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8th International Hybrid Power Plants and systems Workshop, HYB 2024

作者： Celna, Aivaras Gryning, Mikkel P.S. Bakhshizadeh, Mohammad K. Hansen, Anca D. Afkhamimeybodi, Soroush Sørensen, Poul E. Das, Kaushik Department of Power Generation SCADA Ørsted Energy Systems Gentofte Denmark Department of Wind and Energy Systems Technical University of Denmark Roskilde Denmark Department of SCADA and Communication Ørsted Energy Systems Gentofte Denmark Department of Electrical System Design and Grid Integration Ørsted Energy Systems Gentofte Denmark

ISBN: (纸本)9781837241521

With the expansion of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) and due to their intermittency and lack of inertia, transmission system operators (TSO) are forced to procure larger power reserves to prepare for frequent and severe occurrences of imbalances in the future power systems. Hybrid Power Plant (HPP) which is a combination of technologies such as offshore wind power plant (WPP) and onshore solar power plant (SPP) connected with a Battery Energy Storage system (BESS) and Power-to-X (P2X) electrolysers can support the system by having a combined enhanced capability for the provision of frequency services compared to the individual RES. In this work, technical requirements for Fast Frequency Reserve (FFR), Frequency Containment Reserves (FCR) and Frequency Restoration Reserves (FRR) established in the Nordic electrical system and applicable to the eastern part of Denmark, are summarized. Further, a centralised frequency control architecture based on frequency reserve allocation to HPP technologies by prioritization is proposed, which is implemented at the top-level control layer enabling coordinated response at the point of connection (POC). The simulation cases representing prequalification tests defined by TSOs demonstrate the performance of such architecture and highlight the capabilities of HPP to provide various frequency services while operating in different operation scenarios. © Energynautics GmbH.

关键词： Offshore power plants

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HYBRID POWER PLANTS WITH OFFSHORE WIND, ONSHORE PV, BESS AND P2X TECHNOLOGIES 22

HYBRID POWER PLANTS WITH OFFSHORE WIND, ONSHORE PV, BESS AND...

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22nd Wind and Solar integration Workshop, WIW 2023

作者： Celna, Aivaras Das, Kaushik Gryning, Mikkel P.S. Bakhshizadeh, Mohammad K. Sørensen, Poul E. Hansen, Anca D. Department of Power Generation SCADA Ørsted Wind Systems Gentofte Denmark Department of Wind and Energy Systems Technical University of Denmark Roskilde Denmark Department of SCADA and Communication Ørsted Wind Systems Gentofte Denmark Department of Electrical System Design and Grid Integration Ørsted Wind Systems Gentofte Denmark

ISBN: (纸本)9781839539824

A Hybrid Power Plant (HPP) is a combination of several renewable energy sources such as wind and solar combined with an energy storage system (ESS) and/or P2X connected behind a single grid connection point. This paper presents the motivations and challenges- of large-scale Hybrid Power Plants (HPPs) with offshore wind power plants, onshore PV, ESS and P2X, from the perspective of offshore wind developers. The paper also highlights the modelling and control complexities and challenges for offshore HPPs. An active power dispatch algorithm from the onshore HPP systems is applied and extended providing the various possible operating methods of offshore HPP. The results of the case study demonstrate the extended flexibility in terms of active power control inside the HPP and from the point of grid interconnection. © Energynautics GmbH.

关键词： Electric load dispatching

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Integrating Black Start Capabilities into Offshore Wind Farms by grid-Forming Batteries

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Pagnani, Daniela Kocewiak, Lukasz Hjerrild, Jesper Blaabjerg, Frede Bak, Claus Leth Electrical System Design and Grid Integration Ørsted Gentofte Denmark Aau Energy Aalborg University Aalborg Denmark

Power systems are currently experiencing a transition towards decarbonisation through the large-scale deployment of renewable energy sources. These are gradually replacing conventional thermal power plants which today are the main providers of black start services. Consequently, in case of a total/partial blackout, conventional black-start resources may not be ready for operation. Offshore wind farms (OWFs), with their large capacity and fast controllers, have potential as innovative black-start units, thus, the need for a new design for OWFs. In this paper, challenges and possible solutions in integrating black start services into offshore wind farms will be presented. The first challenge is represented by the implementation of a self-start unit. The self-start unit should be capable of forming the wind farm power island and withstanding transient phenomena due to the equipment energisation. The investigated solution comprises grid-forming (GFM) converters in the wind farm design, which could be battery energy storage systems (BESSs) to also increase the service availability. The challenges are analysed using simulations on a wind farm, and the proposed solutions are discussed. It can be concluded that a hybrid system comprised of a BESS and an OWF, in combination with novel technologies such as GFM control, soft-charging, etc., represents a good proposal to provide black start services by OWFs. © 2022, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Offshore wind farms

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Power system Restoration Services by grid-Forming Offshore Wind Farms with Integrated Energy Storage

Power System Restoration Services by Grid-Forming Offshore W...

