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TRANSFORMATION RELATIONSHIPS FOR 2 COMMONLY UTILIZED EULER ANGLE REPRESENTATIONS

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN AND CYBERNETICS 1992年第3期22卷 555-559页

作者： CHEN, CX TRIVEDI, MM Computer Vision and Robotics Research Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Tennessee Knoxville TN USA

There is no standard representation scheme that is followed by different groups of robot designers to describe the orientation of a rotating rigid body. For a sensor-based robot, the particular rotation representation scheme used by the robot affects not only the specification of the positioning of the arm and end-effector, but also the specification of the placement of the sensors and the method of computing the sensory-to-world transformation. Thus the need for finding the transformation between different rotation representations is obvious for one involved in the development of high-level software systems that need to be transported to different robots utilizing different rotation representation schemes. Among those representation schemes, Euler angle representations are widely used in commercial robots as well as in research laboratory robots. Typically, there are three different Euler angle representation systems, and each system describes a particular orientation of a rigid body in a reference coordinate frame by specifying three angles. Mathematical derivations of the transformation relationships underlying the parameters from two most commonly utilized representation schemes are presented. These relationships are derived in two different ways. One is based upon the solution of the inverse transform for Euler angles and the other is based upon the Napier's rules associated with spherical trigonometry.

关键词： Robot kinematics Robot sensing systems Manipulators Laboratories Quaternions US department of Energy Software systems Hardware Software standards Control systems

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Multi-primitive hierarchical (MPH) stereo system

Multi-primitive hierarchical (MPH) stereo system

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1992 IEEE computer Society Conference on computer vision and Pattern Recognition, CVPR 1992

作者： Marapane, S.B. Trivedi, M.M. Computer Vision and Robotics Research Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Tennessee KnoxvilleTN37996-2100 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0818628553

A computational framework for an accurate, robust, and efficient stereo approach is developed. Most of the deficiencies prevailing in current computational models of stereo can be attributed to their use of a single, typically edge-element-based, primitive for stereo analysis and to their use of a single-level control strategy. The multi-primitive hierarchical (MPH) framework for stereo analysis presented is directed toward overcoming these deficiencies. In the MPH model, stereo analysis is performed in multiple stages, incorporating multiple primitives and utilizing a hierarchical control strategy. The higher levels of the hierarchical system are based on primitives containing more semantic information, and the results of stereo analysis at higher levels are used for guidance at the lower levels. It is shown that such a stereo system is superior to a single-level, single-primitive system. © 1992 IEEE.

关键词： Hierarchical systems

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Active exploration using contact and noncontact sensors: An integrated system

Active exploration using contact and noncontact sensors: An ...

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1992 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, IROS 1992

作者： Gadagkar, H.P. Trivedi, M.M. Computer Vision and Robotics Research Laboratory Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of Tennessee KnoxvilleTN37996-2100 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0780307372

In this paper we nzake an attempt to bring out the rationale that, for complex robotic applications, contact sensors can provide certain vital information quite easily as compared to non-contact sensors. We begin with describing and discussing our approach towards the development of a multi-sen,sory closed-loop active robotic exploration system for workspace characterization. The exploration system involves acquisition, processing, and integration of sensory inputs acquired from uision, poin,t laser range, tactile, and force/torque sensors. The exploration process results in building three-dimensional Half-space models of various polyhedral (convex and concave) objects encountered in the workspace. Subsequent to the process of building object models using active exploration mechanisms, the object models allow extraction of essential geometric information required for performing tasks such as object identification, grasping, and man ipiila t io n. Th e experim en tal resuh showtli at vurious geometrical descriptors that are required for model building, can be extracted quite reliably using the sensor specific exploratory mechanisms. © 1992 Institute of electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Geometry

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Architecture and Automatic Task Planning for Integrated Sensor-based Robots

Architecture and Automatic Task Planning for Integrated Sens...

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1992 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, IROS 1992

作者： Chen, C. Trivedi, M.M. Computer Vision and Robotics Research Laboratory Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of Tennessee KnoxvilleTN37996-2100 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0780307372

Intelligent robots interact with the real world by employing their advanced sensory mechanisms to perceive their environment, and their effectors and tools to change the state of their environment. Such intelligent robots should possess three important capabilities: (1) planning, i.e., given a goal, the ability to generate a set of task plans which will lead to achieving the goal, (2) coordination and execution of the perceptual actions, i.e., the abilities to coordinate sensors, acquire sensory data, and process, interpret and transform the sensory information, and (3) coordination and execution of the motor actions, i.e., the ability to navigate in their environments and the ability to coordinate effectors and tools and manipulate objects to accomplish assigned tasks. In this paper we introduce a System Architecture for Sensor-based Intelligent Robots, (SASIR), constructed using a frame data structure, which provides a suitable and flexible scheme for representation and manipulation of the world model, the sensor derived information, as well as for describing the actions reqnired for the execution of a specific task. © 1992 IEEE.

