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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2024年第15期58卷 330-335页

作者： Jiabao He Cristian R. Rojas Håkan Hjalmarsson Division of Decision and Control Systems School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science KTH Royal Institute of Technology 100 44 Stockholm Sweden

Subspace identification methods (SIMs) have proven very powerful for estimating linear state-space models. To overcome the deficiencies of classical SIMs, a significant number of algorithms has appeared over the last two decades, where most of them involve a common intermediate step, that is to estimate the range space of the extended observability matrix. In this contribution, an optimized version of the parallel and parsimonious SIM (PARSIM), PARSIM opt , is proposed by using weighted least-squares. It not only inherits all the benefits of PARSIM but also attains the best linear unbiased estimator for the above intermediate step. Furthermore, inspired by SIMs based on the predictor form, consistent estimates of the optimal weighting matrix for weighted least-squares are derived. Essential similarities, differences and simulated comparisons of some key SIMs related to our method are also presented.

关键词： Subspace identification ARX model Markov parameters weighted least-squares

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Koopman-based Deep Learning for Nonlinear System Estimation

Koopman-based Deep Learning for Nonlinear System Estimation

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IEEE Conference on Decision and control

作者： Zexin Sun Mingyu Chen John Baillieul Division of Systems Engineering Boston University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Boston University Departments of Mechanical Engineering Electrical and Computer Engineering Division of Systems Engineering Boston University Boston MA

ISBN: (数字)9798350316339

ISBN: (纸本)9798350316346

Nonlinear differential equations are encountered as models of fluid flow, spiking neurons, and many other systems of interest in the real world. Common features of these systems are that their behaviors are difficult to describe exactly and invariably unmodeled dynamics present challenges in making precise predictions. In this paper, we present a novel data-driven linear estimator based on Koopman operator theory to extract meaningful finite-dimensional representations of complex non-linear systems. The Koopman model is used together with deep reinforcement networks that learn the optimal stepwise actions to predict future states of nonlinear systems. Our estimator is also adaptive to a diffeomorphic transformation of the estimated nonlinear system, which enables it to compute optimal state estimates without re-learning.

关键词： Neurons Estimation Stochastic processes Reinforcement learning Fluid flow Predictive models Feature extraction Mathematical models Nonlinear dynamical systems Oscillators

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Estimating the AGV load and a battery lifetime based on the current measurement and random forest application

Estimating the AGV load and a battery lifetime based on the ...

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2023 IEEE International Conference on Big Data, BigData 2023

作者： Hanzel, Krzysztof Grzechca, Damian Ziebinski, Adam Chruszczyk, Lukas Janus, Artur Silesian University of Technology Faculty of Automatic Control Electronics and Computer Science Department of Telecommunications and Teleinformatics Gliwice Poland Silesian University of Technology Faculty of Automatic Control Electronics and Computer Science Department of Electronics Electrical Engineering and Microelectronics Gliwice Poland Silesian University of Technology Faculty of Automatic Control Electronics and Computer Science Department of Distributed Systems and Informatics Devices Gliwice Poland Silesian University of Technology Student of Electrical EngineeringFaculty of Electrical Engineering Gliwice Poland

ISBN: (纸本)9798350324457

The paper describes the energy consumption from the battery based on the current measurements for various cases, i.e., speed (PWL adjustment) and loads. The main purpose of the research is to have additional and reliable information about power consumption and battery life estimation for autonomous guided vehicles (AGV). The authors propose a two-step algorithm. In the first step, a linear classifier was proposed. Then, the KNN classifier was tested;however, it did not give satisfactory results, so it was finally decided to use the random forest to estimate the load and PWL. The time domain current measurement is evaluated, and the beforementioned algorithms process the selected statistical measures. It has been proven that a two-step algorithm allows for achieving high accuracy. Based on the current observation, the paper is a good starting point for further investigation of the AGV because it is usually implemented in the AGV - so it does not require additional hardware. Moreover, it can lead to better energy management and increase battery lifetime. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： AGV load estimation machine learning Prediction of energy consumption random forest

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Optimal control of Connected Automated Vehicles with Event-Triggered control Barrier Functions: a Test Bed for Safe Optimal Merging

Optimal Control of Connected Automated Vehicles with Event-T...