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IEEE General Meeting Power& Energy Society

作者： Daniela Pagnani Lukasz Kocewiak Jesper Hjerrild Frede Blaabjerg Claus Leth Bak Ramón Blasco-Gimenez Jaime Martínez-Turégano Electrical System Design and Grid Integration Orsted Gentofte Denmark Department of Energy Aalborg University Aalborg Denmark Research Institute on Automatics and Industrial Informatics (Ai2) Technical University of Valencia Valencia Spain

Customers in different parts of the world have experienced blackouts due to several different events in recent years. To recover from blackouts, power system restoration plans, like the black start, must be in place. To advance the decarbonization of transmission systems, this article proposes a grid-forming offshore wind farm with integrated battery storage to black start the power system. The novelty of this strategy consists of the integration of grid-forming control in the wind turbines as well as the application of auxiliary battery storage to boost the resilience of the black start source. The strategy is analyzed by the use of electromagnetic transient studies on a benchmark system. The system can firstly work in islanded mode, then can black-start the transmission network stably and restore the power system.

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Centralized frequency control of offshore hybrid power plant

Centralized frequency control of offshore hybrid power plant

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8th International Hybrid Power Plants & systems Workshop (HYB 2024)

作者： Aivaras Celna Mikkel P. S. Gryning Mohammad K. Bakhshizadeh Anca D. Hansen Soroush Afkhamimeybodi Poul E. Sørensen Kaushik Das Department of Power Generation SCADA Ørsted Energy Systems Gentofte Denmark Department of SCADA and Communication Ørsted Energy Systems Gentofte Denmark Department of Electrical System Design and Grid Integration Ørsted Energy Systems Gentofte Denmark Department of Wind and Energy Systems Technical University of Denmark Roskilde Denmark

ISBN: (数字)9781837241484

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Hybrid power plants with offshore wind, onshore PV, BESS and P2X technologies

Hybrid power plants with offshore wind, onshore PV, BESS and...

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22nd Wind and Solar integration Workshop (WIW 2023)

作者： A. Celna K. Das M. P. S. Gryning M. K. Bakhshizadeh P. E. Sørensen A. D. Hansen Department of Power Generation SCADA Ørsted Wind Systems Gentofte Denmark Department of Wind and Energy Systems Technical University of Denmark Roskilde Denmark Department of SCADA and Communication Ørsted Wind Systems Gentofte Denmark Department of Electrical System Design and Grid Integration Ørsted Wind Systems Gentofte Denmark

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Black Start Service from Offshore Wind Power Plant using IBESS

Black Start Service from Offshore Wind Power Plant using IBE...

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Power Tech Conference

作者： Sanjay K. Chaudhary Remus Teodorescu Jan R. Svensson Łukasz H. Kocewiak Philip Johnson Bertil Berggren Aalborg University Aalborg Denmark Power Grids Research Hitachi ABB Power Grids Vasteras Sweden Electrical System Design & Grid Integration Ørsted Offshore Gentofte Denmark Grid Connections New Markets Ørsted Offshore London U.K.

The share of renewables in the power system is increasing rapidly. Large offshore wind power plants (OWPPs) are developed at a high pace and conventional fossil fuel-based plants are decommissioned. Consequently, there will be a risk of insufficient amount of power plants providing black start functionality for system restoration after a black out. This paper proposes a STATCOM with a battery energy storage that is located at the point of common connection to an OWPP that together can provide a reliable black start service to the power grid. The concept is demonstrated by using time domain simulations in PSCAD. The STATCOM functionality provides fast and dynamic reactive power management and the battery unit provides active power balancing capability to maintain the frequency within a tolerable range specified by the system operator. The simulation results fulfill the success criteria for the black start and confirm its feasibility for practical implementation.

关键词： Reactive power Simulation Switches Wind power generation Control systems Automatic voltage control Batteries

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Overview of Black Start Provision by Offshore Wind Farms

Overview of Black Start Provision by Offshore Wind Farms

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Annual Conference of Industrial Electronics Society

作者： Daniela Pagnam Łukasz Hubert Kocewiak Jesper Hjerrild Frede Blaabjerg Claus Leth Bak Electrical System Design and Grid Integration Ørsted Wind Power Gentofte Denmark Aalborg University Aalborg Denmark

ISBN: (数字)9781728154145

ISBN: (纸本)9781728154152

Thanks to the solid standards and principles of design and restoration planning after a blackout, power systems in developed economies generally show a high level of resiliency. Nevertheless, this power system restoration practice strongly relies on conventional power plants, e.g. large thermal power plants. As future global goals aim at reducing the use of fossil fuels and lowering carbon-dioxide emissions, conventional power plants are often taken out of operation. These are characterised by slow start-up times and considerable use of fossil fuels. In this context, large offshore wind farms (OWFs) show potential as renewable-based black start (BS) service providers. These can be equipped with a self-starter, e.g. synchronous generators or innovative power-electronic-based converters, such as battery energy storage systems (BESSs) and/or grid-forming wind turbines in order to BS the system. Additionally, state-of-the-art complementary devices such as STATCOMs or synchronous condensers can help with dynamic regulation and support the OWF both in island operation and BS. In this paper, an overview of different system configurations for OWF BS is presented. Firstly, the requirements for BS from non-conventional power plants are outlined. Afterwards, the challenges faced by OWFs to fulfil these requirements are identified. Finally, different solutions for system configuration to equip OWFs for BS are proposed.

关键词： Loading Transient analysis Wind farms Resilience Power generation Power system restoration Frequency control

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