outlooks

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IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking 2025年第3期11卷 1334-1356页

作者： Liu, Yi-Jing Du, Hongyang Xu, Xinyi Zhang, Ruichen Feng, Gang Cao, Bin Niyato, Dusit Kim, Dong In Jamalipour, Abbas Letaief, Khaled B. Tafazolli, Rahim University of Electronic Science and Technology of China National Key Lab on Wireless Communications Chengdu China University of Hong Kong Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Pok Fu Lam Hong Kong Nanyang Technological University College of Computing and Data Science Singapore Singapore Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology Beijing China Sungkyunkwan University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Suwon Korea Republic of University of Sydney School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Sydney Australia Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering Hong Kong Hong Kong University of Surrey Institute for Communication Systems School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering United Kingdom

Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) is rapidly driving a new phase of artificial intelligence revolution, marked by various applications such as ChatGPT, Sora and DeepSeek. With powerful capabilities in content generation, personalization and user interaction, GenAI can drive significant enhancements in various mobile services to satisfy individual user preferences. Meanwhile, mobile services offer substantial support for accessibility, functionality and intelligence of GenAI applications. However, current research on integrating GenAI and mobile services remains nascent, lacking necessary theoretical and technical support. In this survey, we break down a new vision to guide research on integrating GenAI and mobile services, aiming to improve 6G intelligence levels and enable 6G mobile networks to support the integration of GenAI and mobile services effectively. We begin by examining the necessity of integrating GenAI with 6G mobile services and exploring potential learning architectures of GenAI models within mobile networks. Next, we analyze potential solutions from two perspectives: how 6G mobile networks empower GenAI and how GenAI enables mobile services. We subsequently explore a promising use case, along with essential features and techniques, to facilitate the integration of GenAI and mobile services. Finally, we discuss future research directions, aiming at realizing intelligent 6G networks. © 2015 IEEE.

关键词： Generative adversarial networks

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Converting Vocal Performances into Sheet Music Leveraging Large Language Models 24

Converting Vocal Performances into Sheet Music Leveraging La...

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24th IEEE International Conference on Data Mining Workshops, ICDMW 2024

作者： Jiang, Jinjing Teo, Nicole Pen, Haibo Ho, Seng-Beng Wang, Zhaoxia Mastercard Research and Development Singapore Singapore Singapore Management University School of Computing and Information Systems Singapore Singapore Tianjin University China School of Electrical and Information Engineering China AI Institute Global 139955 Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)9798331530631

Advanced natural language processing (NLP) models are increasingly applied in music composition and performance, particularly in generating vocal melodies and simulating singing voices. While NLP techniques have been successfully used to analyze vocal performance data, providing insights into performance quality and style, the automatic transcription of vocal performances into sheet music remains a complex challenge. Existing tools for manual transcription are often insufficient due to the intricate dynamics of vocal expression. This study addresses the challenge of automating the conversion of vocal performances into sheet music using a combination of novel techniques, including large language models (LLMs). We present a method that successfully translates vocal audio input into display-ready sheet music. Our findings highlight the strengths and limitations of various approaches, particularly in the transcription of a cappella performances into notes and lyrics. This research contributes to the expanding field of NLP-driven music analysis and showcases the potential of these models to revolutionize vocal transcription in the future. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Natural language processing systems

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Do we need watchful eyes on our workers? Ethics of using computer vision for workplace surveillance

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AI and Ethics 2025年 1-21页

作者： Sebastian, Rinu Ann Ehinger, Kris Miller, Tim School of Computing and Information Systems The University of Melbourne Carlton Australia School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science The University of Queensland St Lucia Australia

In this paper, we critically examine the relevant ethical concerns of using computer vision-based surveillance in workplaces and propose an intent—and priority-based ethical framework for such systems. With the growing capabilities of computer vision technologies, its application in monitoring workplaces brings forth significant concerns. Organisations increasingly leverage computer vision for workplace surveillance to improve productivity, safety, and security. Unlike electronic surveillance techniques that monitor workers’ wire or electronic communication, computer vision-based workplace surveillance (CVWS) captures highly detailed visual and personal information about workers, including body language, emotional state, and actions. This makes CVWS potentially more intrusive than traditional electronic surveillance, raising a more comprehensive range of ethical considerations. However, this topic has received minimal attention in the current literature. Our proposed framework combines the intention for deploying surveillance with the moral notions of privacy, data security, fairness, transparency, explainability, autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, dignity, and reliability to morally scrutinise CVWS systems. The paper proposes a second framework that aims to establish accountability among key stakeholders of the CVWS system. Further, we discuss two critical questions to consider when evaluating the necessity for CVWS systems in a work environment. In practice, this work will serve as a groundwork for stakeholders such as technical developers, employers, and regulatory and advocacy teams to make ethical design decisions during the developmental, operational, and maintenance stages of CVWS systems and devise proactive strategies to minimise potential harm.