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2023 IEEE Conference on control Technology and Applications, CCTA 2023

作者： Sabouni, Ehsan Ahmad, H.M. Sabbir Xiao, Wei Cassandras, Christos G. Li, Wenchao Boston University Division of Systems Engineering Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering BostonMA United States Massachusetts Institute of Technology Computer Science & Artificial Intelligence Laboratory CambridgeMA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350335446

We address the problem of safely coordinating a network of Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAVs) in conflict areas of a traffic network. Such problems can be solved through a combination of tractable optimal control problems and control Barrier Functions (CBFs) that guarantee the satisfaction of all constraints. These solutions can be reduced to a sequence of Quadratic Programs (QPs) which are efficiently solved online over discrete time steps. However, guaranteeing the feasibility of the CBF-based QP method within each discretized time interval requires the careful selection of time steps which need to be sufficiently small. This creates computational requirements and communication rates between agents which may limit the controller's application to real CAVs. We tackle this limitation by adopting an event-triggered control approach for CAVs such that the next QP is triggered by properly defined events with a safety guarantee. We present a laboratory-scale test bed developed to emulate merging roadways using mobile robots as CAVs. We present results to demonstrate how the event-triggered scheme is computationally efficient and can handle measurement uncertainties and noise compared to time-driven control while guaranteeing safety. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Merging

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Tabular Dyna-Q Algorithm for Online Calculation of LQR Gains: A Simulation Study 9

Tabular Dyna-Q Algorithm for Online Calculation of LQR Gains...

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9th International Conference on engineering and Emerging Technology, ICEET 2023

作者： Farooghi, Kian Samadi, Mahdieh Khaloozadeh, Hamid K. N. Toosi University of Technology Department of Systems and Control Tehran Iran University of Tabriz Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering Tabriz Iran

ISBN: (纸本)9798350316926

This paper presents a novel approach for the online calculation of Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) gains using the Tabular Dyna-Q algorithm. By leveraging Q-learning, this technique enables the determination of gains for unknown dynamic systems by using input-output data only. The proposed algorithm is particularly advantageous for situations where acquiring input-output data is expensive or time-consuming, as it effectively reduces computation time by reusing previous data. To validate the accuracy of the calculations and control scheme, a simulation example is provided. The results indicate the effectiveness of the Tabular Dyna-Q algorithm in accurately computing LQR gains and its potential application in real-world scenarios. This research contributes to advancing the field of control theory by offering an efficient and reliable method for online gain calculation in dynamic systems. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Reinforcement learning

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Neural Network-assisted Interval Reachability for systems with control Barrier Function-Based Safe controllers

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Ajeyemi, Damola Jafarpour, Saber Dall’Anese, Emiliano Division of Systems Engineering Boston University United States Department of Electrical Computer and Energy Engineering University of Colorado Boulder United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Division of Systems Engineering Boston University United States

control Barrier Functions (CBFs) have been widely utilized in the design of optimization-based controllers and filters for dynamical systems to ensure forward invariance of a given set of safe states. While CBF-based controllers offer safety guarantees, they can compromise the performance of the system, leading to undesirable behaviors such as unbounded trajectories and emergence of locally stable spurious equilibria. Computing reachable sets for systems with CBF-based controllers is an effective approach for runtime performance and stability verification, and can potentially serve as a tool for trajectory re-planning. In this paper, we propose a computationally efficient interval reachability method for performance verification of systems with optimization-based controllers by: (i) approximating the optimization-based controller by a pre-trained neural network to avoid solving optimization problems repeatedly, and (ii) using mixed monotone theory to construct an embedding system that leverages state-of-the-art neural network verification algorithms for bounding the output of the neural network. Results in terms of closeness of solutions of trajectories of the system with the optimization-based controller and the neural network are derived. Using a single trajectory of the embedding system along with our closeness of solutions result, we obtain an over-approximation of the reachable set of the system with optimization-based controllers. Numerical results are presented to corroborate the technical findings. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Network embeddings

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Analog, Programmable Switched Capacitor FIR Filter Based on Rotator Architecture Implemented in CMOS Technology 26

Analog, Programmable Switched Capacitor FIR Filter Based on ...