关键词： Intelligent robots

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Architecture And Automatic Task Planning For Integrated Sensor-based Robots

Architecture And Automatic Task Planning For Integrated Sens...

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IEEE International Workshop on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)

作者： ChuXin Chen M.M. Trivedi Computer Vision and Robotics Research Laboratory Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of Tennessee Knoxville TN USA

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Active Exploration Using Contact And Noncontact Sensors: An Integrated System

Active Exploration Using Contact And Noncontact Sensors: An ...

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IEEE International Workshop on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)

作者： H.P. Gadagkar M.M. Trivedi Computer Vision and Robotics Research Laboratory Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of Tennessee Knoxville TN USA

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Multi-primitive hierarchical (MPH) stereo system

Multi-primitive hierarchical (MPH) stereo system

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Conference on computer vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)

作者： S.B. Marapane M.M. Trivedi Computer Vision and Robotics Research Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Tennessee Knoxville TN USA

关键词： Stereo vision computer vision Laboratories Robustness Computational modeling Performance analysis Layout Contracts Algorithm design and analysis Robot vision systems

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Simulation and graphical interface for programming and visualization of sensor-based robot operation

Simulation and graphical interface for programming and visua...

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IEEE International Conference on robotics and Automation (ICRA)

作者： C.X. Chen M.M. Trivedi C.R. Bidlack Computer Vision and Robotics Research Laboratory Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of Tennessee Knoxville TN USA Artificial Intelligence Laboratory College of Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA

The authors describe a simulation environment which can be of utility in the design, development, and operation of sensor-driven robotic systems. This environment incorporates the ability to simulate sensory inputs and their effects on the planning and control functions. A detailed design of the simulator is presented. The simulator is integrated within an entire robotic system, and is utilized for automatic robot programming. Alternatively, the simulated system operation flow can be controlled through either a teach mode or a program mode. Five sensing modalities can be simulated: proximity, point laser range, ultrasonic range, laser range depth imagery, and edge-based intensity imagery. The simulation and animation of a particular robot is described. The unique features of the simulator are that it simulates and utilizes sensory information feedback, it integrates planning and simulation, and it makes the switching between real and simulation mode in the robotic system transparent to the user.< >

关键词： Robot programming Visualization Robot sensing systems robotics and automation Computational modeling Robot vision systems Automatic control Animation computer simulation Software safety

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SENSOR-DRIVEN INTELLIGENT robotics

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ADVANCES IN computerS 1991年第C期32卷 105-148页

作者： TRIVEDI, MM CHEN, CX Computer Vision and Robotics Research Laboratory Electrical and Computer Engineering Department The University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee

Intelligent robotic systems should be capable of performing a range of complex tasks in unstructured and dynamic environments. This chapter discusses a number of important items associated with intelligent robots, role of vision sensing in intelligent robotics, and architecture for the design of an intelligent robot. The chapter also describes the computational task hierarchy that governs a model-based robot vision system, and presents a detailed tutorial on two important components of this hierarchy: image segmentation and matching. The main capabilities that intelligent robotic systems should possess include ability for perception of their environment, planning of their actions, and execution of the planned action. The two important components of a model-based vision system are image segmentation and the matching module. A procedure that allows transformation of 2D image coordinates into 3D world coordinates is also discussed in the chapter. The architecture and control aspects of an integrated sensor-based robotic system consist of six modules: supervisor, task planner, perception, motor, user interface, and knowledge-base. Intelligent, sensor-driven systems pose many challenging basic-research problems from a broad range of scientific and technological disciplines; however, there are many important application areas where such systems would be of significant value and utility, including hazardous environments such as nuclear plants, underwater, and space as well as many industrial-automation tasks. Recent advancements in the VLSI, computer-architectures, sensor-and robot-hardware, and artificial-intelligence fields may aid to the development of robust, practical, and cost-effective intelligent robotic systems for a wide variety of applications.

关键词： robotics

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Active exploration of robotic workcell

Active exploration of robotic workcell

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IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics

作者： H.P. Gadagkar M.M. Trivedi Computer Vision and Robotics Research Laboratory Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of Tennessee Knoxville TN USA

A description is given of research efforts directed towards the development of an active exploration system performing acquisition, processing, and integration of sensory inputs from vision, point laser range, tactile, and force/torque sensors. An attempt is made to bring out the rationale that robotic workcell exploration can benefit by utilizing noncontact (e.g., vision, range, and proximity) as well as contact (e.g., tactile and force/torque) sensors while accomplishing tasks such as object identification, object localization, object grasping and object manipulation. The experimental results presented indicate that the rationale utilized in the design of the multisensory robotic active exploration scheme can work successfully.< >

关键词： Robot sensing systems Sensor phenomena and characterization Robot vision systems Force sensors Torque Tactile sensors Humans Capacitive sensors computer vision Laboratories

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