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A Provably Secure Post-Quantum Based EDHOC Protocol 22

A Provably Secure Post-Quantum Based EDHOC Protocol

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22nd IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference, CCNC 2025

作者： Yadav, Awaneesh Kumar Shojafar, Mohammad Braeken, An School of Computing and Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Mandi India Institute for Communication Systems University of Surrey 5G/6GIC Guildford United Kingdom Brussel Belgium

ISBN: (纸本)9798331508050

Transport Layer Security (TLS) is considered to be the most used standard security protocol for the Internet of Things (IoT). However, as TLS was originally designed for computer networks, it is not optimal with respect to efficiency. Therefore, a new protocol called Object Security for Constrained RESTful Environments (OSCORE) has been standardized for securing constrained devices. Currently, the Ephemeral-Diffie-Hellman-Over-COSE (EDHOC) protocol, which is a key exchange protocol to define a session key used in OSCORE, is also in the process of being standardized. EDHOC consists of four authentication modes, each offering different security strengths and performance. However, these modes are not yet secure against quantum attacks. Since we are in a transition period and do not yet possess deeply analyzed post-quantum algorithms, we propose a generic hybrid protocol. As such, the protocol can easily update from one post-quantum algorithm to the other and becomes secure against either a post-quantum attack or a potential attack against a newly defined post-quantum algorithm. The proposed mode does not require any changes to the original EDHOC protocol and offers perfect backward compatibility. The security is ensured using Real-Or-Random (ROR) logic, and additional performance costs are analyzed using different variants of post-quantum algorithms. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： HTTP

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Coalitional Model Predictive Control of Building Zones Temperatures

Coalitional Model Predictive Control of Building Zones Tempe...

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European Control Conference (ECC)

作者： Filip Vrbanc Vinko Lešić Anita Banjac Mario Vašak University of Zagreb Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing Laboratory for Renewable Energy Systems Zagreb Croatia

ISBN: (数字)9783907144107

ISBN: (纸本)9798331540920

This paper deals with the potential benefits of coalition-based modelling and control of building zones heating and cooling to enhance the overall energy efficiency of the building. The paper applies model predictive control for tracking of setpoint temperature in building zones. To tackle the complexity of the model, the approach utilizes semi-physical independent thermal models of building zones and models thermal connections between adjacent zones based on resistive-capacitive analogy. Such coupled models are formed into coalitions and are used in model predictive control of zone temperature. Realistic two 5-day simulations are conducted to compare the performance of the coalitional control. Results indicate that the coalitional control approach reduces energy consumption by up to 14.96% in comparison to decentralized approach of independent model predictive control of each zone while providing consumption increase of 1.38% compared to a centralized floor-based model predictive control. The paper provides evaluation of coalitional control performance based on trade-off between energy savings, user comfort, and computational complexity.

关键词： Heating systems Computational modeling Thermal resistance Buildings Europe Predictive models Energy efficiency

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Data-driven Predictive Control of Office Temperatures Based on Multiple Linear Regression Model

Data-driven Predictive Control of Office Temperatures Based ...

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Annual Conference of Industrial Electronics Society

作者： Mihael Jakšić Vinko Lešić Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing Laboratory for Renewable Energy Systems University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia

ISBN: (数字)9781665464543

ISBN: (纸本)9781665464550

The paper proposes a data-based approach in control of building temperature for the case of a single floor of an office building. Several obtained datasets are exploited to identify a mathematical model of building thermal dynamics. Input-output data mapping is performed by multiple linear regression to identify a linear model in form of a vector of coefficients related to historical variables of temperatures of the considered and neighboring offices, external variables and user behavior as disturbances. The model is exploited for temperature setpoint tracking optimal problem formulation and put as trade-off of comfort and energy efficiency. Such data predictive control approach is implemented to a case study and realistic simulations are performed with real data, proving the soundness of the approach. The concept is motivated by easy replication of both hardware and software to be efficiently implemented in the buildings, driven by time-effectiveness of the proposed structure and identification method of the model.

关键词： Temperature distribution Buildings Linear regression Predictive models Mathematical models Data models Vectors Software Temperature control Predictive control

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