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26th IEEE Signal Processing: Algorithms, Architectures, Arrangements, and Applications, SPA 2023

作者： Pawlowski, Pawel Dlugosz, Rafal Radkowski, Marek Watly, Mateusz Dabrowski, Adam Poznań University of Technology Division of Signal Processing and Electronic Systems Faculty of Control Robotics and Electrical Engineering Institute of Automatic Control and Robotics Poznań60-965 Poland Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology Faculty of Telecommunication Computer Science and Electrical Engineering Bydgoszcz85-796 Poland

ISBN: (纸本)9798350304985

The paper presents project and its verification of a prototype integrated circuit containing an analog, programmable finite impulse response (FIR) filter, implemented in CMOS 350 nm technology. The structure of the filter is based on the switched capacitor technique. In circuits of this type, one of main challenges is an efficient implementation of filter coefficients, which result from several factors described in this work. When implementing such filters as programmable circuits, the values of their coefficients have to be limited to a selected range, i.e. a given resolution in bits. In the implemented prototype filter, the filter coefficients are represented by 6 bits in sign-magnitude notation, so they can take 63 different values only. In such filters, it is not possible to directly implement any frequency response of the filter. Each time, it is necessary to properly round the theoretical values of the coefficients so that they fit into the available range of discrete values resulting from the implementation. The authors of the work designed an algorithm that allows such matching. The paper also presents results of measurements of the prototype chip. © 2023 division of Signal Processing and Electronic systems, Poznan University of Technology (DSPES PUT).

关键词： FIR filters

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From Simulation to Reality with Random Noise

From Simulation to Reality with Random Noise

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AIAA Science and Technology Forum and Exposition, AIAA SciTech Forum 2025

作者： Luo, Steven Lipkis, Rory López-Francos, Ignacio Vlastos, Pavlo Agogino, Adrian Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California BerkeleyCA94720 United States Intelligent Systems Division NASA Ames Research Center Moffett FieldCA94035 United States

ISBN: (数字)9781624107238

ISBN: (纸本)9781624107238

The challenging environment of autonomous vehicle (AV) navigation necessitates certain functions be performed by deep neural networks. Optimizing these models involves collecting vast quantities of domain-specific training data and ensuring that the dataset is representative of expected conditions. High-fidelity simulation plays a vital role in making this process feasible, allowing a wide range of scenarios to be explored at relatively low cost. However, learning from simulation introduces subtle biases into models, which can degrade real-world performance in unpredictable ways. This effect can be mitigated with learning schemes specialized to bridge distributional shifts (transfer learning). Given the complex nature of these methods, the underlying models, and their environments, meaningfully evaluating performance is not straightforward. Many unrelated factors can effect an improvement in generalization accuracy, but a full ablation analysis is often difficult to perform. To tease out signal from noise, it is necessary to understand how transfer learning performance is affected by noise itself. The goals of this paper are (i) to establish a domain randomization baseline for a simple classification transfer learning task and (ii) to validate the RRAV testbed as a platform for further research in sim-to-real learning. We generate imagery from a simulation of NASA Ames Research Center and train a small convolutional neural network to classify camera position of an ego vehicle relative to a center line. Further models are trained with different types of noise progressively added to the data. In our experiments, we find that naive domain randomization raises sim-to-real accuracy from 64% to 79%, while training directly on real data yields an 89% accuracy ceiling. These results suggest that the isolated mechanism of domain randomization can significantly improve generalization. © 2025, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Inc, AIAA. All rights reserved.

关键词： NASA

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Hydrogen Supply Infrastructure Planning Method Considering Indirect Network Effects

Hydrogen Supply Infrastructure Planning Method Considering I...

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2024 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2024

作者： Deng, Haoran Yang, Bo Zhu, Dafeng Yao, Gang Guan, Xinping Srinivasan, Dipti Shanghai Jiao Tong University Department of Automation Shanghai China Kth Royal Institute of Technology Electric Power and Energy Systems Division Stockholm Sweden Shanghai Jiao Tong University Department of Electrical Engineering Shanghai China National University of Singapore Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)9798350376067

At the early commercialization stage of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (HFCVs), there is a strong causal relationship between HFCV parc and hydrogen refueling stations (HRSs) planning, also known as indirect network effects. This is a crucial factor that hasn't been considered and cannot be ignored in the hydrogen supply infrastructure planning (HSIP) problem. To model the indirect network effects, we quantify the effect of HRS planning on HFCV parc in detail by proposing the calculation method of drivers' fuel buffer, defining hydrogen refueling convenience, and incorporating coupled constraints between the hydrogen network and transportation network. Further, we characterize the effect of HFCVs on HRS planning by constructing a decision-dependent distributionally robust optimization problem considering the HFCV parc uncertainty. We innovatively quantify the upper bound of the ambiguity set of Wasserstein associated with both the endogenous and exogenous factors. We propose effective linearization methods to deal with the nonlinear constraints in the indirect network effects model and transform the two-stage optimization problem into a solvable MILP problem. The simulation results show that the proposed method can obtain more economical investment decisions and achieve higher energy utilization efficiency. More importantly, in this planning framework, investors can set model parameters more flexibly according to the situation of the HFCV market, thereby promoting the popularization of HFCVs. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Hydrogen fuels

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TCIP: Transformed Colour Intensity Profiles analysis for fault detection in power line insulators

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第8期84卷 4503-4534页

作者： Tomaszewski, Michal Gasz, Rafal Kasana, Singara Singh Osuchowski, Jakub Singh, Simranjit Zator, Slawomir Department of Computer Science Faculty of Electrical Engineering Automatic Control and Informatics Opole University of Technology Prószkowska 76 Opole45-758 Poland Department of Computer Science and Information Technology Central University of Haryana Haryana Mahendergarh123031 India Department of Information Technology Dr B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Punjab Jalandhar India Department of Safety Engineering and Technical Systems Faculty of Production Engineering and Logistics Opole University of Technology Prószkowska 76 Opole45-758 Poland

In response to the escalating demand for electricity, the aging process and inherent failures in power lines have become unavoidable challenges in their operational integrity. This research addresses the imperative need for a robust method to detect damage in power insulator disc images, introducing a novel feature extraction technique grounded in color intensity profile transformation and ensemble learning. For the purposes of the research, a specific dataset was developed based on publicly available images of power insulators. The collection consists of 9232 images of insulator discs which included 2184 images of damaged discs. The discernible damages include breakages and burnouts. Two distinct analysis variants were employed. In the first variant (V1), two classification groups were selected: disc with damages and disc without damages. In the second variant (V2), three classification groups were selected: discs without damage, broken discs, and burnout discs. The described research was divided into two successive stages. In the first of them (S1), the transformed color intensity profiles for the prepared data set were built and various machine learning models for their classification were trained and evaluated. In the next stage (S2), previously developed, highest efficient machine learning models, were used to make the detection of various damaged types of overhead line insulator discs. For the first stage of research high-performance results and a high value of the F1 score parameters were obtained (F1 score = 0.999 for the first variant (S1V1) and F1 score = 0.992 for the second variant (S1V2). In the second stage of research and the first variant (S2V1), the highest result of the F1 score was 0.932 and for the second variant (S2V2) F1 score was 0.930. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Feature extraction

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